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The seven rays is a concept that has appeared in several religions and esoteric philosophies in both Western culture and in India since at least the sixth century BCE. They are also known as chohans or angels from heaven.

In occidental culture, it can be seen in early Western mystery traditions, such as Gnosticism and Mithraism, and in texts and iconic art of the Catholic Church as early as the Byzantine Empire.[1][2][3][4] In India, the concept has been part of Hindu religious philosophy and scripture since at least the Vishnu Purana, dating from the post-Vedic era.[5][6][7]

Beginning in the late 19th century, the seven rays appeared in a modified and elaborated form in the teachings of Theosophy, first presented by Helena Blavatsky.[8] The Theosophical concept of the seven rays was further developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the writings of Theosophist Charles Webster Leadbeater, and by other authors such as Alice Bailey, Manly P. Hall, and others — notably including the teachings of Benjamin Creme and his group Share International,[9] as well as the philosophies of organizations such as Temple of the People,[10] "I AM" Activity,[11] The Bridge to Freedom, The Summit Lighthouse,[8][12] The Temple of The Presence (1995)[13] and various other organizations promulgating Ascended Master Teachings, a group of religious teachings based on Theosophy.

As the New Age movement of the mid-to-late 20th century developed, the seven rays concept appeared as an element of metaphysical healing methods, such as Reiki and other modalities,[14][15] and in esoteric astrology.[16]

In Antiquity

In ancient Greek mythology, Zeus takes the bull form known as Taurus in order to win Europa. Taurus is also associated with Aphrodite and other goddesses, as well as with Pan and Dionysus. The face of Taurus "gleams with seven rays of fire."[17]

The Chaldean Oracles of the 2nd century CE feature the seven rays as purifying agents of Helios, symbolism featured in Mithraic liturgy as well.[18] Later, in the 4th century, Emperor Julian Saturnalia composed a Hymn to the Solemn Sun, and in his Hymn to the Mother of the Gods spoke of "unspeakable mysteries hidden from the crowd such as Julian the Chaldean prophesied concerning the god of the seven rays." In Greek Gnostic magic of the same era, colored gemstones were often used as talismans for medicine or healing; they were often engraved with a symbol borrowed from the Egyptian deity Chnuphis — a hooded serpent or great snake. The snake was shown with a lion's head, from which emanated either twelve or seven rays. The twelve rays represented the zodiac, and the seven rays represented the planets, usually with the seven Greek vowels engraved at the tips of the seven rays. The reverse sides of the talismans were engraved with a snake twisting around a vertical rod. These were known as "Gnostic amulets" and were sometimes also engraved with the names Iao Sabao (the Archon Iao).[19] Gnostic gems with Abraxas also featured the seven rays.[20]

In Catholicism

The Annunciation
Jan van Eyck, 1434
Seven rays of light descend from the upper window

In early Christian iconography, the dove of the Holy Ghost is often shown with an emanation of seven rays, as is the image of the Madonna, often in conjunction with a dove or doves.[1][21] The Monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, circa 565 CE, shows the Transfiguration of Christ in the apse mosaic, with "seven rays of light shining from the luminous body of Christ over the apostles Peter, James and John."[4] In the present-day Byzantine-style St. Louis Cathedral in Missouri, the center of the sanctuary has an engraved circle with many symbols of the Holy Trinity. The inscription reads: "Radiating from this symbol are seven rays of light representing the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost."[3]

During the 12th century, Saint Norbert of Xanten, founder of the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré, discovered the spot where the relics of Saint Ursula and her companions of Saint Gereon and of other martyrs lay hidden while in a dream. In the dream that led him to this location, he was guided by "the seven rays of light ... surrounding the head of the crucified Redeemer."[2]

The Annunciation is an oil painting by Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, from around 1434 to 1436. The picture depicts the Annunciation by the Archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she will bear the Son of God (Luke 1:26-38). In a prominent element of the complex iconographic work, the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit descend to her on seven rays of light from the upper window to the left, with the dove symbolising the Holy Spirit following the same path.[22] The seven rays on which the doves descend are unique elements in the painting in that they are of the heavenly realm rather than the earthly realm, with the difference shown by the artist through the use of gold leaf rather than ordinary oil paint. Only the seven rays are so treated, and — while all of the other light sources in the painting cast shadows — the seven rays do not.[23]

The Italian secret society of the late 17th century, Knights of the Apocalypse, was founded with the professed aim to defend the Catholic Church against the expected Antichrist, though it was accused of having political motives as well. They wore on their breasts a star with seven rays.[24]

In Hindu scripture

The seven-armed Agni with his wife.

