Jump to content

Plus-size model

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Trappist the monk (talk | contribs) at 23:35, 12 October 2023 (cite repair;). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Velvet D'Amour, model for John Galliano, then muse of Jean-Paul Gaultier, at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.

A plus-size model is an individual size 12 and above who is engaged primarily in modeling plus-size clothing. Plus-size clothing worn by plus-size models is typically catering for and marketed to either Big & Tall or Tall or Overweight men and women. Plus-size models also engage in work that is not strictly related to selling clothing, e.g., stock photography and advertising photography for cosmetics, household and pharmaceutical products and sunglasses, footwear and watches[citation needed]. Therefore, plus-size models do not exclusively wear garments marketed as plus-size clothing. This is especially true when participating in fashion editorials for mainstream fashion magazines.[citation needed]

Synonymous and interchangeable with plus-size model is "full-figured model",[1] "extended-sizes model", "over-weight model", and "outsize model". Previously, the term "large size model" was also frequently used.[2][3]

Plus-size industry

Fashion designers are starting to look more closely at the earning potential from plus-size clothing, and have used plus-size models for their advertising campaigns and catwalks. Jean-Paul Gaultier and John Galliano both used plus-size models[4] in their Spring 2006 showings in Paris.[5] Gaultier also used plus-size models Marquita Pring and Crystal Renn in his Spring 2011 Ready-to-Wear show.[6][7] Italian plus-size fashion house Elena Mirò now regularly stages biannual prêt-à-porter shows during Milan Fashion Week.[8] Mark Fast[9] and William Tempest[10] each used plus-size models during their own London Fashion Week showings for Spring 2009, and again as part of All Walks Beyond the Catwalk[11] event held on 19 September 2009 in association with the British Fashion Council. Mark Fast also used plus-size models in Fall 2010, Fall 2011,[12] and Spring 2012.[13] Mr. Debonair of Beautiful You Fashion Tour uses plus-size models in shows around the world, including during the Beautiful You fashion show during New York Fashion Week 2022 which included Ms. Plus Intercontinental 2021 title holder Wendy Roach.[14] Plus-size models became increasingly represented in high fashion after 2020 but saw a decline in early 2023 when ultrathin models made a comeback.[15][16]

Origins in North America

A page from the Lane Bryant Spring/Summer 1954 catalog.

Lane Bryant began trading in the early 1900s as a producer of clothing for "Expectant Mothers and Newborn"'.[17] By the early 1920s, Lane Bryant started selling clothing under the category 'For the Stout Women', which ranged between a 38–56 inch bustline.[17] The earliest catalogs used illustrations to sell their products, but by the mid-1950s photographs were integrated into the catalogs as the evolution of printing technology made this option available. After a hiatus through the 1960–1980 period, Lane Bryant again began using plus-size models.

Specialty model agency divisions

Plus size models were first represented by model agencies in the 1970s.[18] Prior to this, models freelanced directly with retailers, designers and magazines.[19] Former plus-size model Mary Duffy owned Big Beauties Little Women, the first agency specializing in plus-size and petite models in 1977.[20] Pat Swift, a plus-size model at the time, founded Plus Models in 1978.[19] Ford Models began representing plus size models in 1978, and added two models to their board, including top model Ann Harper, due to demand from clients.[2] By the late 1980s, Plus Models was the largest and most successful plus-size specialty agency, representing over 65 models and grossing over 2 million dollars in revenue.[19] By 1984, Big Beauties Little Women was successful enough to run national model searches advertised in the press.[21] 18-year old Angelia Taylor was the first winner of the inaugural Big Beauty Model Search in 1984. The prize included the cover of It's Me magazine, a nationally published magazine for plus-size women.[21] Not long after, Plus Models began holding national model searches. By the mid-1980s, top plus size models could earn as much as 150,000 to 200,000 dollars a year.[3] Ford Models bought Big Beauties Little Women in 1988, later renaming the division Special Sizes and then Ford 12+.[22][23]

Wilhelmina NYC agent Susan Georget started the Wilhelmina 10/20 division in New York in 1994, recently re-branded W Curve.[24][25] Gary Dakin headed New York's Karin Models' Curves division, only to leave after a short time to develop Ford Models' Ford 12+(rebranded Ford+) model division in their New York office in 1998.[24][26] In Constantine Valhouli's 2001 plus-size model documentary Curve, Dakin states, "We're celebrating our 25th anniversary of the Ford 12+ division. It was the first and longest-existing plus division in the industry."(sic) Together, these agents created agency divisions that have continued to recruit the highest caliber of models in the industry and are credited with expanding opportunities for plus-size models beyond working solely for plus-size clothing retailers.[24][25]

Former plus-size model Becca Thorpe founded the plus-size division at Muse Model Management, a boutique fashion agency in 2011.[27] Muse also recruits high caliber models and had advanced opportunities for plus-size models beyond advertising for plus-size retailers.

