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Soccer in Australia

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Soccer in Australia
The Australian national team playing at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, May 2006.
CountryAustralia
Governing bodyFootball Federation Australia
National team(s)Australia national soccer team
Nickname(s)Socceroos, Matildas
First played7th August 1875 Goodna Queensland.
Clubs14,021[citation needed]
National competitions
Club competitions
International competitions
Audience records
Single match114,000
Spain vs Cameroon; Stadium Australia, 30 September 2000[1] (National teams)
99,382
Real Madrid vs Manchester City; Melbourne Cricket Ground, 24 July 2015 (Club teams)

Soccer, also known as football, is the most played outdoor team sport in Australia,[4][5] and ranks in the top ten for television audience.[6] The national governing body of the sport is Football Federation Australia (FFA), which until 2019, organised the A-League, W-League, and still organises the FFA Cup, as well as the men's and women's national teams (known as the Socceroos and the Matildas, respectively). The FFA comprises nine state and territory member federations, which oversee the sport within their respective region.

Modern soccer was introduced in Australia in the late 19th century by mostly British immigrants. The first club formed in the country, Wanderers, was founded on 3 August 1880 in Sydney, while the oldest club in Australia currently in existence is Balgownie Rangers, formed in 1883 in Wollongong. Wanderers were also the first known recorded team to play under the Laws of the Game.

A semi-professional national league, the National Soccer League, was introduced in 1977. The NSL was replaced by a fully professional league, the A-League, in 2004, which has contributed to a rise in popularity in the sport. Australia was a founding member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) before moving to the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 2006.

History

St Kilda Soccer Club at Middle Park, 1909 – one of the earliest known photographs of a soccer club in Australia.

An early match took place at the Woogaroo Lunatic Asylum, located in Wacol, on 7 August 1875, when a team of inmates and wards men from the asylum played against the visiting Brisbane Australian rules football club; the rules of the match which clearly stated that the "ball should not be handled nor carried" was a direct reference to British Association Rules.[7]

A match was recorded to be played in Hobart on 10 May 1879, when members of the Cricketer's Club played a scratch match under English Association Rules, which were adopted by the club.[8] The game was a return match to one played on 24 May by the clubs, under a variant of the Victorian rules; to prevent the disadvantage faced by the Cricketers, the clubs agreed that that Association rules would be adopted in the return match.[8]

The first recorded match in Sydney under the Laws of the Game was contested between Wanderers and members of the Kings School rugby team at Parramatta Common on 14 August 1880.[9] The Wanderers, considered the first soccer club in Australia, was established on 3 August 1880, by English-émigré John Walter Fletcher. Later, in 1882, Fletcher formed the New South Wales English Football Association (also referred to as the South British Football Soccer Association), the very first administrative governing body of soccer within Australia and one of the first to be established outside the United Kingdom.[9]

In 1883, Balgownie Rangers, the oldest existing club in Australia was founded; the club currently competes in the Illawarra regional league.[10] Later that year, the first inter-colonial game was played at the East Melbourne Cricket Ground, between a representative Victorian team and one from the neighbouring colony of New South Wales.[11]

As soccer continued to grow throughout Australia, John Fletcher's New South Wales soccer association gave inspiration to other states to establish their own governing bodies for the sport. In 1884, Victoria formed its own association, the Anglo-Australian Football Association (now Football Victoria), as did Queensland, in the Anglo-Queensland Football Association (now, Football Queensland), and Northern New South Wales, in the Northern District British Football Association (now, Northern New South Wales Football). In 1896, the Western Australian Soccer Football Association was formed. In 1900, a Tasmanian association was formed, and later, the South Australian British Football Association was formed in 1902.[12]

It was not until 1911 that a governing body was formed to oversee soccer activities in the whole of Australia. The first such organisation was called the Commonwealth Football Association.[13] However, this body was superseded by the Australian Soccer Association, which was formed in 1921.[9]