Agni is a Hindu and Vedic deity depicted in three forms: fire, lightning and the sun. In Hindu art, Agni is depicted with two or seven hands, two heads and three legs. On each head, he has seven fiery tongues, with which he licks sacrificial butter. He rides a ram or a chariot harnessed by fiery horses. His attributes are an axe, a torch, prayer beads and a flaming spear. Agni is represented as red and two-faced, suggesting both his destructive and his beneficent qualities, and with black eyes and hair. Seven rays of light emanate from his body.[25]

The Vishnu Purana, a post-Vedic scripture, describes how Vishnu "enters into the seven solar rays which dilate into seven suns." These are the "seven principal solar rays," the source of heat even to the planet Jupiter, and the "seven suns into which the seven solar rays dilate at the consummation of all things...."[6]

The 20th-century Hindu scholar, poet and mystic Sri Aurobindo described the Vedic seven rays of knowledge, or Agni, as "the seven forms of the Thought-principle" and wrote that "the seven brilliant horses of the sun and their full union constitutes the seven-headed Thought of Ayasya by which the lost sun of Truth is recovered. That thought is again established in the seven rivers, the seven principles of being divine and human, the totality of which founds the perfect spiritual existence."[7]

Syncretistic interpretations

Egyptologist Gerald Massey wrote in 1881 of what he described as connections between Vedic scripture, ancient Egyptian mythology and the Gospel stories.[26] He theorized that the Archon Iao, the "Seven-rayed Sun-God of the Gnostic-stones" was also the "Serpent Chnubis," and "the Second Beast in the Book of Revelation."[27] In 1900, he elaborated further, describing the unity of "the seven souls of the Pharaoh," "the seven arms of the Hindu god Agni," "the seven stars in the hand of the Christ in Revelation," and "the seven rays of the Chaldean god Heptaktis, or Iao, on the Gnostic stones."[28]

Samuel Fales Dunlap, wrote in 1894:

Moses was of the race of the Chaldeans. The Chaldean Mithra had his Seven Rays, and Moses his Seven Days. The other planets which circling around the sun lead the dance as round the King of heaven receive from him with the light also their powers; while as the light comes to them from the sun so from him they receive their powers that he pours out into the Seven Spheres of the Seven Planets of which the sun is the centre.

Dunlap wrote that the idea of spirit as the ultimate cause is present in all of the great religions of the East (which in the terminology of his time included the area now known as the Near East or Middle East), and that this idea can be found in "the Seven Rays of the Chaldaean Mithra and the Seven Days of Genesis. From the Sun came fire and spirit." According to Dunlap, "this was the astronomical religion of the Chaldeans, Jews, Persians, Syrians, Phoenicians and Egyptians."[29]

Dunlap compared the nimbus of Apollo to the seven rays of Dionysus, presiding over the orbits of the seven planets. The seven rays are found also in the Chaldean mystery of "the God of the Seven Rays, who held the Seven Stars in his hand, through whom (as Chaldaeans supposed) the souls were raised." Prior to the Christian era, this deity was known as Iao (the first birth) or Sabaoth (the Sun), and later described as "Christos of the Resurrection of Souls."[30]

In the late 1940s, art historian and writer Ananda Coomaraswamy was curator in the department of Asiatic Art at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and built the first large collection of Indian art in the United States. His writings in the field of perennial philosophy and the Traditionalist School included complex essays collating symbols of ancient wisdom and metaphysics from widely diverse cultures including Indian, Islamic, Chinese, Hellenic, and Christian sources. He wrote that the seven rays of the sun appear in both Hindu and Christian symbolism, representing similar concepts, and in particular the symbolism of the seventh ray that "corresponds to the distinction of transcendent from immanent and of infinite from finite." He added that of "our Axis of the Universe (skambha, divo dharuna, etc.) and Islamic Qutb,” the seventh ray alone passes through the Sun to the suprasolar Brahma worlds, "where no sun shines" (“all that is under the Sun being in the power of Death, and all beyond immortal”).[31]

In Theosophy

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Syncretism is one of the core principles of Theosophy, a religious philosophy originating with Helena Petrovna Blavatsky from the 1870s, and the seven rays appear repeatedly in the related writings. Theosophy holds that all religions are attempts by the "Spiritual Hierarchy" to help humanity in evolving to greater perfection, and that each religion therefore has a portion of the truth.

