List of cryptocurrencies
The number of cryptocurrencies available over the internet as of 19 August 2018[update] is over 1600 and growing.[citation needed] A new cryptocurrency can be created at any time.[1]
Cryptocurrencies
Active
Below are some notable cryptocurrencies:
Release | Currency | Symbol | Founder(s) | Hash algorithm | Programming language of implementation | Cryptocurrency blockchain (PoS, PoW, or other) |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Bitcoin | BTC,[2] XBT, ₿ | Satoshi Nakamoto[nt 1] | SHA-256d[3][4] | C++[5] | PoW[4][6] | The first and most widely used decentralized ledger currency,[7] with the highest market capitalization.[8] | |
2011 | Litecoin | LTC, Ł | Charlie Lee | Scrypt | C++[9] | PoW | One of the first cryptocurrencies to use Scrypt as a hashing algorithm. | |
2011 | Namecoin | NMC | Vincent Durham[10][11] | SHA-256d | C++[12] | PoW | Also acts as an alternative, decentralized DNS. | |
2012 | Peercoin | PPC | Sunny King (pseudonym)[citation needed] |
SHA-256d[citation needed] | C++[13] | PoW & PoS | The first cryptocurrency to use POW and POS functions. | |
2013 | Dogecoin | DOGE, XDG, Ð | Jackson Palmer & Billy Markus[14] |
Scrypt[15] | C++[16] | PoW | Based on the Doge internet meme. | |
2013[citation needed] | Gridcoin | GRC | Rob Hälford[citation needed] | Scrypt | C++[17] | Decentralized PoS | Linked to citizen science through the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing[18] | |
2013 | Primecoin | XPM | Sunny King (pseudonym)[citation needed] |
1CC/2CC/TWN[19] | TypeScript, C++[20] | PoW[19] | Uses the finding of prime chains composed of Cunningham chains and bi-twin chains for proof-of-work. | |
2013 | Ripple[21][22] | XRP | Chris Larsen & Jed McCaleb[23] |
ECDSA[24] | C++[25] | "Consensus" | Designed for peer to peer debt transfer. Not based on bitcoin. | |
2013 | Nxt | NXT | BCNext (pseudonym) |
SHA-256d[26] | Java[27] | PoS | Specifically designed as a flexible platform to build applications and financial services around its protocol. | |
2014 | Auroracoin | AUR | Baldur Odinsson (pseudonym)[28] |
Scrypt | C++[29] | PoW | Created as an alternative currency for Iceland, intended to replace the Icelandic króna. | |
2014 | Dash | DASH | Evan Duffield & Kyle Hagan[30] |
X11 | C++[31] | PoW & Proof of Service[nt 2] | A bitcoin-based currency featuring instant transactions, decentralized governance and budgeting, and private transactions. | |
2014 | NEO | NEO | Da Hongfei & Erik Zhang | SHA-256 & RIPEMD160 | C#[32] | dBFT | China based cryptocurrency, formerly ANT Shares and ANT Coins. The names were changed in 2017 to NEO and GAS. | |
2014 | MazaCoin | MZC | BTC Oyate Initiative | SHA-256d | C++[33] | PoW | The underlying software is derived from that of another cryptocurrency, ZetaCoin. | |
2014 | Monero | XMR | Monero Core Team | CryptoNight[34] | C++[35] | PoW | Privacy-centric coin using the CryptoNote protocol with improvements for scalability and decentralization. | |
2014 | NEM | XEM | UtopianFuture (pseudonym) | SHA3-512 | Java[36] | POI | The first hybrid public/private blockchain solution built from scratch, and first to use the Proof of Importance algorithm using EigenTrust++ reputation system. | |
2014 | PotCoin | POT | Potcoin core dev team | Scrypt | C++[37] | PoS | Developed to service the legalized cannabis industry in the United States. | |
2014 | Titcoin | TIT | Edward Mansfield & Richard Allen[38] | SHA-256d | TypeScript, C++[39] | PoW | The first cryptocurrency to be nominated for a major adult industry award.[40] | |
2014 | Verge | XVG | Sunerok | Scrypt, x17, groestl, blake2s, and lyra2rev2 | C, C++[41] | PoW | Features anonymous transactions using Tor. | |
2014 | Stellar | XLM | Jed McCaleb | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [42] | C, C++[43] | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [42] | Open-source, decentralized global financial network. | |
2014 | Vertcoin | VTC | David Muller[44] | Lyra2RE[45] | C++[46] | PoW | Aims to be ASIC resistant. | |
