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Jack Ma

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Template:Chinese name

Jack Ma
Jack Ma in 2008.
Born
Mǎ Yún

(1964-10-15) 15 October 1964 (age 60)[1]
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Alma materHangzhou Normal University
Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business
Occupation(s)Founder and Executive Chairman of Alibaba Group
Spouse张瑛 (Cathy Zhāng Yīng)
Children2
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese馬雲
Simplified Chinese马云
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinMǎ Yún
IPA[mà y̌n]
Wu
SuzhouneseMô Yúin
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationMáh Wàhn
Jyutpingmaa5 wan4

Ma Yun (Chinese: 马云, [mà y̌n];[3] born October 15, 1964), known professionally as Jack Ma, is a Chinese business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the co-founder and executive chairman of Alibaba Group, a multinational technology conglomerate. As of March 2018, he is one of China's richest men with a net worth of US$42.4 billion, as well as one of the wealthiest people in the world.[2]

Ma is seen as a global ambassador for Chinese business and as such is frequently listed as one of the world's most powerful people by Forbes.[4][5] In 2017, he was ranked 2nd in the annual "World's 50 Greatest Leaders" list by Fortune.[6] He serves as a role model in the entrepreneur world, and is one of the world's most admired people.[7][8]

Early life and education

Ma, meaning horse in Chinese, was born on 15 October 1964 in Chongming, Shanghai, China. He began studying French at a young age by conversing with Spanish-speakers at Hangzhou international hotel. He would ride 7000 miles on his bicycle to give tourists tours of the area to practice his Japanese for nine years. He became pen pals with one of those foreigners, who nicknamed him "Jack" because he found it hard to pronounce his Chinese name.[9]

Later in his youth, Ma struggled attending college. The Chinese entrance exams are held only once a year and it took Ma four years to pass. After that, Ma attended Hangzhou Teacher's Institute (currently known as Hangzhou Normal University) and graduated in 1988 with a B.A. in English.[10][11] While at school, Ma was head of the student council.[12] After graduation, he became a lecturer of English and International Trade at Hangzhou Dianzi University. He later enrolled at Beijing-based Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business and graduated in 2006.[13]

Business career

Jack Ma on the future of online trade and globalization at the World Economic Forum 2017.

Jack Ma applied for 30 different jobs and got rejected by all. "I went for a job with the police; they said, 'you're no good,'" Ma told interviewer Charlie Rose. "I even went to KFC when it came to my city. Twenty-four people went for the job. Twenty-three were accepted. I was the only guy...".[14] In addition to his, he applied 10 times to Harvard Business School (HBS) and got rejected.[15]

In 1994, Ma heard about the Internet. In early 1995, he went to the US and with his friends they helped him get introduced to the Internet. During his first encounter he searched the word "beer". Although he found information related to beer from many countries, he was surprised to find none from China. Furthermore, he tried to search for general information about China and again was surprised to find none. So he and his friend created an "ugly" website related to China.[16] He launched the website at 9:40 AM, and by 12:30 PM he had received emails from some Chinese investors wishing to know about him. This is when Ma realized that the Internet had something great to offer. In April 1995, Ma, his wife, and a friend raised US$ 20,000 and started their first company. Their company was dedicated to creating websites for companies. He named their company "China Yellow Pages." Within three years, his company had made 5,000,000 Chinese Yuan which was equivalent to US$800,000 at the time.

Ma began building websites for Chinese companies with the help of friends in the US. He said that ,"The day we got connected to the Web, I invited friends and TV people over to my house," and on a very slow dial-up connection, "we waited three and a half hours and got half a page," he recalled. "We drank, watched TV and played cards, waiting. But I was so proud. I proved the Internet existed."[17] At a conference in 2010, Ma revealed that he has never actually written a line of code nor made one sale to a customer. He acquired a computer for the first time at the age of 33.[18]

From 1998 to 1999, Ma headed an information technology company established by the China International Electronic Commerce Center, a department of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. In 1999, he quit and returned to Hangzhou with his team to found Alibaba, a China-based business-to-business marketplace site in his apartment with a group of 18 friends.[19] He started a new round of venture development with 500,000 yuan.

Jack Ma at 2007 China Trust Global Leaders Forum

In October 1999 and January 2000, Alibaba twice won a total of a $25 million foreign venture capital investment. The program was expected to improve the domestic e-commerce market and perfect an e-commerce platform for Chinese enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to address World Trade Organization (WTO) challenges. Ma wanted to improve the global e-commerce system and from 2003 he founded Taobao Marketplace, Alipay, Ali Mama and Lynx. After the rapid rise of Taobao, eBay offered to purchase the company. However, Ma rejected their offer, instead garnering support from Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang with a $1 billion investment.