Blavatsky wrote in the first book of The Secret Doctrine of an " analogy between the Aryan or Brahmanical and the Egyptian esotericism" and that the "seven rays of the Chaldean Heptakis or Iao, on the Gnostic stones" represent the seven large stars of the Egyptian "Great Bear" constellation, the seven elemental powers, and the Hindu "seven Rishis." She stated that the seven rays of the Vedic sun deity Vishnu represent the same concept as the "astral fluid or 'Light' of the Kabalists," and that the seven emanations of the lower seven sephiroth are the "primeval seven rays," and "will be found and recognized in every religion."[32]

In the second volume of the Secret Doctrine, Blavatsky discusses the "seven nervous plexuses of the body" and the seven rays they radiate, stating that this principle is found in the Rig Veda, in the mythology of Ahura Mazda, in the beliefs of the Incas, the Chinese Yao, and the Egyptian Osiris, who "when he enters the ark, or solar boat, takes seven Rays with him." She describes the "seven wise ones" of the Veda as "the seven Rays which fall free from the macrocosmic centre".[33]

Blavatsky summarizes the syncretistic principle of her doctrine as it relates to the seven rays:

"...a key which reveals to us on indisputable grounds of comparative analogy... the Indian phœnix, the emblem of cyclic and periodical time, the "man-lion" Singha, of whose representations the so-called "gnostic gems" are so full. Over the seven rays of the lion's crown, and corresponding to their points, stand, in many cases, the seven vowels of the Greek alphabet AEHIOYW, testifying to the Seven Heavens. This is the Solar lion and the emblem of the Solar cycle, as Garuda is that of the great cycle, the "Maha-Kalpa" co-eternal with Vishnu, and also, of course, the emblem of the Sun, and Solar cycle. ... As well remarked by C. W. King: — "Whatever the primary meaning (of the gem with the solar lion and vowels) it was probably imported in its present shape from India, that true fountain head of gnostic iconography." (Gnostics, p. 218)[34]

In the third volume of the Secret Doctrine, published posthumously, Blavatsky described the "Seven Primeval Rays" as a group of celestial beings also known as "Gods" or "Angels" or "Powers". She stated that this symbolism was "adopted later on by the Christian Religion as the 'Seven Angels of the Presence.'"[35]

In Theosophy, the seven rays are said to be seven major types of Light-Substance (spirit/matter) (waves/particles) that compose the created universes. These are also believed to convey "Divine Qualities".[36]

C.W. Leadbeater

C.W. Leadbeater gave a list showing the characteristic type of magic for each ray. This list indicates what he regarded as the most compatible type of magic to be performed by persons on each ray (although anyone of any ray can do any of these various types of magic).[37]

New Age teachings

According to Alice A. Bailey, each person has a soul ray that remains the same through all their incarnations, and a personality ray that is different for each incarnation. Each ray is also correspondent with certain Masters of Wisdom, and with particular planets, cycles, nations, etc. The seven rays are the basis for what Alice A. Bailey called New Age Psychology—she divides everyone in the human race into these seven psychological types.[38]

Bailey stated that the seven rays that reach us on Earth locally originate within the "Solar Logos," i.e., the consciousness of the "Divine Being" of the Sun. According to Alice A. Bailey and Benjamin Creme, the seven rays are focused to the Solar Logos, through Sirius, the seven stars of the Big Dipper in the Great Bear, and the seven major stars of the Pleiades form the "Galactic Logos," (the consciousness of the "Divine Being" of the Milky Way Galaxy), and have their ultimate origin within the mind of God.[38]

On the local planetary level, it is believed that the seven rays are transmitted from the Solar Logos through the God of our planet, Sanat Kumara, then through the spiritual hierarchy of our planet which includes the "Masters of Wisdom" [38](Some writings term them the Ascended Masters or the Great White Brotherhood).

Each of the seven rays is believed to be associated with a different kind of occult energy, and a different color.

Qualities of the seven rays

The seven rays are listed below:

Alice A. Bailey and the Church Universal and Triumphant assign different colors and in some cases different Masters to each of the seven rays. In Letters on Occult Meditation, Alice Bailey indicates that there is no simple correspondence between the rays and these colors. The colors, Masters, and Retreats indicated here are those indicated by both Alice Bailey and the Church Universal and Triumphant.

