1914 in Germany
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| See also: | Other events of 1914 History of Germany • Timeline • Years | ||||
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Events in the year 1914 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria - Ludwig III of Bavaria
- King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony - Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
- King of Württemberg - William II of Württemberg
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick II
- Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick Francis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - William Ernest
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe - Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Principality of Lippe - Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line - Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
- Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont - Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt - Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick - Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) — initially ... Full, acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)
- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) — Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) — Albert Heinrich Schnee
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) — Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October
- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) — Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) — Theodor Seitz
- Togoland — Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg tol 31 August
Events
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July
- 5 July – The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
- 5 July – A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.
August
- 1 Ausgust- The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
- 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France
- 4 August – World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium
- 4 August – World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.[1]
- 7 August — World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.
- 9 August — World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.
- 9 August — World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.[1]
- 23 August — The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
- 23 August — World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.
- 23 August — World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.[1]
- 28 August — World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.
September
- 5 September–12 September — World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins:[1] Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.
- 13 September–28 September — World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.
- 21 September — World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.
October
- 19 October–22 November — World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.
November
- 1 November — World War I: Battle of Coronel fought - German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.
- 7 November — World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
December
- 8 December — World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.[2]
- 24 December — World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.
Births
February
- 20 February - Erich Ziegler, German politician and resistance activist (died 2004)
March
- Wilhelm Wegner, highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht (died 1989)
April
- April 8 - Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)
- April 20 -Otto Weiß, former German pair skater
May
- May 3 - Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)
- May 7 - Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)
- May 26 - Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)
- May 27 - Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)
June
- June 1 - Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)
July
August
- August 27 - Heidi Kabel, actress (died 2010)
November
- November 6 - Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)
December
- December 5 - Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)
- December 13 - Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)
- December 14 - Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)
- December 21 -Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)
- December 26 - Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)
- December 29 - Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)
Deaths
March
- 16 March - Adolf Zander, 71 (German composer)
- 31 March — Christian Morgenstern, author (born 1871)
April
- 2 April - Paul Heyse German writer and translator (died 1830)
June
- 11 June - Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)
- 25 June - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)
August
- 19 August - Franz Xavier Wernz
- 24 August - Johannes Weiss
September
- 25 September - Alfred Lichtenstein (writer), German writer (born 1889)
- 26 September - August Macke, German painter (born 1887)
October
- 4 September - Theodor Weber, German physician (born 1829)
- 27 September - Robert von Pöhlmann, German ancient historian (born 1852)
November
- 5 November - August Weismann, German biologist (born 1834)
December
17 December - Otto Sackur, 34, (German physical chemist)
Date Unknown
Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)
References
- ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
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