Template:LGBT rights table Americas
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Tables:
North America
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1994; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Domestic partnerships since 2018[2] | Legal since November 2018 and between May 2017 and June 2018 | Legal since 2015[3] | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[4] | |
Canada | Legal since 1969 + UN decl. sign.[1][5] |
Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[6] Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[7] Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[8] Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[9] |
Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[10] | Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[11] | Since 1992[12] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Manitoba and Ontario since 2015, and Vancouver and Nova Scotia since 2018 | Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017[13][14][15][16] |
Greenland (autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) |
Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[17] | Legal since 2016 | Stepchild adoption since 2009;[18] joint adoption since 2016[19] |
Since 1978 (Denmark responsible for defense) | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] | |
Mexico | Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
/ Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[20] Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[21] Campeche (2013),[22] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[23] Michoacán (2015) and Tlaxcala (2017) | / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[24] Quintana Roo (2012),[25] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Baja California (2017), Nuevo León (2019), Aguascalientes (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Hidalgo (2019) and Baja California Sur (2019) All states are obliged to recognise same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[24][26][27] The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[28] but as state laws were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the courts[29][30] |
/ Legal in Mexico City (2010),[31] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017),[32][33] San Luis Potosí (2019)[34] and Hidalgo (2019)[35] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] | / Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[37] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019) and San Luis Potosí (2019)[38] | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] | |
United States | Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Domestic partnerships in California (1999),[44] the District of Columbia (2002),[45] Maine (2004),[46] Oregon (2008),[47] Maryland (2008),[48] and Nevada (2009);[49] Civil unions in New Jersey (2007),[50] Illinois (2011),[51] Hawaii (2012),[52] and Colorado (2013)[53] |
Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015[54] | Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016[55] | "Don't ask, don't tell" policy was abolished in 2011, meaning that since then LGB people have been allowed to serve openly in the military.[56] Most transgender people are banned from serving since April 12, 2019 (can only serve in basis of biological sex)[citation needed][57][58][59] |
/ Federal executive order prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation for employees in the federal civilian workforce, along with government employment in the District of Columbia, and the United States Postal Service, since 1998 (see Executive Order 12968 and Executive Order 13087). Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation with minors by mental health professionals illegal in some states and territories. Included in the federal hate crime law since 2009. Sexual orientation discrimination banned in public and private employment in 24 states + D.C. |
/ Gender identity discrimination in healthcare insurance banned since 2012.[60][61] Allowed to change gender under various conditions in 47 states + D.C. Included in the federal hate crime law since 2009. Gender identity discrimination banned in public and private employment in 23 states + D.C. |
Central America
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belize | Legal since 2016[62] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[63][64][65] | [66] | ||||
Costa Rica | Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[67][68] | / To become legal by May 2020 | To become legal by May 2020[69] | Has no military | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] | Transgender persons can change their legal gender without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018[70] |
El Salvador | Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
[71][72] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[71] | [73] | |||
Guatemala | Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Pending | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | [74] | |||
Honduras | Legal since 1899 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005 | Constitutional ban since 2005;[75][76] court decision pending | Constitutional ban since 2005 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[77] | ||
Nicaragua | Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] | |||||
Panama | Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Court decision pending | Court decision pending | Court decision pending | Has no military | Bans some anti-gay discrimination[78][79] | Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[80][81] |
Caribbean
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
UK responsible for defence | |||||
Antigua and Barbuda | Illegal Penalty: 15-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[1] |
||||||
Aruba (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Registered partnerships since 2016[82] | / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[83] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | |||
Bahamas | Legal since 1991; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[1] |
[1] | |||||
Barbados | Illegal Penalty: Life imprisonment (Not enforced).[1] Legalization proposed |
||||||
Bonaire (a special municipality of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
[84] | Legal since 2012[85] | [86] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | ||
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[87] | ||||
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2001; Age of consent discrepancy[1] + UN decl. sign. |
UK responsible for defence | |||||
Cuba | Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
legalization pending [88] | [1][89] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination [90][91][92] | Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[93] | ||
Curaçao (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Pending | / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[83] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | |||
Dominica | Illegal Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced). + UN decl. sign.[1] |
||||||
Dominican Republic | Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban since 2010[citation needed] | [94] | ||||
Grenada | Male illegal Penalty: 10-year prison sentence. Female always legal[1] |
