1996 Summer Olympics torch relay
| Countries visited | Greece, United States of America |
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| Distance | 26,875 kilometres (16,699 mi) |
| Torchbearers | 12,467 |
| Start date | April 27, 1996 |
| End date | July 19, 1996[1] |
| Torch designer | Malcolm Grear |
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| Part of a series on |
| 1996 Summer Olympics |
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The 1996 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from April 27, 1996 until July 19, 1996, prior to the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.[1] The route covered 26,875 kilometres (16,699 mi) across the United States and included a trek on the Pony Express, a ride on the Union Pacific Railroad, and a torch was taken into space for the first time. The relay involved over 12,000 torchbearers, including Muhammad Ali, whose lighting of the Olympic cauldron at the opening ceremony is remembered as one of the most inspiring and emotional moments in Olympic history.
Torch
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The torch was designed by Malcolm Grear and featured 22 aluminum "reeds" intended to represent the number of times that the Games had been held. A gold-plated band towards the base of the torch features the names of all 20 host cities up to and including Atlanta while the logo is etched into another band near the top. The handle, made of Georgia hardwood, is found near the center of the 76 centimetres (30 in) torch.[2][3] In total it weighed 1,600 grams (56 oz).[3] Torchbearers were allowed to purchase for $275 the torch that they had carried.[4]
Route
The initial journey of the Olympic flame always begins in Olympia. Over 800 people carried the torch a distance of 2,141 kilometres (1,330 mi) across Greece, the most extensive in the history of the Games.[3] The flame then landed at Los Angeles International Airport on April 27, 1996 and was met with a welcome ceremony. The first torchbearer of the American part of the relay, Rafer Johnson, was the final torchbearer at the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.[5] It went on to visit 42 states and 29 state capitols along a journey of 26,875 kilometres (16,699 mi).[2][3] The torch was carried by 12,467 bearers including 2,000 former Olympians or other people somehow linked to the Olympic movement, 5,500 people who had been nominated locally as "community heroes", and 2,500 people picked out in a draw.[3][4]
The route was designed to take in as many historically and culturally significant locations as possible.[5] The torch was first carried to Santa Monica Pier and was greeted at the first of hundreds of celebratory events. It then proceeded along the coast and up to Kingman, Arizona at which point it joined the famous Route 66, passing close to the Grand Canyon and reaching Hoover Dam. It was carried across by Martha Watson and the world's largest US flag was unfurled across the wall of the dam.[5]
The route featured a wide variety in the methods of transport used, including bicycles, boats, and trains.[2] From Las Vegas the flame was passed onto a special cauldron car on a Union Pacific train, the first of several train journeys. The National Pony Express Association participated in the journey with riders carrying the torch for over 56 continuous hours. On June 12 the torch was taken on board a replica of a 19th-century packet boat and pulled for 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) along Erie Canal by mule.[5] The torch was also carried into space for the first time, with astronauts taking an unlit torch with them aboard Space Shuttle Columbia as part of STS-78.[6][7][8][9] This was replicated during the 2000 Summer Olympics torch relay and as part of the 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay.[9]
While the relay went without any major mishaps there was need for a 15-mile diversion on the route between Baton Rouge and New Orleans – a 310,000 US gallons (1,200,000 L; 260,000 imp gal) gasoline spillage in Gramercy, Louisiana necessitated the detour.[4]
| Date | Map |
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April 27 (Day 1): Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum |
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April 30 (Day 4): Yuma |
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May 1 (Day 5): Kingman |
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May 2 (Day 6): Las Vegas |
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May 5 (Day 9): Klamath Falls |
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May 6 (Day 10): Longview |
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May 9 (Day 13): Pendleton |
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May 9 and 10 (Days 13 and 14): Ogden |
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May 11 (Day 15): Cheyenne |
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May 12 (Day 16): Cheyenne |
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May 15 and 16 (Days 19 and 20): St. Joseph |
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May 16 (Day 20): Kansas City |
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May 18 (Day 22): Ponca City |
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May 19 and 20 (Days 23 and 24): Fort Worth |
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May 22 and 23 (Days 26 and 27): Lake Charles |
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May 25 (Day 29): Mendenhall |
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May 26 (Day 30): Pine Bluff |
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May 26 and 27 (Days 30 and 31): Memphis |
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May 27 (Day 31): Cape Girardeau |
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May 30 (Day 34): Keokuk |
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May 31 and June 1 (Days 35 and 36): Austin |
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June 2 (Day 37): La Crosse |
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June 3 (Day 38): Waukegan |
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June 4 (Day 39): Gary |
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June 5 and 6 (Days 40 and 41): Louisville |
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June 7 (Day 42): Cincinnati |
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June 9 (Day 44): Dearborn |
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June 9 and 10 (Day 44 and 45): Cleveland |
Sponsorship
The relay was sponsored by Coca-Cola with accompanying cars, vans, and trucks emblazoned with the logo. Revenue from the drinks sold from the travelling party were donated to charity.[4] As part of the deal Coca-Cola were allowed to choose a quarter of the relay runners. They gave nomination forms away as part of a promotional deal with 12-packs of their cans with the entries largely being selected at random.[10]
Opening ceremony
The end of the relay took place on July 19, 1996 at the opening ceremony in Atlanta. Four-time gold medal-winning discus thrower Al Oerter carried the torch to the stadium, passing it to Evander Holyfield. Holyfield was then joined by Voula Patoulidou and the pair passed the flame to American swimmer Janet Evans, the penultimate torchbearer, who carried it around a lap of the track and up a long ramp leading towards the northern end of the stadium.[11][12]
The identity of the final torchbearer had been kept secret and was only revealed when Muhammad Ali appeared at the top of the ramp. Ali, who had won gold at the 1960 Games in Rome and later developed Parkinson's disease, lit a mechanical torch which then travelled along a wire, lighting the cauldron at the top of a 116-foot (35 m) tower.[11][12] His appearance has been referred to as being one of the most inspiring, poignant, and emotional moments in Olympic history.[11][13][14]
References
- ^ a b Longman, Jere (9 December 1995). "OLYMPICS;Torch Run Takes a Wrong Turn". New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ a b c "1996 Olympic Torch Relay At a Glance". Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Olympic Games Atlanta 1996". Olympic-Museum.de. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, Dirk (May 26, 1996). "15,000-Mile Olympic Torch Route Gives Lots of People Reasons to FeelGood". New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games Volume II" (PDF). The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games. pp. 14–53. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (April 23, 2013). "Cosmonauts May Carry Olympic Torch and 'Flame' on Spacewalk". Space.com. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project". NASA. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "STS-78 crew holds up Olympic torch at SLF". V Like Vintage. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Gayle, Damien (September 26, 2013). "Olympic Torch one step closer to first space walk as the astronauts set to carry it into the void arrive at International Space Station". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Hong, Peter Y. (January 31, 1996). "Teacher to Carry Olympic Torch : Compton educator, nominated by one of her eighth-grade students, is first in Southland to be chosen for the honor". LA Times. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
- ^ a b c "The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games Volume II" (PDF). The Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games. pp. 68–69, 132. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ a b Weinberg, Rick. "8: Ali lights the flame at the 1996 Olympics". ESPN. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ Thornburgh, Tristan (July 19, 2013). "On Today's Date: Muhammad Ali Lights the Torch at the 1996 Olympics". Bleacher Report. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
- ^ Luckhurst, Samuel (May 31, 2012). "London 2012 Olympics Countdown: Muhammad Ali Prompts Tears At Atlanta 1996". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 8, 2013.