Ford Models closed its plus-size division in June 2013 to focus on its editorial divisions.[28] Gary Dakin and Jaclyn Sarka founded Jag Models in July 2013, which currently represents about 30 models sizes 8-18.[28] The agency does not brand its models as plus-size.[28][29][30]

There are a large number of reputable agencies throughout the U.S. and Canada, and internationally in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey and the UK.[31][32][33]

Specialty media and other ventures in North America

In 1979 Big Beautiful Woman magazine (more commonly known via the acronym BBW) began publication and was one of the first publications in the US catering specifically to plus-size clothing consumers.[18] It ceased publication in 1995, but the "BBW" brand was sold onwards.[34] Although it continued in print via several editor-and-publisher combinations it continued to falter, finally ceasing print publication after 23 years with the April/May 2003 issue.[34] BBW is now an online community surrounding archived material from the magazine.[34]

In Spring 1981, Lane Bryant began publishing It's Me magazine. Along with Big Beautiful Woman, It's Me was one of the few print magazines for plus-size women.[35] In 1982, the magazine was sold to Happy Hands Publishing Company.[36]

In addition to magazines, books dedicated to plus size (aka "full figured") fashion and lifestyles began to be released from major publishers in the 1980s. Some of these include: Making It Big (1980),[37] The Big Beauty Book (1982),[38] The Lane Bryant Fashion Math Make-Over (1987)[39] and Sizing Up (1989).[40]

Spiegel catalog launched their For You from Spiegel plus-size collection in 1989 with Linda Arroz as their official consultant and spokesmodel.[41] The three-year For You campaign included opening brick-and-mortar retail locations in upscale shopping centers. Previously, Spiegel had only been a mail-order merchant. As part of the full-scale plus-size outreach, Spiegel produced fashion videos that featured advice from image consultant Arroz, with commentary from some of the plus-size models who appeared in the video and catalog. Arroz became the fashion editor of BBW magazine after her stint with Spiegel. By the mid-1990s, all For You from Spiegel retail locations had closed.[42] In 1995, Lane Bryant began a transformation of the brand which included large-scale fashion showings and celebrity endorsement. Queen Latifah, Mia Tyler, Camryn Manheim, Anna Nicole Smith and Chris Noth have appeared in advertising and/or events on behalf of the brand. Lane Bryant held a large-scale lingerie fashion show[43] to launch the "Cacique Intimates" lingerie collection on 1 February 2000. The 2003 final large-scale catwalk show[44] featured Roseanne Barr as Matron of Ceremonies in a cabaret setting complete with Moulin Rouge-style singers and dancers. Lane Bryant was acquired by Charming Shoppes for $335 million in August 2001. In 2003 a cost-reduction plan[45] was announced to improve the company's pre-tax position by $45 million. Shortly afterwards, the annual Lane Bryant fashion show ceased production. With strong cooperation from Wilhelmina 10/20, Curves and Ford 12+ agencies, MODE magazine, was launched in the spring of 1997.[46] No other fashion magazine specifically targeted the plus-size consumer with a Vogue-like fashion philosophy.[46] MODE's editorial practice of providing models' names, sometimes attached to quotes on self-esteem to make them more approachable, greatly aided the popularity of the models and gave them a form of celebrity.[47] The magazine also received industry acclaim, being named the best new magazine launch by Ad Week and Advertising Age in 1997.[46] MODE ran model search competitions in conjunction with the Wilhelmina modeling agency, drawing entries from thousands of hopefuls from the US and Canada.[48] Occurring shortly before the time of MODE's closure was the failure of several designers' ventures into the plus-size market. Versace (GV Versatile Couture), Valentino (Carisma), and others ceased producing the clothing which MODE relied upon, leaving an unfortunate deficit in the fashion department wardrobes and advertising revenue coffers of MODE magazine and its successors.[49] Its circulation was approximately 600,000 at the time of its demise[50] in late 2001. Grace Magazine was launched on 14 May 2002 by MODE magazine's last executive editor, Ceslie Armstrong, and many of the ex-MODE staff as an independent quarterly publication and website under a similar concept.[51] Even though the initial 400,000 print run sold out quickly and advertising revenue appeared high, the independent status and limited funding prohibited the ability to grow to fill the newsstand and subscription orders. Critics,[citation needed] however, believed that Grace featured far less stylish fashion content than its predecessor and unwisely pursued an editorial emphasis on weight-related health issues. Grace Magazine ceased operation due to lack of funding in November 2003, after publishing 10 issues. Charming Shoppes' custom advertorial magazine, Figure, was launched in 2002 and was revamped during 2006.[52] Although it featured only Charming Shoppes' own products and related lifestyle articles, it remained the only fashion and lifestyle print magazine specifically targeted for plus-size consumers until its announced closure after the publication of the March/April 2009 issue.[53]