According to Alice A. Bailey the Masters live in immortal bodies at a residence on the physical plane at the indicated location (although a given Master may physically travel extensively incognito to various locations, become invisible, teleport to various locations, and walk through walls, as well as influence humans telepathically and travel on the inner planes, as required by the demands of his spiritual work).

According to the Church Universal and Triumphant, and other Ascended Master Activities, each Master is believed to serve at a Retreat on the physical or etheric plane at the geographical location shown after their name.[39]

The "Gifts of the Holy Spirit" of the Church Universal and Triumphant for each ray are shown. For both Alice A. Bailey and the Church Universal and Triumphant, each ray has a jewel which is believed to focus the energy of that ray, which is indicated.


Alice A. Bailey

Ray Concept "Expression" Colours[40] Astrological planets[41] Astrological signs[41] Wisdom Masters
First "Will or Power"[42][43] "The basic Reservoir of Power"[42] Red Vulcan and Pluto Taurus and Pisces Manu, Morya[43]
Second "Love-wisdom"[43][44] "Magnetism"[44] Blue Sun and Jupiter Leo and Virgo Christ,[43] Koot Humi, and Djwhal Khul[45]
Third "Adaptability"[46] or "Active Intelligence"[43] "Instinct"[46] Green Earth and Saturn Gemini and Libra Mahachohan[43]
Fourth Beauty or Harmony[44][47] or "Harmony through Conflict"[48] "Uniformity of Colour"[44] or "Experience. Growth."[48] Yellow Mercury and Moon Scorpio and Aquarius Serapis[49]
Fifth Concrete Knowledge or Science[47][48][50] "Intellect"[48] Orange Venus Capricorn Master Hilarion, Paul of Tarsus (158)[49]
Sixth "Devotion"[44][46][47] or "Abstract Idealism"[50] "Intellect"[48] Violet Neptune and Mars Cancer and Sagittarius Master Jesus[50]
Seventh "Organisation and Ritual"[47] or "Ceremonial organization"[42] or "Ceremonial Magic or Order"[50] "Radioactivity"[42] Indigo Uranus Aries Master Rakoczi[50]

The Summit Lighthouse[51]

Ray Colour Wisdom Master Retreat Quality Chakra Day Gift of the Holy Spirit Jewel
1st ray Power of God Blue

Cyan

Master El Morya Darjeeling, India Strength

Balance

Will

Throat (5th) Tuesday Faith in God's will

Protection

Diamond

Sapphire

Star Sapphire

Lapis Lazuli

2nd ray Wisdom of God Yellow

Gold

Kuthumi Grand Teton, Wyoming, United States Wisdom

Understanding

Illumination

Crown (7th) Sunday Intelligence

Knowledge

Yellow Diamond

Yellow Sapphire

Topaz

3rd ray Love of God Pink

Rose

Paul the Venetian Château de Liberté, S. France

Temple of the Sun, New York

Goodness

Compromise

Beauty

Heart (4th) Monday Discerning of spirits

Creativity

Ruby

Diamond

Garnet

Rose quartz

Pink Beryl

4th ray Purity of God White

Crystal

Serapis Bey Luxor, Egypt Purity

Resurrection

Joy

Base of the Spine (1st) Friday Working of miracles Diamond

Pearl

Zircon

Quartz crystal

5th ray Truth of God Green

Gold

Hilarion Crete, Greece Health

Consecration

Focus

Third Eye (6th) Wednesday Healing Emerald

Diamond

Jade

Quartz crystal

6th ray Peace of God Purple

Gold Ruby

Lady Master Nada Arabian Peninsula Peace

Service

Brotherhood

Solar Plexus (3rd) Thursday Diverse kinds of tongues and interpretation Ruby

Topaz

Alexandrite

Diamond with pearl

7th ray Freedom of God Violet

Amethyst

Saint Germain Transylvania, Romania

Table Mountain, Wyoming, United States

Freedom

Mercy

Compassion

Seat of the Soul (2nd) Saturday Prophecy

Working of Miracles

Amethyst

Diamond

Aquamarine

In the mid-to-late 20th century, as the New Age movement gained in popularity, the concept and imagery of the seven rays appeared in a variety of settings.