In September 2014 it was reported Alibaba was raising over $25 billion in an initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange.[20] Alibaba became one of the most valuable technology companies in the world after raising $25 billion, the largest initial public offering in US financial history. Ma now serves as executive chairman of Alibaba Group, which is a holding company with nine major subsidiaries: Alibaba.com, Taobao Marketplace, Tmall, eTao, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Juhuasuan, 1688.com, AliExpress.com and Alipay. In November 2012, Alibaba's online transaction volume exceeded one trillion yuan. Ma has often been invited to lecture at Peking University.[21] As of 2016, Ma is the owner of Château de Sours in Bordeaux, Chateau Guerry in Côtes de Bourg and Château Perenne in Blaye, Côtes de Bordeaux.[22]

On January 9, 2017 (2017-01-09), Ma talked with United States President Donald Trump at Trump Tower about how to create 1 million American jobs in five years.[23] On September 8 2017, to celebrate Alibaba's 18th year of establishment, Ma appeared on stage and turned the event into a 'Thriller' with a Michael Jackson inspired performance. This isn't the first time Ma has performed at an Alibaba event. He performed part of "Can You Feel The Love Tonight" at the 2009 event while dressed as heavy metal lead singer.[24] In the same month, Jack Ma also partnered with Sir Li Ka-shing in a joint venture to offer a digital wallet service in Hong Kong.[25]

Entertainment career

In 2017, Jack Ma debuted in the acting industry with his first Kung Fu short film Gong Shou Dao. It was filmed in collaboration with the Double 11 Shopping Carnival Singles' Day. In the same year, he has also participated in singing festival, as well as performing dances during Alibaba’s 18th anniversary party.[26][27][28]

Personal life

Ma met his wife, Zhang Ying, when they were studying at Hangzhou Normal University.[29] They married shortly after graduating in the late 1980s. Both began working as teachers.[29] They have a son and a daughter.[29]

Awards and honors

  • In 2004, Jack Ma was honored as one of the “Top 10 Economic Personas of the Year” by China Central Television [CCTV].[30]
  • In Sep 2005, the World Economic Forum selected Ma as a "Young Global Leader".[30]
  • Fortune Magazine also selected him as one of the "25 Most Powerful Businessperson in Asia" in 2005.[30]
  • Businessweek also selected him as a "Businessperson of the Year" in 2007.[31]
  • In 2008, Barron's featured him as one of the 30 "World’s Best CEOs"[32]
  • In May 2009, Time magazine listed Ma as one of the world’s 100 most powerful people. In reporting Ma’s accomplishments, Adi Ignatius, former Time senior editor and editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review, noted that "the Chinese Internet entrepreneur is soft-spoken and elf-like — and he speaks really good English" and remarked that "Taobao.com, Mr. Ma's consumer-auction website, conquered eBay in China."[33] He was also included in this list in 2014.[34]
  • BusinessWeek chose him as one of China's Most Powerful People.[35]
  • Forbes China also selected him as one of the Top 10 Most Respected Entrepreneurs in China by in 2009. Ma received the 2009 CCTV Economic Person of the Year: Business Leaders of the Decade Award.
  • In 2010, Ma was selected by Forbes Asia as one of Asia’s Heroes of Philanthropy for his contribution to disaster relief and poverty.[36]
  • In 2011 it was announced that one of his companies had gained control of Alipay, formerly a subsidiary of Alibaba Group, so as to "comply with Chinese law governing payment companies in order to secure a license to continue operating Alipay.[37]
  • Numerous analysts reported that Ma sold Alipay to himself below market value without notifying the board of Alibaba Group or the other major owners Yahoo and Softbank, while Ma stated that Alibaba Group's board of directors were aware of the transaction. The ownership dispute was resolved by Alibaba Group, Yahoo! and Softbank in July 2011.[38]
  • Ma was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in November 2013.[39]
  • Ma is a board member of Japan’s SoftBank and China’s Huayi Brothers Media Corporation. He became a trustee of The Nature Conservancy’s China program in 2009 and joined its global board of directors in April 2010.
  • In 2013, he became chairman of the board for The Nature Conservancy's China Program; this was one day after he stepped down from Alibaba as company CEO.[40][41]
  • In 2014, he was ranked as the 30th most powerful person in the world in an annual ranking published by Forbes.[42]
  • In 2015, Asian Award honored him with the Entrepreneur of the Year award.[43]
  • In 2017, Fortune ranked Ma second on its World's 50 Greatest Leaders list.[44]
  • In 2017, a KPMG survey ranked Ma third in global tech innovation visionary survey.[45]
  • In October 2017, Ma was given an honorary degree of Doctor of Science in Technopreneurship from De La Salle University Manila, Philippines.[46]

Views

At the annual general meeting of shareholders for Alibaba.com in May 2010, Ma announced Alibaba Group would begin in 2010 to earmark 0.3% of annual revenue to environmental protection, particularly on water and air quality improvement projects. Of the future of Alibaba, he has said that "our challenge is to help more people to make healthy money, 'sustainable money,' money that is not only good for themselves but also good for the society. That's the transformation we are aiming to make."[47]