U.S. television program America's Next Top Model has featured contestants[54] acknowledging the plus-size industry's relevance to fashion since the show's launch in 2003. After elimination from the competition several of the contestants have signed contracts with the Wilhelmina agency, although only Kortnie Coles, Diane Hernandez, Toccara Jones, Whitney Thompson, Yvonne Powless, Khrystyana Kazakova, Liz Woodbury, and Alexandra Underwood have successfully translated their TV celebrity into ongoing modeling careers.

Several homegrown calendar projects featuring models over a U.S. size 12 were launched in 2007, including the well-publicized Luscious and Fenomenal Calendar products from North America. To date, no calendar has been successful enough to continue beyond its initial launch year.[citation needed]

Plus Model Magazine, an online publication was launched in 2006 by Madeline Figueroa-Jones, a former plus-size model. The magazine features beauty and fashion editorials, beauty and fashion tips, modeling advice and interviews with plus-size celebrities as well as people working in all facets of the plus-size clothing industry.[55] Plus Model Magazine launched an online podcast in 2008 hosted by model, actress and host Chenese Lewis, which has interviews with plus-size celebrities and people working in all facets of the plus-size clothing industry.[55] The magazine gained attention in many media outlets worldwide by publishing an editorial commenting on body image and the fashion industry.[56] The editorial featured plus-size model Katya Zharkova photographed nude alongside a straight-size model.[56]

Canadian magazine LOU LOU has included specifically produced bi-annual plus-size fashion inserts featuring editorials and product pages since 2008. Echoing the advertorial relationship of Figure to Lane Bryant, LouLou's supplement features products from Reitmans group of plus-size apparel companies (Addition-Elle, MXM, Pennington's) on its pages.

Vogue U.S. has faltered on the continued use of recognisable plus-size models for the annual "Shape Issue" (April) issue; however British vocalist Adele appeared on the March 2012 cover as the first overtly larger-sized cover subject since sportsman LeBron James in April 2008.[57] U.S. Glamour has declared it will feature more plus-size models as editorial policy after the appearance of a small photograph of model Lizzie Miller caused a groundswell of positive comment.[58]

Elle Quebec featured plus-size models three times on its cover: in May 1997, May 2013 and June 2014.[59][60][61]

High fashion print publication V magazine featured seven agency-represented plus-size models in "The Size Issue" #63, photographed by prominent fashion photographers.[62][63][64]

North American body care company, Dove, launched a "Real Beauty Campaign" where they included un-retouched photos of plus-size models, and models of all sizes, to emphasize the acceptance of all body shapes.[65]

Origins in Europe

European magazines, including European editions of Elle and Vogue have featured plus size models on covers and in editorials.[66][67][68]

In France, the media ma grande taille is dedicated to plus size industry and body positivity.

Evans, a U.K.-based retailer, was founded in 1930.[69] Evans specializes in plus-sized clothing, lingerie, shoes and swimwear.

Max Mara started Marina Rinaldi, one of the first high-end clothing lines, for plus-size women in 1980.[70] Marina Rinaldi started advertising in 1981.[71] The line's campaigns were photographed by top photographers such as Richard Avedon, Patrick Demarchelier, Arthur Elgort, Greg Kadel, Peter Lindbergh, and Craig McDean, used top models and celebrities(including Carré Otis, Candice Huffine, Crystal Renn, and Kate Dillon Levin), and were featured in magazines and on billboards.[71][72] The ads were also the first to use the term plus size rather than outsize in Europe.[71]

Specialty model agency divisions

Cheryl Hughes founded Hughes models, the UK's first plus-size agency in 1985.[73] Allison Bramwell Bewley, a former straight size and plus-size model founded Excel Models in 1995.[74] The agency has represented notable models including Pollyanna McIntosh and Sara Morrison.[75][76] Sarah Watkinson founded 12 + models in 2000.[77] Former plus-size model Anna Shillinglaw founded the plus size division of Milk Management in 2011.[78] These agents have been credited with improving visibility of plus-size models in Europe and developing some of the top plus-size models for international markets. In recent years, the most prestigious fashion agencies in the UK have launched plus size divisions. In 2011, Excel Models merged with Models 1, one of Europe's most prestigious fashion agencies.[79] Storm Models started a plus size division, Curve in 2012.

