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Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station

Coordinates: 40°53′21″N 73°53′55″W / 40.889222°N 73.898583°W / 40.889222; -73.898583
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 Van Cortlandt Park–242 Street
 "1" train
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Looking south from the north end of the tracks, a 1 train enters Track 1. Another 1 train sits at Track 4.
Station statistics
AddressWest 242nd Street & Broadway
Bronx, NY 10471
BoroughThe Bronx
LocaleRiverdale & Fieldston
Coordinates40°53′21″N 73°53′55″W / 40.889222°N 73.898583°W / 40.889222; -73.898583
DivisionA (IRT)[1]
Line   IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Services   1 all times (all times)
Transit
StructureElevated
Platforms1 island platform (in service)
2 side platforms (unused)
Spanish solution
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedAugust 1, 1908; 116 years ago (1908-08-01)
Accessiblenot ADA-accessible; accessibility planned
Opposite-
direction
transfer		N/A
Former/other names242 St–Van Cortlandt Park[a]
Traffic
20231,409,910[2] Increase 4.4%
Rank223 out of 423[2]
Services
Preceding station New York City Subway New York City Subway Following station
Terminus
Local 		238th Street
toward South Ferry
Location
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station is located in New York City Subway
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station is located in New York City
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station is located in New York
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station
Track layout

Legend
to 238th Street
to Dyckman Street
Street map

Map

Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times
242nd Street - Van Cortlandt Park Station (IRT)
ArchitectHeins and Lafarge
Architectural styleVictorian Gothic
MPSNew York City Subway System MPS
NRHP reference No.05000226[3]
Added to NRHPMarch 30, 2003

The Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station is the northern terminal station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 242nd Street and Broadway (US Route 9) in the Bronx, it is served by the 1 train at all times. It is adjacent to Van Cortlandt Park to the east, Manhattan College, and the 240th Street Yard of the subway system, along with the affluent neighborhoods of Fieldston and Riverdale to the west.

It was built from a design by subway architects Heins and Lafarge. Today it is the only remaining Victorian Gothic elevated terminal station on the subway, and contains the subway's only remaining scrolled station sign among its decorative flourishes. In 2005, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

Construction and opening

Refer to caption
West side of the station, with white windscreens; the station exit is visible in the background

The station was built as part of the Contract 1 system erected from 1904–1908, connecting Lower Manhattan to the Bronx. Originally the northern terminus was intended to be Bailey Avenue and 230th Street, a block southeast of the current station at 231st Street. After the completion of the Harlem River Ship Canal at the end of the 19th century, the line was rerouted to a new terminus at 242nd Street. Like many of the other terminal stations in the outer boroughs, it was located near a park.[5]

Heins and LaFarge, who had already designed the Cathedral of St. John the Divine near Columbia University and the Astor Court at the Bronx Zoo, were commissioned to design the stations. In the early 1890s, the city's transit commissioners had recommended that subway stations be painted and decorated in order to make the experience of using the system pleasant. They took further inspiration from the contemporary City Beautiful movement, which called for beautiful public architecture in the hope that it would inspire citizens to act virtuously.[5]

Their use of the Victorian Gothic architectural style reflected its popularity at that time for train stations. The six elevated stations they built in that style on the Contract 1 are extensively decorated on their exterior surfaces, complementing the corresponding tilework and mosaics in the underground stations. 242nd Street, which opened on August 1, 1908,[6] is the only elevated terminal station left in that style from Contract 1.[5]

Within a few years of the station's opening, ridership on the line north of 157th Street increased sharply. In 1913, 3.1 million tickets were sold at the Van Cortlandt Park station. Undeveloped lots along Broadway to the city's northern limit were quickly bought by builders hoping to profit from the boom in luxury houses, which could reach the subway through streetcar lines as well. At that time, it was expected that the line would be extended to 262nd Street.[7] The Horace Mann School was built to serve this population.[8]

Later years

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway.[9]: 168  As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $49.1 million in 2023) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $16.4 million in 2023) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.[10]: 15  The side platforms at the 242nd Street station were extended 62 feet (19 m) to the south.[10]: 114  Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910,[9]: 168  and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911.[9]: 168 [11]

