1944 United States presidential election in Mississippi
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All 9 Mississippi votes to the Electoral College | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results
Roosevelt 80-90% 90-100%
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The 1944 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 7, 1944, as part of the 1944 United States presidential election. Mississippi voters chose nine[2] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Ever since the end of Reconstruction, Mississippi had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party was virtually nonexistent as a result of disenfranchisement among African Americans and poor whites,[3] including voter intimidation against those who refused to vote Democratic.
From the time of Henry A. Wallace's appointment as Vice-President and the 1943 Detroit race riots,[4] however, the northern left wing of the Democratic Party became committed to restoring black political rights,[5] a policy vehemently opposed by all Southern Democrats as an infringement upon "states' rights". Anger with the FDR administration intensified further when the Supreme Court ruled in Smith v. Allwright that the white primaries upon which the politics of Mississippi and most other Southern states[a] were based violated the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
Consequently, Mississippi Democrats, already developing opposition to the New Deal, which had provided substantial work for white Mississippians during the 1930s, were very concerned about Roosevelt being renominated for a fourth term. In fact, the original slate of Democratic electors was pledged to vote for a candidate other than Roosevelt.[6] However, FDR remained extremely popular with the majority of Mississippians, even those wealthy enough to pay the state’s poll tax.[7] Consequently, Governor Thomas L. Bailey was forced to call a convention that deleted the Democratic electors’ names from the presidential ballot, which meant that they were pledged to vote for Roosevelt.[7]
Mississippi was won by incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D–New York), running with Senator Harry S. Truman, with 93.56 percent of the popular vote, against Governor Thomas E. Dewey (R–New York), running with Governor John Bricker, with 6.44 percent of the popular vote, making it Roosevelt’s strongest state in the election.[8][9]
As of 2020, this marks the last time that any candidate has received over ninety percent of the popular vote in any state,[b] or that Forrest County has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.[10] It was also the last time until 1972 that Mississippi would back the national winner in a presidential election. This was the last election in which every county voted for the Democrats in the Magnolia State. The next election would also see all the state's counties go to just one party, albeit to the Dixiecrats rather than the Democrats.[c] The same would be true of 1964, when all the state's counties went entirely to the Republican Party.
Results
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Franklin D. Roosevelt (inc.) | 168,479 | 93.56% | |
| Republican | Thomas E. Dewey | 11,601 | 6.44% | |
| Total votes | 180,080 | 100% | ||
Results by county
| County | Franklin Delano Roosevelt Democratic |
Thomas Edmund Dewey Republican |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adams | 1,638 | 85.31% | 282 | 14.69% | 1,356 | 70.63% | 1,920 |
| Alcorn | 2,669 | 92.83% | 206 | 7.17% | 2,463 | 85.67% | 2,875 |
| Amite | 1,426 | 94.25% | 87 | 5.75% | 1,339 | 88.50% | 1,513 |
| Attala | 2,187 | 96.17% | 87 | 3.83% | 2,100 | 92.35% | 2,274 |