Australia is regarded as the first country where squad numbers in soccer were used for the first time when Sydney Leichardt and HMS Powerful players displayed numbers on their backs, in 1911.[14] One year later, numbering in soccer would be ruled as mandatory in New South Wales.[15]

The first Australia national team playing in game 2 against New Zealand during Australia's first ever tour to New Zealand in 1922

On 17 June 1922, the first Australian national representative soccer team was constituted by the Australian Soccer Association to represent Australia for a tour of New Zealand. During the tour the Australia men's national team lost two out of the three matches against the newly formed New Zealand side.[16]

With British and Southern Europeans settlers it was immensely popular and this led to establishing soccer as a major sport in the country.

A distinct rise in popularity in New South Wales and Victoria, among other states, was linked to the post-war immigration. Migrant players and supporters were prominent, providing the sport with a new but distinct profile. Soccer served as a cultural gateway for many emigrants, acting as a social lubricant. Soccer transcended cultural and language barriers in communities which bridged the gap between minority communities and other classes within the country, thus bringing about a unique unity.[17][18] The most prominent soccer clubs in Australian cities during the 1950s and 1960s were based around migrant-ethnic groups, all of which expanded rapidly at that time: Croatian, Greek, Macedonian and Italian communities gave rise to most of the largest clubs, the most notable being South Melbourne (Greek-based), Sydney Olympic (Greek-based), Marconi Stallions (Italian-based), Adelaide City (Italian-based), Melbourne Knights (Croatian-based), Sydney United (Croatian-based) and Preston Lions (Macedonian-based).

Creating national foundations

In 1956, Australia became a FIFA member through the Australian Soccer Association. Though Australia's membership was soon suspended in 1960 after disobeying FIFA mandate on recruiting foreign players without a transfer fee.[19] In 1961, the Australian Soccer Federation was formed and later admitted to FIFA in 1963, after outstanding fines had been paid. In 1966, Australia became founding members of the Oceania Football Federation (now Oceania Football Confederation).[citation needed]

Pre-1960s, competitive soccer in Australia was state-based. In 1962, the Australia Cup was established,[20] but its ambition of becoming an FA Cup style knockout competition went unfulfilled with its demise in 1968. In 1977, the first national soccer competition, the National Soccer League, was founded.[21] In 1984, the National Soccer Youth League was founded as a reserve and academy league to run in parallel to the National Soccer League. In 1996, the first national women's football competition, the Women's National Soccer League was founded. The National Soccer League and those for women and youth flourished through the 1980s and early 1990s, though with the increasing departure of Australian players to overseas leagues.

Soccer reached notable popularity among Australian people during the second half of the 20th century. Johnny Warren, a prominent advocate for the sport, who was a member of the Australia national team at their first FIFA World Cup appearance in 1974, entitled his memoir Sheilas, Wogs, and Poofters (a reference to the Australian slang: sheila, wog, poofter), giving an indication of how Warren considered the wider Australian community viewed "wogball".[9]

In the mid-1990s, Soccer Australia (the governing body for the sport) attempted under the Chairmanship of David Hill to shift soccer into the Australian mainstream and away from direct club-level association with migrant roots. Many clubs across the country were required to change their names and badges to represent a more inclusive community.[22]

in the structure, governance and management of football in Australia led the restructure of Football Federation Australia (previously Australian Soccer Federation, Soccer Australia, Australia Soccer Association) and later in 2005, the succeeding relaunched national competition, the A-League. The restructuring of the sport in Australia also saw the adoption of "football", in preference to "soccer", to align with the general international name of the sport.[23] Although the use of "football" was largely cultural, as part of an attempt to reposition the sport within Australia, there were also "practical and corporate reasons for the change", including a need for the sport to break away from the baggage left over from previous competitions.[23] However, the move created problems within the wider community, engendering confusion due to the naming conflict with other football codes, and creating conflict with other sporting bodies.[24]

Australia ended a 32-year absent streak when the nation team qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The team's qualification and success in the tournament helped increased the profile and popularity of the sport in the country.[25]