In 1947, Jack Kerouac passed through the station, then a busy trolley hub, at the end of the first leg of his escape from the city in what became On the Road. His goal was to reach U.S. Route 6 at the Bear Mountain Bridge and use it as a route along which to go West to Denver. The attempt failed when he found very little traffic on Route 6 to hitch rides from, and he returned to the city to take a bus instead.[12]

The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940.[13][14] The IRT routes were given numbered designations in 1948 with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. [15] The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1.[16] In 1959, all 1 trains became local.[17]

In 2019, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority announced that this station would become ADA-accessible as part of the agency's 2020–2024 Capital Program.[18]

Station layout

A staircase from the sidewalk to the elevated station house. It has decorative railings with peeling black paint.
Street stair
Platform level Side platform, not in service
Track 4 "1" train toward South Ferry (238th Street) →
(No service: Dyckman Street)
Island platform
Track 1 "1" train toward South Ferry (238th Street) →
(No service: Dyckman Street)
Side platform, not in service
Mezzanine Fare control, station agent, MetroCard and OMNY machines
Ground Street level Exit/entrance

The station is served by the 1 at all times.[19] It is the northern terminus of the 1 train; the next stop to the south is 238th Street.[20] There are three components to the station: the platforms, a control house perpendicular to the tracks at the north end, and a crew quarters building spanning the platform at the south end. From the northeast corner an overpass crosses the through-traffic lanes of Broadway. Two stairs descend in either direction from its end, matching the two stairs that descend to the sidewalk from the west of the control house.[5]

Just south of the station, the line widens to three tracks, which is the configuration up to just before Dyckman Street.

Location

The station is located 29 feet (8.8 m) above the west side of the street, where parking is located on either side of where West 242nd Street intersects from the west. On that side of the street are commercial buildings, including a large parking garage on the southwest corner; the east side has the track, football field, tennis courts, swimming pools and other athletic facilities of Van Cortlandt Park. Also in the park nearby, to the northeast, is the Van Cortlandt House Museum, a National Historic Landmark. The 240th Street Yard is beyond the parking garage to the southwest, next to the campus of Manhattan College, a few blocks west of the station.

Platforms

The platform level on a snowy day, on the center island platform. A train is stopped on the left-hand track. On the right is another, empty track, as well as a disused side platform with a white windscreen.
Track 1, with the island platform on the left and a side platform on the right

There is one island platform and two side platforms. The station was formerly set up as a Spanish solution with alighting passengers using the side platforms and boarding passengers using the island platform. Now, only the center island platform is open to the public for boarding and disembarking from trains.[21] They are floored in concrete and sheltered with a wooden roof covered in standing-seam metal supported by trussed steel T-frames on the side platforms and timber in the center. Rounded rafter tails project from the eaves. The sides, except for the open southernmost section, have had metal windscreen added.[5]

Under the canopies are modern fluorescent lights. On the eastern platform, the original iron railings support original lights, with dish-shaped downlights on a curved stem. At the south end is the only scrolled station sign remaining anywhere in the subway system. The western platform has its original railing and modern lights.[5]

Control house

A decorative one-story red building on green steel supports above a street with a red-roofed stair leading up to it. The middle of the building projects slightly forward and its roof is slightly higher than the rest of the building.
Control house

The control house is the dominant architectural feature of the station. The copper-clad timber frame exterior is painted in a vertical, batten seam pattern. It is topped with a low hipped roof clad in sheet metal and pierced by two ventilating dormer windows on the east and west side. A fleur-de-lis–patterned group of finials at the peak.[5]

On the north facade, narrow casement windows are echoed by recessed panels below. The groups of five in the section on either side of the projecting central bay window are flanked by blind openings. The bay is supported by corbeled brackets and topped with a fan gable above the overhanging eaves at the roofline. Its tripartite narrow windows are surrounded by recessed panels with inset circles on the sides and above.[5]

At both sides are steel frame parapets with wooden decks. These connect the western stairs and overpass to the control house. The stairs combine structural steel and decorative cast iron. Their supports are braced steel Tuscan columns. Gabled standing-seam metal canopies with box fluorescent lighting over the stairs are on narrow supports with slightly fluted capitals. At street level are gabled entries whose support columns are decorated with a geometric pattern similar to that on the control house's projecting bay window. C-shaped brackets support the original signage, now painted over.[5]

