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Dawood Ibrahim

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Dawood Ibrahim
File:Dawood Ibrahim.jpg
Born
Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar

(1955-12-26) 26 December 1955 (age 68)
Khed, Bombay State, India
NationalityIndian
Occupation(s)Terrorist, Gangster and drug dealer
OrganizationD-Company
Opponents
At least 4
SpouseMehjabeen Shaikh (aka Zubeena Zareen)[2]
Children4
RelativesShabir Ibrahim Kaskar (brother); (deceased)
Iqbal Ibrahim Kaskar (brother)
Haseena Parkar (sister);(deceased)
Criminal chargeOrganised crime, drug trafficking, extortion, targeted killing, terrorism
Wanted by
India
Wanted since1993

Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar (/ɪbrəˈhiːm/ ⓘ; born 26 December 1955) is a crime lord and a terrorist most wanted by India with a reward of $25 million[3] over his head, and has been wanted since 1994.[4] He is originally from Dongri, Mumbai.[5][6]

He is currently believed to be residing in Pakistan, according to the Indian government,[7] and heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company which he founded in Mumbai in the 1970s.[8][9][10][11][12] Dawood is wanted on the charges of terrorism, murder, extortion, targeted killing, drug trafficking and various other cases. He was designated as a global terrorist in 2003 by India and the United States with a reward of US$25 million on his head for his believed role in the 1993 Bombay bombings.[3][13] In 2011, he was named number three on "The World's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives" by the FBI[14] and Forbes.[15]

On June 6, 2020 it was reported that Dawood Ibrahim, was killed on the orders of the Pakistan army’s top officials, according to the claim of intelligence inputs from two countries with deep penetration into GHQ Rawalpindi, as well as domestic agencies that were keeping an eye on Dawood[16]

Early life

Dawood Ibrahim was born on 26 December 1955 in a Konkani Muslim family in Ratnagiri in Maharashtra, India.[17] His father, Ibrahim Kaskar, worked as a head constable with the Mumbai Police and his mother, Amina, was a homemaker.[18] He lived in the Temkar Mohalla area of Dongri and attended Ahmed Sailor High School from which he dropped out.

Criminal career

Dawood started his career in crime by engaging in fraud, robbery and petty crimes in his early teens and later joined the gang of Baashu Dada, a local don. He later split from the gang and created his own gang with his elder brother Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar in the late 1970s. After Shabir was killed by the rival Pathan gang, he became the sole boss of his gang, known as the D-Company. He was then chiefly involved in gold smuggling, real estate, extortion and drug trafficking. He fled India for Dubai in 1986 after being wanted by the Mumbai Police for the murder of Samad Khan, a rival gangster. In the following years he further expanded his gang with the help of his second-in-command Chhota Rajan, with his gang having over 5000 members and bringing in tens of crores of rupees in revenue annually in the early 1990s.

He was named by the Indian government as one of the masterminds in the 1993 Mumbai Attacks, which was alleged carried out with the help of Pakistan's intelligence agency ISI. Following the attacks he fled Dubai for Karachi, where he is said to be living to this day.

The United States Department of the Treasury designated Ibrahim as a terrorist as part of its international sanctions program, effectively forbidding US financial entities from working with him and seizing assets believed to be under his control. The Department of Treasury keeps a fact sheet on Ibrahim which contains reports of his syndicate having smuggling routes from South Asia, the Middle-East and Africa shared with and used by terrorist organization al-Qaeda. The fact sheet also said that Ibrahim's syndicate is involved in large-scale shipment of narcotics in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. He is also believed to have had contacts with al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-Laden. In the late 1990s, Ibrahim traveled to Afghanistan under the Taliban's protection. The syndicate has consistently aimed to destabilise the India through riots, terrorism, civil disobedience and pumping fake Indian currency notes into the country.[19] India Today reported that Ibrahim provided the logistics for the 2008 Mumbai attacks.[20]

Presently, Ibrahim's criminal activities are terror funding, drug trafficking, gunrunning, extortion and money laundering. He has also heavily invested in real estate in Karachi, Dubai and India. Ibrahim is believed to control much of the hawala system, which is the very commonly used unofficial system for transferring money and remittances outside the view of official agents. Ibrahim was linked to the financing of increasing attacks in Gujarat by Lashkar-e-Toiba.[21] In 2006, the government of India handed over to Pakistan, a list of 38 most wanted criminals including Ibrahim.[22] His crime syndicate spreads across Asia, Europe and Africa, with over 40% of its earnings coming from India.[23][24]