Specialty media and other ventures in Europe

Several plus-size retailers in Europe have produced magazines. Marina Rinaldi started MR, a fashion magazine showing Marina Rinaldi fashions on plus-size models in 1992.[70] The magazine is still in publication today. Evans, one of the UK's largest plus-size specialist retailers, launched Encore, an in-store fashion and lifestyle magazine published by Condé Nast in 1996.[80]

Yes!, a print fashion magazine for plus size women founded and edited by Janice Bhend, launched in 1993.[81][82] At the time, Yes! was the only print magazine especially for plus size women in Europe.[83] The magazine stopped publishing in 1998 due to a lack of funding.

Fashion editor Rivkie Baum launched SLiNK, a fashion and lifestyle magazine for full-figured women in 2011.[84] SLiNK is one of the few magazines focused on plus size women to photograph models with a Vogue-like aesthetic.[84] The magazine began publishing in print for its fifth issue in March 2012.[85] The magazine was also the first to feature a plus size model in a 3D editorial.[86] SLiNK was also one of the few magazines to feature plus-size and smaller sized models on a magazine cover.[84]

European versions of Vogue and Elle have featured plus size models in many editorials, often photographed by top photographers. In 1997, British Vogue published an editorial with Sara Morrison photographed by Nick Knight.[87] Vogue Italia featured plus size models on the cover of three issues. Sophie Dahl appeared on two covers in 2000(February and April).[88][89] In June 2011, Candice Huffine, Robyn Lawley, and Tara Lynn appeared on the magazine's cover.[68] The main editorial of the issue featured those three models plus Marquita Pring.[68] Robyn Lawley also appeared in another editorial in that issue. Elle France has featured Tara Lynn on two covers in April 2010 and April 2012, and Robyn Lawley on their April 2011 cover. The April 2010 issue also included a 20-page spread with Lynn. Elle Italia has featured Crystal Renn on its April 2008 cover. Elle Belgium featured Deborah Dauchot on its May 2012 cover.[90] In November 2013, Tara Lynn appeared on the cover of Elle Spain. In December 2013, Iris Monroe Baker appeared on the cover of Elle Netherlands.[91][92]

Other magazines that have featured plus size models on their covers include Amica, Avantgarde, Biba, D Reppublicca della Donna, i-D, and S Moda. In addition, magazines such as Bon, Diva e Donna, Gioia, Glamour UK, Glass, Grazia, Numéro, Paradis, Ponystep, and Yo Dona have featured plus size models in editorials.

Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model has featured several contestants, including Louise Watts, who was Season 3's runner up and competed in America's Next Top Model Cycle 18.[93]

In 2016, Scandinavia's Next Top Model was rebooted as Top Model Curves, and all contestants featured were plus-size models from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Swede Ronja Manfredsson was declared the winner during the finale episode in Lisbon.[94]

Origins in Asia and the Pacific

The plus size industry in Asia is not as developed as in North America or Europe, but a number of Asian plus size models have been featured in press. Australia has a developed industry with multiple designers and retailers using plus size models in advertising. In recent years, plus size agencies in Australia have launched the careers of several international plus size models, such as Robyn Lawley.

Specialty agencies and divisions

Former plus-size model Darrianne Donnelly founded the first plus size agency in Australia, BigGals Models, which was renamed to BGM Models in 1996. BGM Models closed in 2015[95] due to Donnelly's retirement, with the majority of models moving to the new Curves division[96] at the established full service agency Vivien's Models. Chelsea Bonner, a former BGM model, left the agency to start Bella Models in 2000 in direct competition. Bonner is often credited with the discovery of Robyn Lawley as a model, although Lawley had already been modelling at a smaller size[97] before joining Bella.