In esoteric astrology, the seven rays are considered to be split into three groups: the first two rays represent Will and Wisdom, respectively, and the remaining five rays together form the group that represents Activity.[16] In a style of Reiki adapted by Carolyn E. Jackson the student passes through a sequence of levels by mastering the "key" to each level. The key for the second level is known as the key of "oneness" and is attained by passing through each of the seven rays.[14] This, however, is not part of traditional Reiki or other versions of the Reiki system.[52][53]

According to psychic counselor Samantha Stevens, an individual can use affirmations, candles, color therapy, vibrational medicines and other methods to contact "archangels," which she defines as the "seven rays," based on Buddhist and Christian theories: "The Rays or Divine Flames (as they are sometimes called) represent elements in the perfectly integrated human being - one whose heart is aligned with their will and inspired by the Divine Imagination."[54]

Light therapist and Radionics Practitioner Primrose Cooper writes that in using light as a healing modality, she finds it helpful to use the seven rays as defined in Theosophy to assist her clients in finding "psychological insight into their soul's purpose."[15]

In recent years, there was the creation of a secretive group named "The Keepers of the Seven Rays". Their philosophy is the human being has seven emanations in which it finds itself, or connects with the Higher Self. These emanations are extensions of the Higher Self or otherwise called the Higher Will. These emanations reach out like arms and grasp onto the knowledge(of all types) needed for the full development of the individual into his/her Higher Potential. All a human has to do to use these emanations is to know basic moral law, what their body and/or psyche can and cannot handle, and listen.

Metaphysical philosopher Gurdjieff writes frequently of his "Seven Rays of Creation". According to Gurdjieff, the Seven Rays of Creation are the seven manifestations of Energy in our Universe. The first Ray contains all things (THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE) and all things obey the laws inherent in the First Ray. The First Ray then manifests itself in the 2nd Realm, the realm of Galaxies. From Galaxies to Solar Systems, Solar Systems to Planets. From Planets to Organisms on the planets, etc.[55]

Music
  • The progressive rock band Utopia performed a song entitled "The Seven Rays." The lyrics of the song center around the philosophies associated with the seven rays concepts popular with the new age movement, with much focus on the colors associated with each ray.
  • Another progressive rock band, Hawkwind, have a song about the seven rays titled Seven by Seven.
  • Mike Pinder of The Moody Blues refers heavily to the "seven rays" and the "Light of Seven" in his solo album "The Promise".
  • The pop band Erasure refers to the Violet Flame through the title of their 2014 album, The Violet Flame.
Literature

Further reading

  • Abraham, Kurt. "Great Souls: The Seven Rays at the Soul Level" School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press, 2002.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "Techniques of Soul Alignment: The Rays, the Subtle Bodies, and the Use of Keywords." School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press: 1997.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "Balancing the Pairs of Opposites; The Seven Rays and Education, and Other Essays in Esoteric Psychology." School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press, 1993.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "The Seven Rays and Nations: France and the United States Compared." School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press, 1987.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "Introduction to the Seven Rays" School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press: 1986.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "Threefold Method for Understanding the Seven Rays." School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press, 1984.
  • Abraham, Kurt. "Psychological Types and the Seven Rays." School for the Study of the Seven Rays, Lampus Press: 1983.
  • Bailey, Alice A. The Seven Rays of Life New York: 1995—Lucis Publishing Co. Compilation from all the Alice A. Bailey books of material about the seven rays.
  • Baker, Douglas The Seven Rays: Key to the Mysteries Essendon, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom:1977 Baker Publications
  • Creme, Benjamin Maitreya's Mission Amsterdam: 1986 – Share International Foundation.
  • Hodson, Geoffrey The Seven Human Temperaments Adyar, Madras, India: 1952—The Theosophical Publishing House.
  • Hone, Mo. "The Seven Rays Today" A New Appreciation of the Ageless Wisdom and Esoteric Astrology. Pluto Network (UK) 2006
  • Leadbetter, C.W. The Masters and the Path Adyar, Madras, India: 1925—The Theosophical Publishing House.
  • Prophet, Mark Studies of the Human Aura Colorado Springs, Colorado: 1975 – Summit University Press (Claimed to have been dictated from "Kuthumi") Chart on pages 120–121 of the seven rays from the perspective of The Summit Lighthouse.
  • Wood, Ernest The Seven Rays Wheaton, Illinois, U.S.A.: 1925—Theosophical Publishing House