The national team qualified for second and third consecutive FIFA World Cups in 2010 and 2014; and placed second in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. The joining of Western Sydney Wanderers to the A-League in 2012 saw a rise in interest for the league within Australia, particularly increasing mainstream interest[26] and re-engagement with disaffected Western Sydney football fans. Also, the formation of the National Premier Leagues in 2013 and subsequent restructuring of state leagues as part of the National Competition Review and Elite Player Pathway Review has paved the way for the development of the sport throughout the country.[27][28] The launch of the FFA Cup in 2014, has also similarly increased mainstream interest and grassroots development.

Organisation

Main articles: Football Federation Australia and Professional Footballers Australia

Soccer in Australia is governed by Football Federation Australia (FFA) which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. FFA is underpinned by nine member federations which oversee all aspects of the sport within their respective region, including the organisation of state league and cup tournaments as opposed to national tournaments which are organised by FFA. Member federations are state-based, although New South Wales is divided into a northern and southern federation.[29]

Former and current Australian professional soccer players are represented by the Professional Footballers Australia (PFA), a trade union affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions and a member of FIFPro, the global representative organisation for professional footballers.[30] The association tends to footballer's pay and conditions, and also protects footballers from unfair dismissal.

Participation

According to FIFA's Big Count in 2006, a total of 970,728 people in Australia participated in the sport, with 435,728 registered players, and 535,000 unregistered players.[31] These numbers were higher than the equivalents for other sports such as cricket, Australian rules football, rugby league and rugby union.[32] In 2013, an audit on the sport by Gemba found that 1.96 million Australians were actively involved in the game as a player.[3] When coaches, referees and fans are included it is estimated that involvement with the sport is around 3.1 million.[33]

Competitions

See also: Australian soccer league system
An A-League match between Newcastle Jets and Sydney FC at Newcastle Stadium, 3 November 2007.

In Australia, domestic soccer competitions run all year, with the competition season depending on the level of professionalism of the league. The professional league operates during the Australian summer season and semi-professional/amateur leagues compete during the Australian winter season.

Since 1977, the league system in Australia has involved one national top tier league controlled by the national body and many leagues that run below within each state, with no promotion and relegation linking the two.[34] As the third least densely populated country in the world, Australia's large geographical area and the spread of the population, concentrated mainly around urban areas, is reason for a lack in national competition and a greater focus on state-based competition.

The National Soccer League (NSL) was established in 1977, as the first national top tier soccer competition in Australia, with teams based in five (eventually six) states.[35] In 2004, the NSL was disbanded and replaced by the A-League.[36] The first season of the new league began in 2005.[36] The National Youth League was also launched in 2008 to provide a national youth development league for A-League clubs.[37] In 2013, the National Premier Leagues (NPL) was established as a national second tier banner of the sport, underpinning the A-League.[38] The NPL consists of the top-tier league competitions within each state federation (currently eight) in Australia.[38] The eight league winners compete in a finals series at the conclusion of the regular season to determine the champion.

The FFA Cup is Australia's national knock-out cup competition involving all teams in the A-League and other teams qualifying via preliminary competitions. Previous attempts at a national knock-out cup competition include the Australia Cup and the NSL Cup.[39] As well as the national FFA Cup, each State also has its own cup competition run by its respective State soccer federation. Some State competitions restrict the participants only to professional top flight or semi-professional clubs, whilst others have more open entries via invitation or qualifying rounds.

Similarly to the men's national competition, the women's W-League replaced the long dormant Women's National Soccer League as the women's national top tier league in 2008.[40] The women's league system also involves one national top tier league controlled by the national body and many leagues that run below within each state, with no promotion or relegation linking the two.

The Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament holds the honour of being the oldest national soccer competition still running in Australia starting in 1974.[41][circular reference]

Men's national teams

National Men's soccer teams of various age groups represent Australia in international competition. Australian national teams historically competed in the OFC, though since FFA's move in 2006, Australian teams have competed in AFC competitions.