Specialty media and other ventures in Asia and Pacific Region

In April 1997, Emme appeared on a cover of New Woman, the first appearance of a plus-size model on an Australian magazine cover.[98][99] In May 2000, Australian Cosmopolitan began using plus-size models in fashion feature spreads.[100] Natalie Wakeling appeared in the first May 2000 editorial.[100] Australian Cosmopolitan now features plus size models in every issue of the magazine. Other magazines that regularly feature plus-size models include Australian Women's Weekly and Dolly.[101][102][103] Robyn Lawley was GQ Australia's Girl of the Week in its November 2013 issue.[104]

Madison magazine photographed Robyn Lawley for their May 2012 cover. In March 2014, Robyn Lawley appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan Australia.[105]

Crystal Renn appeared in A Call for Camp in Vogue Japan's June 2011 issue.[106] Felicity Hayward was featured in the editorial I'm Better in Black in Vogue Japan September 2012.[107] Australian Vogue featured Robyn Lawley in Belle Curve for their August 2011 issue, and again in their June 2013 issue.[108]

Australia's Next Top Model featured cycle winner Tahnee Atkinson in Cycle 5.

Elena Miro produced a prêt-à-porter runway show in China featuring Asian models in 2006.

Criticism

The plus-size modelling industry has received general criticism on the premise that acceptance of plus-size models sets a poor health example of weight management.[109][110]

Consumer-based criticism regarding the lower sizes of plus-size models was for a long time commonplace and wide-spread. While the reputed 'average' dress size of an American woman is size 14, the majority of models represented as plus-size were between a US size 6-12; therefore, the models did not reflect the average consumer size.[111] However, over the past ten years, larger plus-size models have appeared, particularly on social media, and Tess Holliday (US size 22, UK size 26) was featured on the September 2018 cover of Cosmopolitan.

Like other models, plus-size models use food tricks to temporarily alter their size long enough to meet client demands, such as eating salty food to go up in size or eating cotton balls dipped in juice to shrink for a shoot.[112] Agents have suggested plastic surgery to some models.[113]

German fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld and other fashion designers have deferred on the use of plus-size models through a lack of interest in the consumers associated with the term plus-size. Lagerfeld in particular has been vocal on the matter of his preferred clientele: "What I designed was fashion for slender and slim people" and received criticism for demanding that mass retailer H&M not produce their collaboration designs to size 16.[114][115][116]

In the past, the industry was criticized for lacking racial diversity.[117][118] For example, critics have noted that there are few Asian plus-size models.[117] Others have noted that there are few black plus-size models with darker skin tones.[119]