2015 | Ether or "Ethereum" | ETH | Vitalik Buterin[47] | Ethash[48] | C++, Go[49] | PoW | Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. | |
2015 | Ethereum Classic | ETC | Ethash[48] | PoW | An alternative version of Ethereum[50] whose blockchain does not include the DAO Hard-fork.[51] Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. | |||
2015 | Nano | Nano | Colin LeMahieu | Blake2 | C++[citation needed] | Open Representative Voting[52] | Decentralized, feeless, open-source, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency. First to use a Block Lattice structure. | |
2015 | Tether | USDT | Jan Ludovicus van der Velde[53] | Omnicore [54] | PoW | Tether claims to be backed by USD at a 1 to 1 ratio. The company has been unable to produce promised audits.[55] | ||
2016 | Zcash | ZEC | Zooko Wilcox | Equihash | C++[56] | PoW | The first open, permissionless financial system employing zero-knowledge security. | |
2017 | Bitcoin Cash | BCH[57] | SHA-256d | PoW | Hard fork from Bitcoin, Increased Block size from 1mb to 8mb | |||
2017 | EOS.IO | EOS | Dan Larimer | WebAssembly, Rust, C, C++[58] | delegated PoS | Feeless Smart contract platform for decentralized applications and decentralized autonomous corporations with a block time of 500 ms.[58] |
Inactive
Release | Currency | Symbol | Founder(s) | Hash algorithm | Programming language of implementation | Cryptocurrency blockchain (PoS, PoW, or other) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | Coinye | KOI, COYE | Scrypt | PoW | Used American hip hop artist Kanye West as its mascot, abandoned after he filed a trademark lawsuit. | ||
2017 | BitConnect | BCC | BitConnect was described as an open source, all-in-one bitcoin and crypto community platform but was later discovered to be a Ponzi scheme. | ||||
2018 | KodakCoin | Kodak and WENN Digital | Ethash[59] | KodakCoin is a "photographer-centric" blockchain cryptocurrency used for payments for licensing photographs. | |||
2018 | Petro | Venezuelan Government | onixCoin[60] | C++[61] | Stated by Nicolás Maduro to be backed by Venezuela's reserves of oil. As of August 2018[update] it does not appear to function as a currency.[62] | ||
OneCoin | Ruja Ignatova and Stephen Greenwood | A ponzi scheme promoted as a cryptocurrency. |
Notes
- ^ It is not known whether the name "Satoshi Nakamoto" is real or a pseudonym, nor whether it represents one person or a group.
- ^ Via Masternodes containing 1000 DASH held as collateral for "Proof of Service". Through an automated voting mechanism, one Masternode is selected per block and receives 45% of mining rewards.
See also
References
- ^ Cryptocurrencies: A Brief Thematic Review. Economics of Networks Journal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Date accessed August 28, 2017.
- ^ Dixon, Lance (December 24, 2013). "Building Bitcoin use in South Florida and beyond". Miami Herald. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ Taylor, Michael Bedford (2013). "Bitcoin and the age of bespoke silicon" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded Systems. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press. ISBN 978-1-4799-1400-5. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ a b Steadman, Ian (May 7, 2013). "Wary of Bitcoin? A guide to some other crypto currencies". Wired UK. Condé Nast UK.
- ^ "Bitcoin on GitHub".
- ^ Hobson, Dominic (2013). "What is Bitcoin?". XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students. Vol. 20, no. 1. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 40–44. doi:10.1145/2510124. ISSN 1528-4972.
- ^ Reynard, Cherry (May 25, 2018). "What are the top 10 cryptocurrencies?". The Telegraph. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^ Kharpal, Arjun (February 6, 2018). "Over $550 billion of value wiped off cryptocurrencies since their record high just under a month ago". CNBC. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^ "Litecoin on GitHub".