The Australia national soccer team, nicknamed the "Socceroos", represents Australia in international soccer. Australia is a four-time OFC champion, one time Asian champion and AFC National Team of the Year for 2006. The Men's team has represented Australia at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1974, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018.

In the Olympic arena, Australia first fielded a men's team at the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne. Australia did not compete again in the Olympic arena, until the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Apart from London 2012, where it failed to qualify a team, Australia has competed in all Olympic Men's Football competitions since 1988.[42]

There are also a number of national youth teams: Under-17 team, nicknamed the "Joeys"; Under-20 team, nicknamed the "Young Socceroos"; and the Under-23 team, nicknamed the "Olyroos". The latter is considered to be a feeder team for the national team.

In addition there is a beach team, nicknamed the "Beach Socceroos", which represents Australia in international beach soccer and a Paralympic team, nicknamed the "Pararoos", which competes in international Paralympic association football.

Women's soccer

Further information: Women's soccer in Australia

The participation of Australian women in soccer was first recorded in the early 1920s.[9] It has since become one of the country's most popular women's team sports. As with the men's game, the women's game in Australia saw a large expansion following the post-war immigration, though it is only in recent years that women's soccer has gained momentum, with such factors as the creation of the W-League and the success of the Australia women's national soccer team nicknamed the "Matildas" aiding the increasing popularity of the game.[9][43][44]

Women's soccer was added to the Olympic program in 1996, with Australia first fielding a Women's team at Sydney 2000. Australia fielded a team at the Athens 2004 Olympics, but did not qualify for the final Olympic tournament again until Rio 2016.[42]

Variations

Further information: Futsal in Australia

Futsal, an indoor variant of soccer, was introduced in Australia in the early 1970s and soon gained popularity after a wet period during the winter football season forced players indoors where they took up the new sport.[45][46]

Media coverage

Pay television is the predominant outlet for both domestic and international soccer in Australia. Some games can also be heard on local radio stations. The anti-siphoning list which controls what must be kept on free to air television in Australia includes only the FA Cup games.[47] The A-League will be added to the anti-siphoning list, but not until 2014 in order to prevent a breach of contract on the part of FFA.[48]

A A$120 million, seven-year broadcasting deal between FFA and Fox Sports gave the Australian sports channel group exclusive rights from 2007 to all Australia internationals, all A-League and AFC Asian Cup fixtures, FIFA World Cup qualifiers through the AFC, and all AFC Champions League matches.[49] In 2013, FFA signed a joint A$160 million, four-year deal with Fox Sports and SBS for the A-League.[50]

Since 1986, SBS has been the official Australian broadcast rights holder for the FIFA World Cup, and the television network will continue to hold the rights to the competition until 2022.[51]

Seasons

The following articles are an incomplete list of Seasons in Soccer in Australia. Each article covers the national leagues played that season as well as the highest state based league played in the first calendar year, as well as games played by all national teams during that period.

1970s 1977 1978 1979
1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989–90
1990s 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000
2000s 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10
2010s 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20