1993 Bombay bombings

Dawood is widely believed to have masterminded the March 1993 bombings in Bombay. In 2003, the Indian and United States governments declared Ibrahim a "Global Terrorist." The Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani described it as a major development. Ibrahim is currently on India's "Most Wanted List".[21]

In a public discourse in June 2017, Ram Jethmalani confirmed that after the Bombay blasts, Dawood Ibrahim had called him from London, saying that he was prepared to come to India and stand trial, on the condition that he should not be subjected to any third degree treatment from the police.[25] Jethmalani had conveyed this to Sharad Pawar, but the politicians in power did not agree to this proposal. As per Jethmalani, their refusal to allow Dawood's return was due to their fears that he would expose their secrets.[26][27]

Location

According to International claims, Ibrahim is believed to be living in Pakistan and then in the United Arab Emirates.[28][29][30][31] According to Indian claims he has shifted to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Indian sources add that "Inter-Services Intelligence appeared extremely wary of the new Indo-US cooperation to fight terrorism. The Inter-Services Intelligence and Dawood appear under a lot of pressure"[32] On 5 May 2015 MP Haribhai Chaudhary informed the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) that the whereabouts of Ibrahim were unknown.[7][33] However, on 11 May, Rajnath Singh, the then Home Minister of India, told the parliament that Ibrahim was in Pakistan and he will bring him back to India.[7][34][35][36]

According to claims of Indian news media Times Now on 22 August 2015, Dawood was in Karachi, Pakistan. According to said media corporation, they had conversation with a woman in Karachi on August 22, 2015. Transcripts of conversations which were published on the news agency's website, in one conversation she said that she is Dawood's wife and "he is sleeping", while in the second conversation she said that there was no one by that name known to her.[37][38]

According to a dossier prepared by India in August 2015, to be handed over to Pakistan, Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan and has three Pakistani passports which he frequently uses to travel.[39]

Search for Dawood Ibrahim

He has been on The World's 10 Most Wanted list since 2010, and third in the list,[40] and is designated a "global terrorist".[41] Many attempts have been made to locate Ibrahim by the Indian intelligence agencies, Research and Analysis Wing and Intelligence Bureau (IB), ever since he went into hiding. His location has been frequently traced to Karachi, Pakistan, a claim which the Pakistani authorities have frequently denied.[42][43][44][45][46] The claims were further established in August 2015, when a phone call made to his home by an Indian television channel, Times Now, was answered by his wife, who confirmed his presence at their home in Karachi. The Indian intelligence agencies immediately prepared a dossier of Ibrahim which included evidence of his location in Karachi, among other evidence. It was to be presented at the National Security Agency-level talks between the two countries in the same month, which was however, called off due to political reasons.[47][48]

In an interview with India Today, Chhota Rajan, a former aide of Ibrahim, who he later fell out with in 1992, said that, "He [Ibrahim] does travel out of Pakistan once in a while but Karachi is his base."[49]

Chhota Rajan vs Dawood Ibrahim

Chhota Rajan is believed to have assisted intelligence agencies in getting a low down on the activities of the D-Company and its members by using his intimate knowledge of the criminal enterprise and its operations from his experience. To reinforce his reputation as a patriotic gangster don, Chhota Rajan threatened to brutally murder those accused of engineering the 1993 Mumbai bombings.[50] Saleem ‘Kurla’ in April 1998 followed by Mohammad Jindran in June 1998 and Majeed Khan on 1 March 1999 were shot dead.