- ^ "vinced/namecoin: Vince's tree – see namecoin/namecoin for main integration tree". GitHub. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Keller, Levin (March 19, 2011). "Namecoin – a distributed name system based on Bitcoin". Prezi.
- ^ "Namecoin on GitHub". Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ "Peercoin on GitHub".
- ^ A History of Dogecoin. Dogecoin Analysis Report. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed December 28, 2017.
- ^ "Intro – Dogecoin # Technical specifications". Dogeco.in. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- ^ "Dog E Coin on GitHub".
- ^ "GridCoin on GitHub".
- ^ Halford, Rob. "Gridcoin: Crypto-Currency using Berkeley Open Infrastructure Network Computing Grid as a Proof Of Work" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- ^ a b "FAQ · primecoin/primecoin Wiki · GitHub". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Primecoin on GitHub".
- ^ Chayka, Kyle (July 2, 2013). "What Comes After Bitcoin?". Pacific Standard. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ^ Vega, Danny (December 4, 2013). "Ripple's Big Move: Mining Crypto currency with a Purpose". Seattlepi.com. Hearst Seattle Media, LLC, a division of The Hearst Corporation.
- ^ Simonite, Tom (April 11, 2013). "Big-name investors back effort to build a better Bitcoin". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ "How it works – Ripple Wiki". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Rippled on GitHub".
- ^ "NXT Whitepaper". NxtWiki – Whitepaper. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
- ^ "NXT on Bitbucket".
- ^ Casey, Michael J. (March 5, 2014). "Auroracoin already third-biggest cryptocoin–and it's not even out yet". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Auroracoin on GitHub".
- ^ Scharr, Jill (May 28, 2014). "What is Dash? An FAQ". Tom's Guide.
- ^ "Dash on GitHub".
- ^ "NEO on GitHub".
- ^ "MazaCoin on GitHub".
- ^ "CryptoNight – Bitcoin Wiki". En.bitcoin.it. June 19, 2014. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Monero on GitHub".
- ^ "NEM on GitHub".
- ^ "PotCoin on GitHub".
- ^ Mercier Voyer, Stephanie. "Titcoin Is a Brand New Cryptocurrency for Porn Purchases". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ^ "Titcoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Titcoin Receives Two Web & Tech XBIZ Nominations". Payout Magazine. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
- ^ "Verge on GitHub".
- ^ a b "Stellar.org White Papers" (PDF). Stellar.org.
- ^ "Stellar on GitHub".
- ^ Charlton, Alistair (February 5, 2014). "Vertcoin: The Soaring Cryptocurrency Set to Surpass Bitcoin". International Business Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ "Lyra2RE – A new PoW algorithm for an ASIC-free future" (PDF). November 29, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 25, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2017.
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(help) - ^ "Vertcoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network". Wired.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ a b "Ethash". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Ethereum on GitHub".
- ^ "README/README.md at master". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Adinolfi, Joseph. "Exclusive: Grayscale launches digital-currency fund backed by Silver Lake's co-founder Hutchins". MarketWatch. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ Md Sadek Ferdous; Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury; Hoque, Mohammad A.; Colman, Alan (January 20, 2020), Blockchain Consensuses Algorithms: A Survey, arXiv:2001.07091, Bibcode:2020arXiv200107091S
- ^ "Mystery Shrouds Tether". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ "Tether White Paper" (PDF). Tether. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ Leising, Matthew (June 20, 2018). "Tether Hired Former FBI Director's Law Firm to Vet Finances". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ^ "Zcash on GitHub".
- ^ "Bitcoin Cash Markets and Dillema". CryptoCoinCharts. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^ a b "Documentation: EOS.IO Documents". February 10, 2018 – via GitHub.
- ^ Ray, Tiernan (January 9, 2018). "Kodak CEO: Blockchain Significant, Though Not a Doubling in Stock Price". Barrons. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ^ "Onix's white paper" (PDF). www.onixcoin.com. January 13, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ "OnixCoin on GitHub".
- ^ Ellsworth, Brian (August 30, 2018). "Special Report: In Venezuela, new cryptocurrency is nowhere to be found". Reuters. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
The coin is not sold on any major cryptocurrency exchange. No shops are known to accept it.