References

  1. ^ "Jack Ma — born Ma Yun —". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
  2. ^ a b "Jack Ma". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
  3. ^ Tausche, Kayla (10 September 2014). "Alibaba's Jack Ma gets special gift for 50th birthday". CNBC.com. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  4. ^ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes.
  5. ^ "The World's Billionaires". Forbes.
  6. ^ "Theo Epstein". Fortune. 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  7. ^ "Success Story: Jack Ma – The Role Model of Future Entrepreneurs | inBuilt Muscles". www.inbuiltmuscles.com.
  8. ^ "These are the world's most admired people, international survey reveals". AsiaOne.
  9. ^ Kalyani Mookherji (2008). Brief biography of Jack Ma. Prabhat Prakashan. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  10. ^ "Alibaba Group". News.alibaba.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  11. ^ Rose, Charlie (2015-01-29). "Alibaba's Jack Ma on Early Obstacles, His Ambitions". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  12. ^ Fannin, Rebecca (2008-01-01). "How I Did It: Jack Ma, Alibaba.com". Inc. Magazine. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  13. ^ "Alumni Profiles". English.ckgsb.edu.cn. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  14. ^ "Charlie Rose Talks to Alibaba's Jack Ma". Bloomberg.
  15. ^ "Alibaba founder Jack Ma: 'Harvard rejected me 10 times'". businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
  16. ^ "秒拍视频". Miaopai.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  17. ^ Barboza, David (August 15, 2005). "New Partner for Yahoo Is a Master at Selling". The New York Times.
  18. ^ Mellor, William (10 November 2014). "Ma 和Says Alibaba Shareholders Should Feel Love, Not No. 3". Bloomberg. Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  19. ^ Popovic, Stevan (May 4, 2014). "Jack Ma: The man leading the Chinese e-commerce market". Hot Topics.
  20. ^ "IPO launch of Alibaba pushed back by a week". ChinaNationalNews.com. 1 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  21. ^ "马云（阿里巴巴集团创始人）_百度百科". Baike.baidu.com. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  22. ^ "Company news; Brown-Forman will become 100% owner of Finlandia". Decanter. U.S. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  23. ^ "Alibaba job boom: Jack Ma chats with Trump about how to create 1 million US jobs over 5 years". CNBC. 9 January 2017.
  24. ^ Castillo, Michelle (2017-09-12). "Watch Jack Ma pull off his best Michael Jackson dance moves at the Alibaba birthday celebration". CNBC. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
  25. ^ "Li Ka-shing, Jack Ma Join Forces to Bring Digital Wallet to Hong Kong". Bloomberg.com. 26 September 2017.
  26. ^ Horwitz, Josh. "Jack Ma is using Singles Day, a symbol of crass commercialism, to revitalize Tai Chi in China". Quartz.
  27. ^ "This could well be the oddest video you'll see this week". NewsComAu.
  28. ^ Ciolli, Joe (13 October 2017). "Billionaire Alibaba CEO Jack Ma sings at surprise music festival appearance". Business Insider Singapore.
  29. ^ a b c "Starting Small with Jack Ma". Eyerys.com.
  30. ^ a b c "Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-15.
  31. ^ "The Best Leaders of 2007 - BusinessWeek". Images.businessweek.com. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  32. ^ "World's Best CEOs 2008". Barrons.com. March 24, 2008.
  33. ^ Ignatius, Adi (30 April 2009). "The 2009 TIME 100: Jack Ma". TIME.com. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  34. ^ "Jack Ma: The World's 100 Most Influential People". TIME.com. Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  35. ^ "China's Most Powerful People 2009". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  36. ^ "In Pictures: 48 Heroes of Philanthropy". Forbes. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  37. ^ "Alibaba Group Clarification with Respect to Alipay Status and Related Statements by Yahoo!". Alibaba News. May 13, 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  38. ^ Rusli, Evelyn M. (29 July 2011). "Yahoo and Alibaba Resolve Alipay Dispute". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-07-29.
  39. ^ "Jack Ma Is the Loneliest Billionaire in China". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  40. ^ "Faces of Conservation". The Nature Consevancy. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ David Maxwell Braun. "China's Alibaba Group to "mobilize hundreds of millions" for environment". National Geographic (blogs). Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Howard, Caroline (5 November 2014). "Putin Vs. Obama: The World's Most Powerful People 2014". Forbes. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  43. ^ Wareing, Charlotte (2015-04-17). "Asian Awards 2015: All the winners from the star-studded bash - 3am & Mirror Online". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  44. ^ "Jack Ma". Fortune. 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
  45. ^ "Alibaba's Jack Ma ranked No 3 in global tech innovation visionary survey by KPMG". SCMP.com. 2017-03-06.
  46. ^ "Chinese billionaire Jack Ma 'extremely humbled' by honorary degree from DLSU".
  47. ^ "An Interview with Jack Ma". Alibaba News. December 6, 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
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