1902 United States House of Representatives elections
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The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 58th United States Congress.
Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[citation needed]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
Election summaries
29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
| 176 | 3 | 207 |
| Democratic | IR | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | Districts | 9 | 
|
9 |
|
0 |
|
| Arkansas | Districts | 7 |  1
|
7 | 1
|
0 |
|
| California | Districts | 8 | 1
|
3 | 3
|
5 |  2
|
| Colorado | District +at-large[f] |
3[g] | 1
|
0 |
|
3 | 2[h]
|
| Connecticut | District +at-large[f] |
5 | 1
|
0 |
|
5 | 1
|
| Delaware | At-large | 1 |
|
1 | 1
|
0 | 1
|
| Florida | Districts | 3 | 1
|
3 | 1
|
0 |
|
| Georgia | Districts | 11 |
|
11 |
|
0 |
|
| Idaho | At-large | 1[g] |
|
0 |
|
1 | 1
|
| Illinois | Districts | 25 | 3
|
8 | 3
|
17 | 6
|
| Indiana | Districts | 13 |
|
4 |
|
9 |
|
| Iowa | Districts | 11 |
|
1 | 1
|
10 | 1
|
| Kansas | District +at-large |
8 |
|
0 | 1
|
8 | 1
|
| Kentucky | Districts | 11 |
|
10 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
| Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 1
|
7 | 1
|
0 |
|
| Maine[i] | Districts | 4 |
|
0 |
|
4 |
|
| Maryland | Districts | 6 |
|
2 | 2
|
4 | 2
|
| Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 1
|
4 | 1
|
10 |
|
| Michigan | Districts | 12 |
|
1 | 1
|
11 | 1
|
| Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 2
|
1 | 1
|
8 | 1
|
| Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 1
|
8 | 1
|
0 |
|
| Missouri | Districts | 16 | 1
|
15 | 3
|
1 | 2
|
| Montana | At-large | 1[g] |
|
0 |
|
1 | 1
|
| Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] |
|
1 | 1
|
5 | 3
|
| Nevada | At-large | 1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
| New Hampshire | Districts | 2 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
| New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 2
|
3 | 1
|
7 | 1
|
| New York | Districts | 37 | 3
|
17 | 4
|
20 | 1
|
| North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 1
|
10 | 3
|
0 | 2
|
| North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 1
|
0 |
|
2 | 1
|
| Ohio | Districts | 21 |
|
4 |
|
17 |
|
| Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
| Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | 2
|
3 | 1
|
29[d] | 3
|
| Rhode Island | Districts | 2 |
|
1 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
| South Carolina | Districts | 7 |
|
7 |
|
0 |
|
| South Dakota | At-large | 2 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
| Tennessee | Districts | 10 |
|
8 |
|
2 |
|
| Texas | Districts | 16 | 3
|
16 | 3
|
0 |
|
| Utah | At-large | 1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
| Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
| Virginia | Districts | 10 |
|
9 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
| Washington | At-large | 3 | 1
|
0 |
|
3 | 1
|
| West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 1
|
0 |
|
5 | 1
|
| Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
10 |
|
| Wyoming | At-large | 1 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
| Total | 386 | 29
|
176 45.6% |
25
|
210[d] 54.4% |
9
| |
The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
|
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Special elections
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 7 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1876 (retired) 1882 (retired) 1898 |
Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Pennsylvania 17 | Rufus King Polk | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 3 | John S. Rhea | Democratic | 1896 | Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
|
| New York 10 | Amos J. Cummings | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below. |
|
| New Jersey 4 | Joshua S. Salmon | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Texas 3 | Reese C. De Graffenreid | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| New York 26 | George W. Ray | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Texas 4 | John L. Sheppard | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Connecticut 3 | Charles Addison Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
Election dates
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
Alabama
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
California
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 8 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
Colorado
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Connecticut
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Delaware
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Florida
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 3 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Georgia
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Hawaii Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Idaho
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Illinois
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Indiana
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Iowa
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Kansas
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Kentucky
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Louisiana
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Maine
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Maryland
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
Massachusetts
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | Vacant | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected. Republican hold. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Citizens Democratic gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 11 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Minnesota
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Mississippi
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 5 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
| Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the 6th district. |
Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Montana
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Nebraska
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Nevada
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New Hampshire
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
New Jersey
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
New Mexico Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
North Carolina
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
North Dakota
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
Ohio
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Oklahoma Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Oregon
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began. |
|
| Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Rhode Island
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South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Utah
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Vermont
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Virginia
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Washington
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Washington at-large (3 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Francis W. Cushman | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
West Virginia
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 4 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2021) |
Wyoming
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arizona Territory at-large | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Hawaii Territory at-large | Robert Wilcox | Home Rule | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
| Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (lost) 1898 |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Regulars only, not including specials
- ^ Includes five vacancies.
- ^ Includes 6 vacancies.
- ^ a b c d Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
- ^ Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
- ^ a b Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
- ^ a b c Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
- ^ There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
- ^ At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
References
- ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Martis, pp. 156–157.
- ^ Apportionment Act of 1901
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "OR - District 01 Race - Jun 02, 1902". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ "OR - District 02 Race - Jun 02, 1902". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WA At-Large Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - HI Delegate At-Large - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
Bibliography
- Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902 (1902).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1903). Maryland Manual 1902. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)