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List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

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See also: History of United Nations peacekeeping
A world map of countries, with certain countries colored dark blue for ongoing UN peacekeeping missions, and light blue for completed missions. Refer to the article's tables for more information.
  Current Missions   Past Missions
UN refugee camp in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
IDP camp in Sudan resulting from the Darfur conflict.

This is a list of United Nations peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, organized by region, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation.

Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development.

The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorises regional organisations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.

Completed missions (61)

Africa

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1960–1964 United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC)  Republic of the Congo Congo Crisis [1]
1988–1991 United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)  Angola Angolan Civil War [2]
1989–1990 United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)  Namibia Namibian War of Independence [3]
1991–1995 United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)  Angola Angolan Civil War [4]
1992–1994 United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)  Mozambique Mozambican Civil War [5]
1992–1993 United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)  Somalia Somali Civil War [6]
1993–1997 United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)  Liberia First Liberian Civil War [7]
1993–1994 United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)  Rwanda Rwandan Civil War [8]
 Uganda
1993–1996 United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)  Rwanda Rwandan Civil War [9]
1993–1995 United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)  Somalia Somali Civil War [10]
1994 United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)  Chad Aouzou Strip dispute [11]
 Libya
1995–1997 United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)  Angola Angolan Civil War [12]
1997–1999 United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)  Angola Angolan Civil War [13]
1998–1999 United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)  Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Civil War [14]
1998–2000 United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)  Central African Republic Central African Republic mutinies [15]
1999–2005 United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)  Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Civil War [16]
2000–2008 United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)  Eritrea Eritrean–Ethiopian War [17]
 Ethiopia
2004–2007 United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)  Burundi Burundi Civil War [18]
1999–2010 United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)  Democratic Republic of the Congo Second Congo War [19][20]
2007–2010 United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT)  Chad
 Central African Republic 		Darfur Conflict, Civil war in Chad (2005–2010) [21]
2005–2011 United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)  Sudan Second Sudanese Civil War [22]
2003–2004 United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI)  Côte d'Ivoire First Ivorian Civil War [23]
2004–2017 United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)  Côte d'Ivoire First Ivorian Civil War [24]
2003–2018 United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)  Liberia Second Liberian Civil War [25]
2007–2020 United Nations/African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID)  Sudan War in Darfur [26]

Americas

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1965–1966 Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP)  Dominican Republic Operation Power Pack [27]
1989–1992 United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)  Costa Rica Central American crisis
Nicaraguan Civil War 		[28]
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
1991–1995 United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)  El Salvador El Salvador Civil War [29]
1993–1996 United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)  Haiti 1991 coup and military rule in Haiti [30]
1996–1997 United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)  Haiti Stabilizing Haiti's new democracy [31]
1997 United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)  Guatemala Guatemalan Civil War [32]
1997 United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)  Haiti Training of the Haitian National Police [33]
1997–2000 United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)  Haiti Training of the Haitian National Police [34]
2000–2001 United Nations General Assembly International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)  Haiti Training of the Haitian National Police [35]
2004–2017 United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)  Haiti 2004 Haitian coup d'état [36]
2017–2019 United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH)  Haiti 2004 Haitian coup d'état [37]

1. ^ Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Asia-Oceania

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1947–1950 United Nations Commission for Indonesia (UNCI)  Dutch East Indies Transfer of sovereignty over Dutch East Indies [38]
 Indonesia
1962–1963 United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF)  Netherlands New Guinea Transfer of sovereignty over West New Guinea [39]
 Indonesia
1965–1966 United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM)  Pakistan Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 [40]
 India
1988–1990 United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) Afghanistan Afghanistan Soviet–Afghan War [41]
 Pakistan
1991–1992 United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)  Cambodia Conflict in Cambodia [42]
1992–1993 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)  Cambodia Conflict in Cambodia [43]
1994–2000 United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)  Tajikistan Tajikistan Civil War [44]
1999 United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)  East Timor Indonesian invasion of East Timor [45]
 Indonesia
1999–2002 The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)  East Timor Indonesian invasion of East Timor [46]
 Indonesia
2002–2005 United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)  East Timor Indonesian invasion of East Timor [47]
2006–2012 United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)  East Timor 2006 East Timorese crisis [48]

1. ^ Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).

Europe

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1992–1995 United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)  Bosnia and Herzegovina Yugoslav Wars [49]
 Croatia
 Republic of Macedonia
 FR Yugoslavia
1993–2009 United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)  Georgia Abkhazian War [50]
1994–1996 United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO)  Croatia Croatian War of Independence [51]
1995–2002 United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)  Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian War [52]
1995–1999 United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)  Macedonia Aftermath of the Yugoslav wars [53]
1996–1998 United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES)  Croatia Croatian War of Independence [54]
1996–2002 United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)  Croatia Prevlaka territorial dispute [55]
 FR Yugoslavia
1998 United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG)  Croatia Croatian War of Independence [56]

1. ^ This mission operated within former Yugoslav successor states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.

2. ^ Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.

West Asia

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1956–1967 First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I)  Egypt Suez Crisis [57]
 Israel
1958 United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)  Lebanon 1958 Lebanon crisis [58]
1963–1964 United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM)  North Yemen Yemen Civil War [59]
1973–1979 Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II)  Egypt Yom Kippur War [60]
 Israel
1988–1991 United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)  Iran Iran–Iraq War [61]
 Iraq
1991–2003 United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)  Iraq Gulf War [62]
 Kuwait
2012 United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS)  Syria Syrian civil war [63]

Current missions (12)

Africa

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1991 United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)  Morocco Western Sahara conflict [64]
 Sahrawi Republic
2010 United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)  Democratic Republic of the Congo Kivu conflict [65]
2011 United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA)  Sudan Abyei conflict [66]
2011 United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)  South Sudan Ethnic violence in South Sudan
South Sudanese Civil War 		[67]
2013 Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA)[a]  Mali Northern Mali conflict [68]
2014 United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA)  Central African Republic Central African Republic Civil War [69]

Asia

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1949 United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)  India Kashmir conflict [70]
 Pakistan

Europe

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1964 United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)  Cyprus Cyprus dispute [71]
 Northern Cyprus
1999 United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)  Serbia Kosovo War [72]
 Kosovo

West Asia

Dates of operation Name of operation Location Conflict Website
1948 United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) Middle East (Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL) [73]
1974 United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)  Israel Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War. [74]
 Syria
 Lebanon
1978 United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)  Lebanon Israeli invasion of Lebanon and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict [75]

1. ^ The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling the northern third of the island, which is recognised only by Turkey.

2. ^ The first flag is the flag of Serbia, used by Republic of Serbia which claims sovereignty over Kosovo. The second is the flag of the Republic of Kosovo which is in de facto control over the territory. As of 4 September 2020, it is recognised by 99 UN member countries. For more information see Kosovo.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ MINUSMA's mandate was terminated by the United Nations Security Council on 30 June 2023; this is subject to a 6-month drawdown period until 31 December 2023, in order to facilitate an orderly withdrawal of UN personnel and equipment from Mali.[1]

References

  1. ^ "Analysis: What's next for Mali after MINUSMA withdrawal?". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
See individual mission websites with their listing.
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