An elevated railroad track above a city street in winter, with two buildings. The smaller one, on the left, is pale yellow and narrow. The larger one at right, gray with a red stripe, is box-shaped and elevated over the tracks
Old signal building and crew quarters

The steel-framed overpass is an architecturally sympathetic addition. Railings are a more restrained version of the original railings found on the platform. It is floored in wood plank and roofed with slats covered by standing seam metal. At its west end is a covered veranda leading into the control house.[5]

On the inside, the control house is floored in wood plank as well. The walls are finished in a mix of solid and tongue and groove wood paneling. Tall riveted steel arches support the ceiling. The main waiting area has niches where modern heaters have replaced the original pot-bellied stoves. There is a modern steel and glass token booth and turnstile bank, along with MetroCard vending machines. Former restrooms have been converted into utility and storage rooms.[5]

Crew quarters

The crew quarters building is located at the south end of the platforms. It is a one-story building sided in corrugated metal with a flat roof, elevated over the tracks and platforms at that end. The siding has been given the appearance of clapboard and painted gray. A belt course corresponding to the top of the windows has been painted red, the color of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue trunk line, on both side elevations; it is augmented with a series of blocks in the same color descending towards the tracks on the north end.[5]

At the south end, a series of projecting nested bays descends to an entrance to track level. To its south is an old signal house also sided in metal. The crew quarters can also be entered from the center platform. Its interior is given over to employee-related functions and is not open to the public.

Exits

At the north end of the station, past fare control, there are four stairs that lead down to Broadway. Two go to the west side of Broadway, and two go to the east side. These are the station's only exits.[22]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Used on platform signs and most R62A destination rollsigns

References

  1. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  3. ^ "NPS Focus". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  4. ^ "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Howe, Kathleen (July 6, 2004). "National Register of Historic Places nomination, 242nd Street–Van Cortlandt Park Station". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  6. ^ "Our First Subway Completed At Last: Opening of the Van Cortlandt Extension Finishes System Begun in 1900" (PDF). New York Times. August 2, 1908. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  7. ^ "The Real Estate Field" (PDF). The New York Times. November 13, 1912. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  8. ^ "The Northward March of the Population and the Trade Along Broadway to the City Line" (PDF). The New York Times. June 21, 1914. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c Hood, Clifton (1978). "The Impact of the IRT in New York City" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. pp. 146–207 (PDF pp. 147–208). Retrieved December 20, 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ^ a b Report of the Public Service Commission for the First District of the State of New York For The Year Ending December 31, 1910. Public Service Commission. 1911.
  11. ^ "Ten-car Trains in Subway to-day; New Service Begins on Lenox Av. Line and Will Be Extended to Broadway To-morrow". The New York Times. January 23, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  12. ^ Keller, Mitch (July 15, 2007). "City Lore: When On the Road was On the Subway". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  13. ^ "City Transit Unity Is Now a Reality; Title to I.R.T. Lines Passes to Municipality, Ending 19-Year Campaign". The New York Times. June 13, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  14. ^ "Transit Unification Completed As City Takes Over I. R. T. Lines: Systems Come Under Single Control After Efforts Begun in 1921; Mayor Is Jubilant at City Hall Ceremony Recalling 1904 Celebration". New York Herald Tribune. June 13, 1940. p. 25. ProQuest 1248134780.
  15. ^ Brown, Nicole (May 17, 2019). "How did the MTA subway lines get their letter or number? NYCurious". amNewYork. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  16. ^ Friedlander, Alex; Lonto, Arthur; Raudenbush, Henry (April 1960). "A Summary of Services on the IRT Division, NYCTA" (PDF). New York Division Bulletin. 3 (1). Electric Railroaders' Association: 2.
  17. ^ "Wagner Praises Modernized IRT — Mayor and Transit Authority Are Hailed as West Side Changes Take Effect". The New York Times. February 7, 1959. p. 21. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  18. ^ "Press Release - MTA Headquarters - MTA Announces 20 Additional Subway Stations to Receive Accessibility Improvements Under Proposed 2020-2024 Capital Plan". MTA. December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
  19. ^ "1 Subway Timetable, Effective December 17, 2023". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  20. ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  21. ^ Dougherty, Peter (2006) [2002]. Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.
  22. ^ "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Riverdale" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
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