References

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  2. ^ a b Daniello Bartoli (1855). History of the Life and Institute of St. Ignatius de Loyola: Founder of the Society of Jesus (Original from the New York Public Library, 2006 ed.). E. Dunigan. p. 324. God has sometimes announced beforehand the rise, works, and merits, whether of certain Orders whom He has sent to the assistance of His Church or of their founders. We find examples of this in the dream He made known ... in the seven rays of light which appeared to St. Norbert, surrounding the head of the crucified Redeemer, and the pilgrims who came to him from the uttermost extremities of the earth...
  3. ^ a b edited by Roy Joseph (1969). Essays on Catholic Education in the United States. Ayer Publishing. p. 392. ISBN 0-8369-1347-7. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ a b Silvia Schroer; Thomas Staubli (2001). "Translated by Linda M. Maloney". Body Symbolism in the Bible. Liturgical Press. p. 92. ISBN 0-8146-5954-3.
  5. ^ Colebrooke, Henry Thomas (1858). Essays on the Religion and Philosophy of the Hindus. Williams and Norgate. pp. 79, 83, 119. Reprinted from 'Asiatic researches' and from the 'Transactions of the Royal Asiatic society.' Original from Harvard University.
  6. ^ a b Garrett, John (1871). A Classical Dictionary of India: Illustrative of the Mythology, Philosophy, Literature, Antiquities, Arts, Manners, Customs, &c. of the Hindus. Higginbotham and Co. pp. 41, 48, 99, 203, 216, 242, 314, 452, 621, 627. Director of Public Instruction, Mysore, India; Original from Oxford University
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  9. ^ Creme, Benjamin. The Ageless Wisdom Teaching Share International Foundation 1996. This book presents an introduction to that great body of wisdom underlying the spiritual teachings of all groups throughout the ages
  10. ^ The Teachings of the Temple (Halcyon, California: The Temple of the People, 1948) Volume I, Lesson 45, "The Seven Rays of Evolution."
  11. ^ Saint Germain Foundation. The History of the "I AM" Activity and Saint Germain Foundation. Schaumburg, Illinois: Saint Germain Press 2003
  12. ^ Lewis, James R. Church Universal and Triumphant in Scholarly Perspective Center For Academic Publication 1994
  13. ^ White Paper - Wesak World Congress 2002. Acropolis Sophia Books & Works 2003.
  14. ^ a b Carolyn E. Jackson (2004). The Spirit of Reiki. Innate Foundation Publishing. pp. 122–128. ISBN 0-9745866-1-7.
  15. ^ a b Primrose Cooper (2001). The Healing Power of Light: A Comprehensive Guide to the Healing and Transformative Powers of Light. Weiser. pp. 115–116. ISBN 1-57863-231-5.
  16. ^ a b Alan Leo (1989). Esoteric Astrology. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company. p. 21. ISBN 0-89281-181-1.
  17. ^ Ovid, Fasti, v.164.
  18. ^ "The Chaldean oracles: text, translation, and commentary" by Julianus (the Theurgist.), Ruth Dorothy Majercik, ed., p.38
  19. ^ Lynn Thorndike (1958). A History of Magic and Experimental Science. Columbia University Press. pp. 317–318, 379. ISBN 0-231-08794-2.
  20. ^ "Part III. Abraxas, Abraxaster, and Abraxoid Gems." The Gnostics and Their Remains, by Charles William King, (1887), page 218
  21. ^ Marjorie O'Rourke Boyle (1997). Divine Domesticity: Augustine of Thagaste to Teresa of Avila. BRILL. p. 176. ISBN 90-04-10675-8.
  22. ^ "Jan van Eyck, Netherlandish, c. 1390 - 1441, The Annunciation, c. 1434/1436". National Gallery of Art. The Holy Spirit descends to her on seven rays of light. This is the moment God's plan for salvation is set in motion. Through Christ's human incarnation the old era of the Law is transformed into a new era of Grace.
  23. ^ Gifford, E. Melanie, The Art Bulletin, March 1999:Van Eyck's Washington 'Annunciation': technical evidence for iconographic development. Page references are to online version. online text
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  25. ^ The Book of Hindu Imagery: Gods, Manifestations and Their Meaning By Eva Rudy Jansen p. 64
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  27. ^ Gerald Massey (1998). The Natural Genesis (from original published circa 1881 ed.). Black Classic Press. pp. 366, 369.
  28. ^ Gerald Massey (1992). Gerald Massey's Lectures (from original published posthumously circa 1900 ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 200.
  29. ^ Samuel Fales Dunlap (1894). The Ghebers of Hebron: An Introduction to the Gheborim in the Lands of the Sethim, the Mithra mysteries &c (Original from the University of California ed.). G Redway & JW Bouton. pp. reface, iii–vi.