| Benton | 852 | 95.30% | 42 | 4.70% | 810 | 90.60% | 894 |
| Bolivar | 2,444 | 86.61% | 378 | 13.39% | 2,066 | 73.21% | 2,822 |
| Calhoun | 2,072 | 95.53% | 97 | 4.47% | 1,975 | 91.06% | 2,169 |
| Carroll | 1,438 | 95.48% | 68 | 4.52% | 1,370 | 90.97% | 1,506 |
| Chickasaw | 1,935 | 91.49% | 180 | 8.51% | 1,755 | 82.98% | 2,115 |
| Choctaw | 1,119 | 93.64% | 76 | 6.36% | 1,043 | 87.28% | 1,195 |
| Claiborne | 710 | 94.04% | 45 | 5.96% | 665 | 88.08% | 755 |
| Clarke | 1,694 | 94.69% | 95 | 5.31% | 1,599 | 89.38% | 1,789 |
| Clay | 1,158 | 91.40% | 109 | 8.60% | 1,049 | 82.79% | 1,267 |
| Coahoma | 2,392 | 92.61% | 191 | 7.39% | 2,201 | 85.21% | 2,583 |
| Copiah | 2,409 | 96.59% | 85 | 3.41% | 2,324 | 93.18% | 2,494 |
| Covington | 1,672 | 96.65% | 58 | 3.35% | 1,614 | 93.29% | 1,730 |
| DeSoto | 1,561 | 92.70% | 123 | 7.30% | 1,438 | 85.39% | 1,684 |
| Forrest | 3,649 | 89.33% | 436 | 10.67% | 3,213 | 78.65% | 4,085 |
| Franklin | 1,211 | 96.11% | 49 | 3.89% | 1,162 | 92.22% | 1,260 |
| George | 1,051 | 91.95% | 92 | 8.05% | 959 | 83.90% | 1,143 |
| Greene | 907 | 89.27% | 109 | 10.73% | 798 | 78.54% | 1,016 |
| Grenada | 1,373 | 92.15% | 117 | 7.85% | 1,256 | 84.30% | 1,490 |
| Hancock | 1,642 | 92.30% | 137 | 7.70% | 1,505 | 84.60% | 1,779 |
| Harrison | 5,976 | 90.57% | 622 | 9.43% | 5,354 | 81.15% | 6,598 |
| Hinds | 10,466 | 91.58% | 962 | 8.42% | 9,504 | 83.16% | 11,428 |
| Holmes | 1,954 | 94.12% | 122 | 5.88% | 1,832 | 88.25% | 2,076 |
| Humphreys | 1,150 | 97.05% | 35 | 2.95% | 1,115 | 94.09% | 1,185 |
| Issaquena | 215 | 97.73% | 5 | 2.27% | 210 | 95.45% | 220 |
| Itawamba | 1,350 | 88.06% | 183 | 11.94% | 1,167 | 76.13% | 1,533 |
| Jackson | 2,636 | 92.52% | 213 | 7.48% | 2,423 | 85.05% | 2,849 |
| Jasper | 1,667 | 97.26% | 47 | 2.74% | 1,620 | 94.52% | 1,714 |
| Jefferson | 766 | 96.84% | 25 | 3.16% | 741 | 93.68% | 791 |
| Jefferson Davis | 1,372 | 93.97% | 88 | 6.03% | 1,284 | 87.95% | 1,460 |
| Jones | 4,782 | 93.42% | 337 | 6.58% | 4,445 | 86.83% | 5,119 |
| Kemper | 1,345 | 97.32% | 37 | 2.68% | 1,308 | 94.65% | 1,382 |
| Lafayette | 2,148 | 96.11% | 87 | 3.89% | 2,061 | 92.21% | 2,235 |
| Lamar | 1,065 | 91.97% | 93 | 8.03% | 972 | 83.94% | 1,158 |
| Lauderdale | 6,036 | 94.09% | 379 | 5.91% | 5,657 | 88.18% | 6,415 |
| Lawrence | 1,535 | 97.15% | 45 | 2.85% | 1,490 | 94.30% | 1,580 |
| Leake | 2,800 | 99.15% | 24 | 0.85% | 2,776 | 98.30% | 2,824 |
| Lee | 3,509 | 93.85% | 230 | 6.15% | 3,279 | 87.70% | 3,739 |
| Leflore | 2,399 | 92.30% | 200 | 7.70% | 2,199 | 84.61% | 2,599 |
| Lincoln | 2,445 | 95.96% | 103 | 4.04% | 2,342 | 91.92% | 2,548 |
| Lowndes | 2,216 | 86.02% | 360 | 13.98% | 1,856 | 72.05% | 2,576 |
| Madison | 1,921 | 94.86% | 104 | 5.14% | 1,817 | 89.73% | 2,025 |
| Marion | 2,441 | 97.84% | 54 | 2.16% | 2,387 | 95.67% | 2,495 |
| Marshall | 1,441 | 95.81% | 63 | 4.19% | 1,378 | 91.62% | 1,504 |
| Monroe | 3,104 | 95.13% | 159 | 4.87% | 2,945 | 90.25% | 3,263 |
| Montgomery | 1,371 | 94.88% | 74 | 5.12% | 1,297 | 89.76% | 1,445 |
| Neshoba | 3,025 | 95.85% | 131 | 4.15% | 2,894 | 91.70% | 3,156 |
| Newton | 2,516 | 97.82% | 56 | 2.18% | 2,460 | 95.65% | 2,572 |
| Noxubee | 994 | 90.61% | 103 | 9.39% | 891 | 81.22% | 1,097 |
| Oktibbeha | 1,948 | 94.66% | 110 | 5.34% | 1,838 | 89.31% | 2,058 |
| Panola | 1,931 | 95.55% | 90 | 4.45% | 1,841 | 91.09% | 2,021 |
| Pearl River | 2,131 | 96.21% | 84 | 3.79% | 2,047 | 92.42% | 2,215 |
| Perry | 796 | 94.76% | 44 | 5.24% | 752 | 89.52% | 840 |
| Pike | 2,972 | 92.30% | 248 | 7.70% | 2,724 | 84.60% | 3,220 |
| Pontotoc | 1,716 | 95.17% | 87 | 4.83% | 1,629 | 90.35% | 1,803 |
| Prentiss | 1,652 | 90.42% | 175 | 9.58% | 1,477 | 80.84% | 1,827 |