The Shiv Sena, which ruled Maharashtra in a coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 1994 to 1999, is speculated to have sympathized with Chhota Rajan. It is reported that selective police action against the Ibrahim crime syndicate during the Shiv Sena administration and its subsequent decline through encounter killings helped strengthen Chhota Rajan's position in the underworld. This is similar to how Dawood Ibrahim himself had benefitted from the 1980s police campaign against the Pathans.[51] The Shiv Sena laid bare its affection for Chhota Rajan in an editorial in the Saamna newspaper, its mouthpiece, edited by Bal Thackeray. The editorial heaved a sigh of relief, attributing Chhota Rajan's survival to "good fortune" resulting from divine grace. The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) was believed to be behind the attempted assassination of Chhota Rajan.[52]

In February 2010, alleged Chhota Rajan associates gunned down Nepali media baron Jamim Shah point blank in broad daylight as he was driving to his residence on a public road.[53] Shah ostensibly had links with Dawood Ibrahim and was the mastermind of a racket producing counterfeit Indian currency within Nepal. His anti-Indian criminal activities had rankled the Indian government for more than a decade and half prior.[54]

Family

In 2006, Ibrahim's daughter, Mahrukh Ibrahim, married Junaid Miandad, the son of Pakistani cricketer Javed Miandad.[55] In 2011, his daughter Mehreen, 24, married Ayub, a Pakistani-American.[56] His son Moin married Saniya, daughter of a London-based businessman on 25 September 2011.[57] Several of his family members, including his brother, Iqbal Kaskar, live in Mumbai.[58]

Ibrahim and his syndicate D-Company have been linked to the financing of the Bollywood movie industry. A number of Bollywood studios and films were financed by D-Company in the 1980s and 1990s. Ibrahim was linked to a number of celebrities during that time, including the beauty pageant contestant Anita Ayub and the Bollywood actress Mandakini. D-Company is also known for extortion and threats targeted towards Bollywood producers and celebrities, and was involved in the murders of Bollywood producers Javed Siddique and Gulshan Kumar.[59]

The 2002 film Company is based loosely on D-Company's activities, and its sequel (prequel to events in the movie), the 2005 film D, as well as Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007) and the 2010 film Once Upon a Time in Mumbai.[60] The 2013 movie Shootout at Wadala is based on the rise of the D-Company. The film Haseena Parkar (2017) is a biographical crime film based on his sister, Haseena Parkar. The 2018 video game Hitman 2 features a Mumbai crime lord active in the movie industry called "Dawood Rangan" as a target, presumably as a reference to Ibrahim himself.