In February 2015, Australian model Stefania Ferrario and television presenter Ajay Rochester began a campaign to end the use of the term "plus-size" to describe models who are above a US dress size 4 by the modelling industry. Ferrario posted a picture with the caption "I am a model FULL STOP" with the hashtag "#droptheplus" which gained coverage in the media and was heavily discussed, with mixed, but mostly positive reactions, on social media and within the fashion industry.[120][121]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ashley Stewart and Plus Model Magazine Launch Nationwide Search for Full-figured Models". PlusModel. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  2. ^ a b Schiro, Anne Marie (7 June 1979). "Large Size Fashion Models in Demand". Times-Union. New York Times News Service. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Size is a plus for head of model agency". Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. 18 May 1986. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  4. ^ Crystal Renn (Jean Paul Gaultier), Johanna Dray (John Galliano)
  5. ^ Deeks, Sarah (14 July 2010). "Crystal Shines On". Vogue. UK. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  6. ^ "Model Call: Marqsuita Pring". Women's Wear Daily. 26 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  7. ^ Lee, Joyce (7 October 2010). "Crystal Renn Takes on Paris Fashion Week, Walks in Three Big Shows". CBS. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  8. ^ Lomrantz, Tracy (22 September 2010). "Plus Size Line Elena Miro Is Excluded From The Official Milan Fashion Week Schedule". Glamour. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  9. ^ "farfetch.com - a new way to shop for fashion". www.farfetch.com.
  10. ^ Scout, The Fashion (22 September 2009). "The Fashion Scout: William Tempest".
  11. ^ "All Walks Beyond the Catwalk, 18 September 2009". Archived from the original on 19 October 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  12. ^ "12+ Model UK and Mark Fast". madisonplus.com. Madison Plus. 20 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  13. ^ "Mark Fast RTW Spring 2012". style.com. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  14. ^ "BeautifulMode.com". www.beautifulmode.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  15. ^ Roby, India (12 October 2022). "What Does the Future of Size Diversity on the Runway Look Like?". Fashionista.
  16. ^ Paton, Elizabeth (11 March 2023). "Why Did Ultrathin Models Make a Comeback at Fashion Week?". The New York Times.
  17. ^ a b "Lane Bryant Started by a Woman". The Miami Herald. 30 September 1962. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  18. ^ a b Stewart, Anna (9 July 1979). "Big is Beautiful, Large is Lovely, Size 16 is Sexy - and Two Models Cash in On the Trend". In Style. People Magazine (Hard copy of magazine (along with URL for archives)). Vol. 12, no. 2. Time, Inc. pp. 86–7. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  19. ^ a b c "Clothing makers woo plus-size shoppers". The Hour. Associated Press. 21 May 1987. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  20. ^ Russel Stewart, Rose (5 April 1984). "Founder of Big Beauties battles thin attitudes". Toledo Blade. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  21. ^ a b "This Model Doesn't Have To Stay Thin". Lexington Herald-Leader. 10 June 1984. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  22. ^ Boies, Elaine (20 November 1988). "Majority of U. S. women fit into the 'special' sizes". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  23. ^ Cloud, Barbara (6 December 1990). "A Plus: No More Back To Basics". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  24. ^ a b c Odell, Amy (9 February 2011). "The Rise of the Plus-Size Model". New York. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  25. ^ a b Jones, Maddy (12 August 2011). "Passion, Drive, and Intuitiveness- Susan Georget is Back!". Plus Model Magazine. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  26. ^ "Making It big:The Agents". curve-film.com. Constantine Varhouli. Archived from the original on 13 December 2001. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  27. ^ Jones, Madeline (13 October 2011). "Ex-Plus Size Model Opens Up New Plus Size Division at Muse NYC". plus-model-mag.com. Plus Model Magazine. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  28. ^ a b c Chernikoff, Leah. "First Modeling Agency Devoted to Girls of All Sizes Sets Up Shop in NYC". fashionista.com. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  29. ^ Chang, Juju. "Jag Model Agency Pledges to Feature 'Real Women'". ABC News. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  30. ^ Stewart, Sara (20 August 2013). "NYC modeling agency showcases full-figured beauties to mirror the real world". New York Post. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  31. ^ "List of US Model Agencies". Plus Model Magazine. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  32. ^ "List of International Model Agencies". Plus Model Magazine. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  33. ^ "Do You Have What It Takes To Be A Plus-Size Model?". elle.co.za. 18 October 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  34. ^ a b c "BBW Magazine, Past and Present". BBW Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
  35. ^ Cannon, Carl (11 April 1982). "New magazine favors larger woman". Tri City Herald. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  36. ^ Dougherty, Phillip M. (15 October 1982). "ADVERTISING; It's Me Magazine Sold to Texas Company". The New York Times.
  37. ^ DuCoffe, Jean; Cohen, Sherry Suib (1980). Making It Big: A Guide to Health, Success and Beauty For the Woman Size 16 and Over. New York, NY, USA: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-25097-3.
  38. ^ Harper, Ann; Lewis, Glenn (1982). The Big Beauty Book: Glamour for the Fuller-Figured Woman. New York, NY, USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-060561-X.