Notable modern Australian players

Tim Cahill with Australia in 2009

See also

References

  1. ^ Higham 2012, p. 99.
  2. ^ "Soccer is closing in as Australia's most popular sport". smh.com.au. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Football participation reaches 1.96 million Australians". Football Federation Australia. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013. Cite error: The named reference "Football Federation Australia" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ "Australia's most popular sport: Landmark study". The New Daily. 28 March 2018.
  5. ^ "The Top 20 sports played by Aussies young and old(er)". Roy Morgan. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  6. ^ "AFL is clearly Australia's most watched Football Code, while V8 Supercars have the local edge over Formula 1". Roy Morgan. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  7. ^ "Football. Fourth match of the season. Brisbane club v. Woogaroo asylum". The Queenslander. 14 July 1975. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  8. ^ a b "NEW TOWN V. CRICKETERS". The Mercury. 26 May 1879. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Timeline of Australian Football". New South Wales Migration Heritage Centre, Powerhouse Museum. 2006. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  10. ^ "Balgownie Rangers Soccer Club – Club History". 2006. Archived from the original on 24 August 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
  11. ^ "interstate soccer 1883". trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  12. ^ "Football in South Africa Timeline". Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  13. ^ "COMMONWEALTH ASSOCIATION". trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  14. ^ The Secret Lives of Numbers: The Curious Truth Behind Everyday Digits by Michael Millar, Virgin Books, 2012 – ISBN 978-0753540862
  15. ^ Así nació la tradición de usar números en las camisetas by Gustavo Farías on La Voz del Interior, 22 Aug 2013
  16. ^ "Australia Vs New Zealand 1922". ozfootball.net. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  17. ^ Bloomfield, John (2003). Australia's Sporting Success: The Inside Story. UNSW Press. ISBN 978-0-86840-582-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  18. ^ Anastasios Tamis (30 May 2005). The Greeks in Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-521-54743-7. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  19. ^ http://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30015957/hay-ourwickedgame-2006.pdf
  20. ^ "Australia - List of Cup Winners". www.rsssf.com.
  21. ^ http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/NSL/NSL.shtml
  22. ^ "MARKETING MEETS MULTICULTURALISM: DAVID HILL'S NATIONAL MERCHANDISING PLAN, 1996-97". Leopold Method. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  23. ^ a b "Mainstream Aussie press finally adopting the term football as soccer seen as thing of the past". news.com.au. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  24. ^ Rosenberga, Buck Clifford. (2009). "The Australian football wars: fan narratives of inter‐code and intra‐code conflict". Soccer & Society. 10:2. pp. 245-260.
  25. ^ "History of the Australian Socceroos at the World Cup". topendsports.com. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  26. ^ "Solskjaer, Western Sydney Wanderers and aspiring Bangladeshis". World Football. 22 February 2013. 28 minutes in. BBC World Service. Retrieved 20 April 2013. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |episodelink= and |city= (help)
  27. ^ "National Competition review and Elite Player Pathway Review". foxsportspulse.com. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  28. ^ "FFA releases outcomes of National Competitions Review". footballaustralia.com.au. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  29. ^ "About". northernnswfootball.com.au. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  30. ^ "FIFPRO – The World Players' Union". pfa.net.au. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  31. ^ "COUNTRY INFO Australia (AUS)". FIFA. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  32. ^ "Participation in Exercise, Recreation and Sport" (PDF). Australian Government. 2011. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  33. ^ "3.1 Million people involved in Soccer". smh.com.au. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  34. ^ "Why not one national league?". Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  35. ^ "A brief history of the NSL (Part I)". theroar.com.au. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  36. ^ a b "New national soccer league launched". smh.com.au. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  37. ^ "Youth league set to kick off". foxsports.com.au. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  38. ^ a b "National Premier Leagues". footballaustralia.com.au. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  39. ^ "FFA Cup set for 2014 kick off". Football Federation Australia. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  40. ^ "The Australian Womens National Soccer League". ozfootball.net. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  41. ^ Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament
  42. ^ a b "Australian Olympic Committee Sports: Football". AOC. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  43. ^ "Football women are in a league of their own on". The Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  44. ^ "Women's football on the rise". theroar.com.au. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  45. ^ "Futsalroos History". Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  46. ^ "History of Futsal". aussieindoorsports.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  47. ^ "Broadcasting Services (Events) Notice (No. 1) 2004" (PDF).
  48. ^ "Socceroos games to be added to anti-siphoning list". Sportbusiness.com. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  49. ^ "Historic deal to secure Football's future". 3 May 2006.
  50. ^ "SBS / FOX Sports in broadcasting deal with FFA". www.tvtonight.com.au. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  51. ^ "SBS to broadcast FIFA World Cups in 2018 and 2022". theworldgame.sbs.com.au. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
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