See also

References

  1. ^ https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dawood-ibrahim-pakistan-karachi-974276-2017-04-29
  2. ^ "It is official: Ahead of NSA meet, fresh photo and passport copy of Dawood Ibrahim confirm he's in Pakistan". Firstpost.
  3. ^ a b "3 students forced to end their 'Dawood hunt' after money runs out". First Post. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  4. ^ Daily, Keralakaumudi. "New evidence proves Dawood Ibrahim hiding in Pakistan's Karachi". Keralakaumudi Daily. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Treasury Sanctions Two Indian Nationals and a Company Based in Pakistan for Ties to the South Asian Criminal Network 'D Company'". www.treasury.gov. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  6. ^ "DAWOOD IBRAHIM KASKAR | United Nations Security Council Subsidiary Organs". www.un.org. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  7. ^ a b c "Dawood Ibrahim is in Pakistan, Rajnath assures Lok Sabha". Indian Express. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  8. ^ The name on the Mumbai street over terror attacks is Dawood Ibrahim. The Times. 13 July 2011
  9. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar". Forbes.
  10. ^ "Made outside India". The Economist. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  11. ^ Kugelman, Michael (2015). "Opinion | Fix the Link to Pakistan, Bond With India". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  12. ^ Tran, Mark (2 December 2008). "India names two most-wanted fugitives after Mumbai attacks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  13. ^ "Shaikh, Dawood Hasan". Interpol. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  14. ^ Henley, Jon. "Who is now on the World's Most Wanted list?". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  15. ^ "Dawood 4th 'most wanted' criminal on Forbes list". Forbes. (29 April 2008). Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  16. ^ "For months, ISI has been wanting Dawood dead". Sunday Guardian, June 6, 2020.
  17. ^ "10 things to know about Dawood Ibrahim". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  18. ^ Swami, Praveen (9 April 1999). "Mumbai's mafia wars". Frontline. 16 (7). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  19. ^ Robert Windrem (11 July 2006). "Possible al-Qaida link to India train attacks". NBC News. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  20. ^ India Today Archived 1 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Indiatoday.digitaltoday.in (28 November 2008). Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  21. ^ a b "Dawood Ibrahim is a global terrorist: US". Rediff.com. 17 October 2003. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
  22. ^ "Bush administration imposes sanctions on India's most wanted criminals Dawood Ibrahim and sai bansod". IndiaDaily. 2 June 2006. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007.
  23. ^ Chandigarh, India – Main News. The Tribune. (31 December 2000). Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  24. ^ 'ISI pressured Dawood to carry out Mumbai blasts'. Rediff.com (22 December 2002). Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  25. ^ "The legend of Ram – a conversation with Ram Jethmalani". Algebra talks. Algebra. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  26. ^ "Ram Jethmalani, Sharad Pawar spar over Dawood Ibrahim". India Today. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  27. ^ "Sharad Pawar: Jethmalani's proposal on Dawood Ibrahim was conditional". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  28. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim was in Pak till April 2013: IPL spot-fixing chargesheet". In.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  29. ^ Desk, Web. "Dawood Ibrahim chased out of Pakistan: PM's special envoy". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 12 April 2014. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  30. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim was in Pak till April 2013: IPL spot-fixing chargesheet-CNN-IBN". IBNLive. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  31. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim was here but we chased him out, may be in UAE now: Shahryar Khan". The Indian Express. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  32. ^ ET Bureau (27 October 2014). "ISI shifts underworld don Dawood Ibrahim to Pakistan-Afghanistan border — timesofindia-economictimes". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  33. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim Whereabouts". IBN Live.
  34. ^ "Dawood in Pakistan, Will Get Him No Matter What: Rajnath Singh in Parliament". NDTV. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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  36. ^ "Rajnath says Dawood is in Pakistan". India Today. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  37. ^ "Dawood's wife confirms her husband is in Karachi — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Times News Network. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  38. ^ "TIMES NOW tracks Dawood Ibrahim-News-Exclusives-TIMESNOW.tv — Latest Breaking News, Big News Stories, News Videos". Timesnow.tv. Archived from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  39. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan, Delhi says". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  40. ^ Vardi, Nathan. "The World's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives". Forbes. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  41. ^ "Dawood Ibrahim is a global terrorist: US". Rediff. 17 October 2003. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  42. ^ William C. Banks; Renée de Nevers; Mitchel B. Wallerstein (1 October 2007). Combating Terrorism: Strategies and Approaches. SAGE Publications. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-4833-7092-7.
  43. ^ "Pakistan denies Dawood's presence on its soil". Rediff. 19 October 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  44. ^ Khan, Atiq (12 May 2015). "Envoy denies Dawood's presence in Pakistan". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  45. ^ "Exclusive: This is where Dawood lives in Karachi. A la Osama, the Pakistanis don't know!". India Today. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  46. ^ "Pakistan's Dawood lie nailed! RAW report on terrorist's Pak stay shows he wasn't chased out of country". India Today. 11 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  47. ^ Singh, Vijaota (23 August 2015). "Indian dossier lists don Dawood Ibrahim's Pakistan assets". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  48. ^ Chowdhury, Sagnik (23 August 2013). "Dawood Ibrahim's new home in Karachi near Bilawal's residence". The Indian Express. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  49. ^ "'I gave the instructions for Wahid's killing'". India Today. 31 January 1996. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  50. ^ Chhota Rajan, The ‘Patriotic Don’ - Scroll.IN Reporting
  51. ^ Police Action During Mumbai Gang Wars - Press Reader Reporting
  52. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  53. ^ "'Indian' contract killer targets 'Dawood's man' in Nepal jail". Times Of India. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  54. ^ "Chhota Rajan gang killed Nepal baron". India Today. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  55. ^ "Profile: India's fugitive gangster". BBC News. 12 September 2006.
  56. ^ "Tale behind weddings of Dawood Ibrahim's children : Neighbours, News — India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  57. ^ Dawood's son Moin marries London girl in Karachi
  58. ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/unfair-to-deny-passport-for-being-dawoods-brother-kaskar/
  59. ^ 10 Times Bollywood Actors Crossed Paths With The Underworld, ScoopWhoop, 11 August 2015
  60. ^ "Akshay to play dreaded don Dawood?". Emirates247. 7 March 2011.
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