  39. ^ Lulow, Kalia; Geddie, Wanda (1987). The Lane Bryant Fashion Math Make-Over (Paperback). New York, NY, U.S.A.: Dell. ISBN 0-440-14597-X.
  40. ^ Head, Sandy Summers (1989). Sizing Up: Fashion, Fitness and Self-Esteem for Full Figured Women. New York, NY, USA: Fireside. ISBN 0-671-67572-9.
  41. ^ Mason, Marcy (19 December 1990). "Make The Most of Your Best Points". Chicago Tribune.
  42. ^ "History of Spiegel, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com.
  43. ^ Neidenburg (19 November 2009). "Lane Bryant runway show 2000 - Part 1". Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  44. ^ "Mia Tyler walks the runway for Lane Bryant Spring 2003 - vidéo Dailymotion". 26 August 2007.
  45. ^ "Charming Shoppes Reports Preliminary, Unaudited Fourth Quarter and Full Year Results". Digital50. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  46. ^ a b c Herman, Valli (19 May 1998). "Fashion Mode". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  47. ^ Mogel, Leonard (1998). The Magazine (4th ed.). Sewickly, Pennsylvania: GATF Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-88362-223-8. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  48. ^ Jones, Maddy (1 May 2010). "Interview With Cover Model Jordan Tesfay". Plus Model Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  49. ^ Gottschalk, Mary (7 March 1997). "Full-figured women get their fashion desserts a la Mode". The Daily News. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  50. ^ "Freedom Communications, Inc. - Company News". Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
  51. ^ Aaaronson, Trevor (7 May 2002). "Former Mode Editor to Try Again". travelwriters.com. Marco Polo Publications, Inc. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  52. ^ "The New Shape of Figure Magazine: Fashion Magazine for Plus-Size Women Re-launches" (PDF). magazine.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012.
  53. ^ "Figuremagazine.com". www.figuremagazine.com.
  54. ^ Robin Manning/Cycle 1, Anna Bradfield/Cycle 2, Toccara Jones/Cycle 3, Diane Hernandez/Cycle 5, Diana Zalewski/Cycle 8, Whitney Cunningham/Cycle 8, Sarah Hartshorne/Cycle 9, Whitney Thompson/Cycle 10, Kortnie Coles/Cycle 12, Alexandra Underwood/Cycle 14, Seymone Cohen-Fobish/Cycle 18, Louise Watts/Cycle 18, Yvonne Powless/Cycle 19, Chlea Ramirez/Cycle 20, Ivana Thomas/Cycle 24, Liz Woodbury/Cycle 24, and Khrystyana Kazakova/Cycle 24
  55. ^ a b "PLUS Model Magazine Masthead: Madeline Figueroa-Jones". plusmodelmagazine.com. Plus Model Magazine. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  56. ^ a b Lovett, Edward (12 January 2012). "Most Models Meet Criteria for Anorexia, Size 6 Is Plus Size: Magazine". ABC News. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  57. ^ Sullivan, Robert. "LeBron James and Gisele Bündchen: Dream Team". Vogue. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014.
  58. ^ Lieve, Cindy (September 2009). "Are you ready to start a body image revolution?". Glamour. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  59. ^ "Plus-size model graces the cover of Elle". aww.com.au. Australia Women's Weekly. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  60. ^ "Elle Quebec Draws International Attention" (PDF) (Press release). TC Transcontinental. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  61. ^ "Curvy Model Ashley Graham Covers ELLE Quebec June 2014". Fashion Gone Rogue. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  62. ^ "Curves Ahead by Solve Sundsbo, featuring Candice Huffine, Marquita Pring, Kasia Pilewicz, Michelle Olson and Tara Lynn".
  63. ^ "One Size Fits All by Terry Richardson, featuring Crystal Renn".
  64. ^ "V love U just the way U R – Terry Tsiolas, featuring Inga Eiriksdottir".
  65. ^ Czerniawski, Amanda M. (30 January 2015), "Selling the Fat Body", Fashioning Fat, NYU Press, pp. 129–158, doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814770399.003.0006, ISBN 978-0-8147-7039-9
  66. ^ Krupnick, Ellie (3 May 2013). "Elle Quebec's Plus-Size Cover Model Is Justine LeGault (PHOTO, VIDEO)". HuffPost. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  67. ^ Valenti, Lauren (8 November 2013). "ELLE Spain Cover Model Tara Lynn: "It's Hard to Make Clothes Look Great on Big Women"". Elle. Hearst Communications. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  68. ^ a b c Moss, Hillary (3 June 2011). "Vogue Italia Puts Three Plus-Size Models on June Cover (PHOTOS)". HuffPost. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  69. ^ "Our History". evans.co.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  70. ^ a b Agins, Teri (10 May 1996). "Queen sizes get a lift in the market". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  71. ^ a b c "History & Philosophy". marinarinaldi.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  72. ^ Schiro, Anne Marie (24 November 1998). "Courting Women Big and Small". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  73. ^ "'Plus-size' models still rare on NY and London catwalks". The Independent. Agence France-Presse. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  74. ^ Booth, Samantha (13 December 2007). "CURVE IS ALL AROUND; Big is beautiful as size-14 Alice wins Cosmo modelling competition". Daily Record. Scotland. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  75. ^ Alexander McQueen; John Galliano; Roland Mouret; Sophia Kokosalaki (18 February 2002). "Outsize?". SHOWstudio. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  76. ^ Blanchard, Tansin (24 September 2009). "London Fashion Week may not be ready, but women love a curvy model". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  77. ^ "About Us". 12plusuk.co.uk. 12 + UK Model Management. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  78. ^ "Milk Management Promo". madisonplus.com. Madison Plus. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  79. ^ Cowan, Natasha (5 July 2011). "Models 1 expands for plus-size models". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  80. ^ Michel, Katrina (8 November 1996). "MEDIA: Encore: An expert's view". Campaign. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  81. ^ Nowicka, Helen (21 November 1993). "We're happy to be the fat of the land". The Independent. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  82. ^ Hill, Amelia; Aldridgge, John (5 January 2002). "Thin end of a big fat juicy scam". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  83. ^ YES! Magazine. "PROUD TO SAY YES!". Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  84. ^ a b c Driscoll, Brogan (12 December 2012). "Plus-Size Fashion Magazine SLiNK Features Models Sizes 8-16 on Cover". HuffPost. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  85. ^ "Gorkana Meets...Rivkie Baum". gorkana.com. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  86. ^ Okafor, Chinedu (21 November 2012). "Design grads create 3D magazine cover". Arts London News. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  87. ^ Spencer, Mimi (5 August 2006). "The shape we're in". The Observer. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  88. ^ "Sophie Dahl". fashionmodeldirectory.com. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  89. ^ "Sophie Dahl". New York. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  90. ^ "Deborah Dauchot for Belgian Elle Magazine". madisonplus.com. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  91. ^ Toeps (9 November 2013). "CURVY IRIS MONROE BAKER OP DE COVER VAN ELLE NEDERLAND". fashionmilk.com. Fashion Milk. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  92. ^ Dan (5 December 2013). "Iris Monroe Baker by Jeroen W. Mantel for Elle Netherlands December 2013". Fashnberry. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  93. ^ "Britain's Next Top Model Season 6: Simone Clark". The Look. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  94. ^ de la Bastide, Danielle (20 January 2017). "Meet Ronja Manfredsson: The Swedish Stunner And Top Model Winner with the Killer Curves". loaded.uk. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  95. ^ Domjen, Briana (31 October 2015). "Plus-size modelling pioneer Darrianne Donnelly retires after 20 years in the fashion industry". The Daily Telegraph.
  96. ^ Halliwell, Elle (23 January 2015). "Australian modelling agency Vivien's launches plus-size division called Curve". The Daily Telegraph.
  97. ^ "Robyn Lawley: The Interview". Pony Ryder. 3 June 2011.
  98. ^ Tom, Emma (27 May 1997). "Weighty matters". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  99. ^ Witchel, Alex (12 March 1997). "Size 14, 190 Pounds: A Model Figure". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  100. ^ a b Wood, Miranda; Baker, Kelly (28 May 2000). "Real woman forced to slim to play a part". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  101. ^ "MP Exclusive! Plus Model Robyn in Australia's Madison Mag!". Madison Plus. 11 March 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  102. ^ Jones, Madeline (31 October 2011). "Robyn Lawley Interview and Editorial with Australian Women's Weekly". plus-model-mag.com. Plus Model Magazine.
  103. ^ "The Australian mags that are refusing to airbrush". aww.ninemsn.com.au/. nine msn. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  104. ^ Berry, Sarah. "Robyn Lawley is first plus-size model to appear in GQ Australia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  105. ^ Holmes, Sally (30 January 2014). "Plus-Size Model Robyn Lawley Covers Cosmopolitan Australia". Elle. Hearst Communications. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  106. ^ "A Call for Camp". models.com. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  107. ^ "Vogue Japan I'm Better in Black". models.com. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  108. ^ Triall-Nash, Glynis (17 May 2013). "Vogue eager to make an issue of 'real' women". The Australian. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  109. ^ "America's War on the Overweight". Newsweek. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  110. ^ "Plus-Size Models Doing Big Girls No Favours". News.com.au. 8 September 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  111. ^ "Fashion Week's Latest Trend? Plus-Size Models". NPR News. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  112. ^ Sauers, Jenna (26 July 2001). "Plus-Size Models Wear Body Padding To Please Certain Clients, And Other Modeling Non-Secrets". Jezebel. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  113. ^ "Pressure to Get Skinny Still the Fashion Norm, Even in the Plus-Sized Model World". Fox News Channel. 14 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  114. ^ Walker, Harriet (16 June 2010). "Designer Says Plus-Size Models Are 'a Joke'". The Independent. London. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  115. ^ "'No One Wants to See Curvy Women': German designer Karl Lagerfeld". The Independent. London. 12 October 2009. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  116. ^ unattributed (18 November 2004). "Lagerfeld's High Street Split". Vogue UK.
  117. ^ a b Richardson, Lisa (21 August 2001). "Plus-size model defies a stereotype -- for herself and for other Asian women". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  118. ^ "Where My Sistas At? The Underrepresentation of Black Plus Size Models in Mainstream Fashion". Racialicious. 23 April 2010. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  119. ^ "Ford Models Agency Showing Some Curves". Plus Model Magazine. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  120. ^ "Fox News article on Stefania Ferrario and #droptheplus campaign". 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  121. ^ "Bustle article on #droptheplus". Bustle. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plus-size_model&oldid=1179866637"