Has no military | |||||
Guadeloupe (Overseas department of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | France responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] |
Haiti | Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[1] | Has no military | |||||
Jamaica | Male illegal Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female always legal.[1] |
Constitutional ban since 1962 | |||||
Martinique (Overseas department of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | France responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] |
Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban since 2010[95] | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[96] | |||
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States) |
Legal since 2003 | Legal since 2015 | Legal since 2015[97] | Legal since 2015 | United States responsible for defense[56][59] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery |
Saba (a special municipality of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
[84] | Legal since 2012[85] | [86] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | ||
Saint Barthélemy (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | France responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Male illegal Penalty: 10 years (Not enforced). Female always legal[1] |
||||||
Saint Lucia | Male illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female always legal[1] |
Has no military | |||||
Saint Martin (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | France responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence.[1] Legalization proposed |
Has no military | |||||
Sint Eustatius (a special municipality of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
[84] | Legal since 2012[85] | [86] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | ||
Sint Maarten (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[1] |
/ Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[83] | The Netherlands responsible for defence | ||||
Trinidad and Tobago | Legal since 2018[98] | ||||||
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban since 2011[99] | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] | |||
United States Virgin Islands (Territory of the United States) |
Legal since 1985 | Legal since 2015[55] | Legal since 2015[55] | Legal since 2015[55] | United States responsible for defense[56][59] |
South America
LGBT rights in: | Same-sex sexual activity | Recognition of same-sex unions | Same-sex marriage | Adoption by same-sex couples | LGB people allowed to serve openly in military | Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | Legal since 1853 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[100] Río Negro Province (2003),[101] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009) Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[102] |
Legal since 2010[103] | Legal since 2010 | Since 2009[104] | / Legal protection in some cities;[105] pending nationwide. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 |
Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[106] |
Bolivia | Legal since 1832 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban on free unions since 2009;[107] Family life agreement pending[108] |
Constitutional ban since 2009[109] | LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[110] | Since 2015[111][112][113] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] | Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[114][115][116][117] |
Brazil | Legal since 1831 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
"Stable unions" legal in some states since 2004; all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[118][119] | Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013[120][121] | Legal since 2010[122] | Since 1969[123] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[124] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[125][126] |
Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018[127][128][129] |
Chile | Legal since 1999; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil unions since 2015[130] | Pending[131] | Pending[132] | Since 2012[133] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[134] | Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 1974. No surgeries or judicial order since 2019.[135] |
Colombia | Legal since 1981 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
De facto marital union since 2007[136] | Legal since 2016[137] | Stepchild adoption since 2014;[138] joint adoption since 2015[139] | Since 1999[1] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[140] | Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required[141] |
Ecuador | Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
De facto unions since 2009[142][143] | Legal since 2019[144] | LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[145] | [146] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[147] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 |
Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[148][149][150] |
Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) |
Legal since 1989 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil partnerships since 2017[151] | Legal since 2017[151] | Legal since 2017 | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[152] | |
French Guiana (Overseas department of France) |
Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Civil solidarity pact since 1999[39] | Legal since 2013[40] | Legal since 2013[41] | France responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42] | Under French law[43] |
Guyana | Illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[1] |
[153] | [154] | ||||
Paraguay | Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban since 1992[155] | Constitutional ban since 1992[156] | [157] | |||
Peru | Legal since 1924 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Proposed[158] | Proposed | Since 2009[159] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination[160][161][162][163][164] | Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[165][166] | |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) | Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2014[167] | Legal since 2014[167] | UK responsible for defence | |||
Suriname | Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana); Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination[168] | Court decision pending[169][170] | ||||
Uruguay | Legal since 1934 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Concubinage union since 2008[171] | Legal since 2013[172] | Legal since 2009[173] | Since 2009[174] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[175] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 | Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[176] Self-determination since 2018. |
Venezuela | Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.[1] |
Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1999; Proposed |
Constitutional ban since 1999; court decision pending[177] |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] |
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{{cite book}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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