| Quitman | 1,106 | 94.94% | 59 | 5.06% | 1,047 | 89.87% | 1,165 |
| Rankin | 2,374 | 96.04% | 98 | 3.96% | 2,276 | 92.07% | 2,472 |
| Scott | 2,165 | 97.30% | 60 | 2.70% | 2,105 | 94.61% | 2,225 |
| Sharkey | 698 | 96.68% | 24 | 3.32% | 674 | 93.35% | 722 |
| Simpson | 2,470 | 96.94% | 78 | 3.06% | 2,392 | 93.88% | 2,548 |
| Smith | 2,456 | 93.70% | 165 | 6.30% | 2,291 | 87.41% | 2,621 |
| Stone | 989 | 95.83% | 43 | 4.17% | 946 | 91.67% | 1,032 |
| Sunflower | 2,799 | 94.75% | 155 | 5.25% | 2,644 | 89.51% | 2,954 |
| Tallahatchie | 2,401 | 98.36% | 40 | 1.64% | 2,361 | 96.72% | 2,441 |
| Tate | 1,455 | 98.05% | 29 | 1.95% | 1,426 | 96.09% | 1,484 |
| Tippah | 2,539 | 95.27% | 126 | 4.73% | 2,413 | 90.54% | 2,665 |
| Tishomingo | 1,412 | 82.67% | 296 | 17.33% | 1,116 | 65.34% | 1,708 |
| Tunica | 721 | 95.37% | 35 | 4.63% | 686 | 90.74% | 756 |
| Union | 2,140 | 92.12% | 183 | 7.88% | 1,957 | 84.24% | 2,323 |
| Walthall | 1,230 | 94.76% | 68 | 5.24% | 1,162 | 89.52% | 1,298 |
| Warren | 3,202 | 91.33% | 304 | 8.67% | 2,898 | 82.66% | 3,506 |
| Washington | 2,012 | 81.59% | 454 | 18.41% | 1,558 | 63.18% | 2,466 |
| Wayne | 1,380 | 97.53% | 35 | 2.47% | 1,345 | 95.05% | 1,415 |
| Webster | 1,504 | 92.21% | 127 | 7.79% | 1,377 | 84.43% | 1,631 |
| Wilkinson | 863 | 91.52% | 80 | 8.48% | 783 | 83.03% | 943 |
| Winston | 1,822 | 97.28% | 51 | 2.72% | 1,771 | 94.55% | 1,873 |
| Yalobusha | 1,582 | 94.22% | 97 | 5.78% | 1,485 | 88.45% | 1,679 |
| Yazoo | 2,301 | 96.72% | 78 | 3.28% | 2,223 | 93.44% | 2,379 |
| Totals | 168,621 | 93.56% | 11,613 | 6.44% | 157,008 | 87.11% | 180,234 |
Notes
- ^ Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Oklahoma lacked statewide white primaries due to significant Republican opposition from Appalachia or the Cherokee Outlet region, although some counties in these states did use the white primary.
- ^ Democratic presidential candidates would win over ninety percent of the vote in the District of Columbia (which, since 1964, has three electoral votes but is not a state) in the elections of 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020
- ^ Dixiecrat nominees Strom Thurmond and Fielding L. Wright would be listed as “Democratic” on the Mississippi ballot, as they would also in Alabama where national Democratic nominee Truman would not be on the ballot at all.
References
- ^ "United States Presidential election of 1944 – Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ "1944 Election for the Fortieth Term (1945-49)". Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Wright-Austin, Sharon D. The Transformation of Plantation Politics: Black Politics, Concentrated Poverty, and Social Capital in the Mississippi Delta. p. 45. ISBN 9780791468012.
- ^ Scher, Richard K.; Politics in the New South: Republicanism, Race and Leadership in the Twentieth Century, p. 95 ISBN 1563248484
- ^ Frederickson, Karl A.; The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932-1968, p. 39 ISBN 0807849103
- ^ Webb, Clyde (2005). Massive Resistance: Southern Opposition to the Second Reconstruction. Oxford University Press. p. 198. ISBN 019029227X.
- ^ a b Busbee, Wesley F. (2014). Mississippi: A History. p. 266. ISBN 1118822722.
- ^ "1944 Presidential General Election Results – Mississippi". Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ "The American Presidency Project – Election of 1944". Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Sullivan, Robert David (June 29, 2016). "How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century". America Magazine. The National Catholic Review.
- ^ Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964; pp. 249-250 ISBN 0405077114