  30. ^ Samuel Fales Dunlap (1894). The Ghebers of Hebron: An Introduction to the Gheborim in the Lands of the Sethim, the Mithramsyteries &c (Original from the University of California ed.). G. Redway & JW Bouton. pp. 275, 363, 369, 372, 649, 644, 675, 757, 856–7, 958.
  31. ^ Ananda K. Coomaraswamy (1877-1947) (1997). "Contributor Rama P. Coomaraswamy". The Door in the Sky: Coomaraswamy on Myth and Meaning (from originals in the Bollingen Series 1940-1947 ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 49, 191, 198. ISBN 0-691-01747-6. 'Coomaraswamy's essays [give] us a view of his scholarship and brilliant insight'.--Joseph Campbell; 'There are many who consider Coomaraswamy as one of the great seminal minds of this century.... This selection of his papers should go into every library'.--Kathleen Raine, The [London] Times{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1893). The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy (Original from Harvard University (2 volumes) ed.). Theosophical Publishing Society. vol 1, p 129–130, 523, 573–4.
  33. ^ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1893). The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy (Original from Harvard University (2 volumes) ed.). Theosophical Publishing Society. vol 2, p 143, 191.
  34. ^ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1893). The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy (Original from Harvard University (2 volumes) ed.). Theosophical Publishing Society. vol 2, p 564–5.
  35. ^ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (2004). Occultism Of The Secret Doctrine (originally published in 1897 ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. art I, page 369. ISBN 1-4179-1104-2.
  36. ^ Carson, Reed. Blavatsky' Foreknowledge of The Wave/Particle Duality of Light Archived 2006-09-27 at the Wayback Machine 1997. "It would also be incorrect to claim light is fully explained as a particle. Rather it has a dual nature possessing the properties of both wave and particle. In general, electromagnetic radiation acts more like waves in the radio wave end of the spectrum, more like particles in the x-ray end of the spectrum, and usually (but not always) like a wave in the "middle" light area of the spectrum in our everyday experience. Her ambiguity, then, reflects a fact in nature, the wave/particle duality of nature."
  37. ^ Leadbetter, C.W. The Masters and the Path Adyar, Madras, India: 1925--The Theosophical Publishing House. Chart on P. 229 lists Characteristic Magic of each Ray.
  38. ^ a b c Bailey, Alice A. The Seven Rays of Life New York: 1995—Lucis Publishing Co. Compilation from all the Alice A. Bailey books of material about the seven rays.
  39. ^ Prophet, Mark L. and Prophet, Elizabeth Clare (Compiled and edited by Annice Booth) The Masters and Their Retreats Corwin Springs, Montana: 2003 Summit University Press "The Retreats of the Ascended Masters" Pages 395-492
  40. ^ Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 59
  41. ^ a b Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 81
  42. ^ a b c d Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 140
  43. ^ a b c d e f Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 155
  44. ^ a b c d e Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 144
  45. ^ Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 156
  46. ^ a b c Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 145
  47. ^ a b c d Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 139
  48. ^ a b c d e Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 147
  49. ^ a b Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 158
  50. ^ a b c d e Bailey, The Seven Rays of Life, p. 159
  51. ^ Prophet, Mark, Prophet, Elizabeth Clare, Lords of the Seven Rays Livingston, Montana: 1986 - Summit University Press, Chart on page 11 of the lords of the seven rays and their retreats. Seven Sacred Rays of the Ascended Masters.
  52. ^ The Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkai Handbook
  53. ^ Bronwen & Frans Steine (2003). The Reiki Sourcebook. O Books. ISBN 1-903816-55-6.
  54. ^ Samantha Stevens (2003). The Seven Rays: A Universal Guide to the Archangels. Insomniac Press. p. 22 et al. ISBN 1-894663-49-7.
  55. ^ Gurdjieff Legacy
  56. ^ Stirling, S.M. (2008). The Scourge of God. New York, NY: ROC. ISBN 9781440638114.
  57. ^ Stirling, S.M. (2009). "15". The Sword of the Lady. New York, NY: ROC.
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