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WHNS, virtual channel 21 (UHF digital channel 17), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Greenville, South Carolina, United States, serving Upstate South Carolina and Western North Carolina. The station is owned by the Meredith Local Media subsidiary of Des Moines, Iowa-based Meredith Corporation. WHNS' studios are located on Interstate Court (just northwest of Interstate 85) in Greenville, and its transmitter is located atop Slick Rock Mountain in Transylvania County, North Carolina (5 miles (8 km) southeast of Brevard).

History

Channel 21 license prior to 1979

Main article: WANC-TV

WHNS operates on the oldest active television station license in the market, though the connection is indirect. WISE-TV launched in Asheville, North Carolina, on August 2, 1953. Broadcasting on channel 62, it was a primary NBC affiliate which also carried programs from ABC, CBS, and DuMont.[1] ABC and DuMont moved to WLOS (channel 13) when that station signed on in September 1954.[2] In 1967, the station changed its call letters to WANC-TV; the next year, it dropped its remaining NBC programming as its ownership brought a cable system to Asheville.[3] WANC-TV moved from channel 62 to 21 in 1971, airing a limited amount of Christian television programming throughout the 1970s by simulcasting WGGS-TV in Greenville. The owner of WANC-TV, Thoms Broadcasting, reached a deal to sell WANC-TV to the owners of WGGS-TV in 1977; the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) forced the deal's demise in January 1979, saying that, as WGGS-TV could move to a transmitter site from which it could also serve Asheville, the ownership of two stations would be a wasteful use of spectrum.[4]

Rebuilding channel 21

After the sale to Carolina Christian Broadcasting collapsed, Thoms lost the lease on the channel 21 antenna site, and the station went off the air. Thoms reached a deal to sell WANC-TV to Pappas Telecasting of Visalia, California, for $206,000 in June 1979.[5] The sale became effective September 14, and twelve days later, on September 26, the call letters were changed to WHNS.[6]

WANC-TV's signal had only reached Asheville and did not extend beyond the South Carolina state line.[7] Pappas began the process of filing for new, much more powerful facilities on Slick Rock Mountain just a month after taking possession of the license.[6][8] However, in 1981, the FCC designated its application for hearing. WGGS-TV had filed to move its transmitter to Caesar's Head in Greenville County, South Carolina, and the two applications were mutually exclusive for technical reasons. While WGGS-TV dropped its conflicting application, another problem had emerged: the proposed facility would not provide a strong enough signal to three percent of the city of Asheville, the city of license, because of shadowing by mountains. As a result, the FCC denied the initial application in 1982.[9] Pappas appealed: the FCC review board found in Pappas's favor given the circumstances, finding that the company's push to restore channel 21's service to Asheville, limited choice of suitable sites, and good faith efforts outweighed the shadowing issues.[10]

With approval from the FCC in hand, Pappas set out to rebuild the station. An existing building near Interstate 85 and Pelham Road, midway between Greenville and Spartanburg, was refitted to serve as the main WHNS studio base; delays in establishing more than a temporary presence in Asheville attracted protests from competitor WAXA-TV (channel 40) in Anderson.[11] The delays were due to site work and sale negotiations.[12]

WHNS began broadcasting April 1, 1984, promoting itself as the market's first general-entertainment independent station.[13] (WAXA-TV, in comparison, did not reach homes in the North Carolina portion of the market.) It used one of the first circularly polarized TV antennas in service, broadcasting 3.5 million watts of power from Slick Rock Mountain.[13] The station represented a $12 million investment in facilities and another $5 million in programs.[14]

WHNS initially ran a schedule typical of an independent on the UHF band, consisting of cartoons, sitcoms, classic movies, drama series and select sporting events. It became the dominant independent station in the region, placing well ahead of WAXA in the ratings. Its original slogan, "It's Your Station" (which was later changed to "We're Your Station" in 1988) would also be used on then-sister stations KMPH-TV in Fresno and KPTM in Omaha, Nebraska.

Becoming a Fox affiliate

WAXA beat out WHNS for a charter affiliation with the upstart Fox Broadcasting Company, which launched in October 1986,[15] even though WAXA had a considerably weaker signal (it was marginal at best in the North Carolina portion of the market and only appeared on Asheville cable systems upon affiliation[16]) and less well-heeled ownership. However, in 1988, WAXA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Pappas, meanwhile, struck a group deal to affiliate KMPH, KPTM and WHNS with Fox: the three stations became Fox affiliates that September.[17] WAXA never recovered from the loss of Fox programming and went off the air on August 31, 1989.[18] After joining the network, WHNS abandoned its "TV-21" brand and changed its on-air branding to "Fox 21".

In 1990, Pappas sold WHNS to Cannell Communications (a broadcast group owned by television producer and author Stephen J. Cannell), earning a handsome return on its original investment; Pappas had successfully built up WHNS as a major player in the market.[19] Cannell sold WHNS to First Media Television in 1994. On January 16, 1995, WHNS took on a secondary affiliation with the United Paramount Network (UPN), airing the network's programming during late night time periods. First Media merged with Meredith Corporation in 1997. In October of that year, UPN's programming moved to WASV—which had been acquired by Pappas two years earlier in 1995. The station became exclusively affiliated with Fox as a result, only to add a secondary affiliation with Pax TV when that network launched on August 31, 1998; WHNS carried select programs from the network until 2003. In the fall of 2002, WHNS began branding itself as "FOX Carolina".

On July 24, 2003, Meredith received FCC approval to change WHNS' city of license from Asheville to Greenville in order to aid identification as a South Carolina station. Under the terms of the reallotment, the station was required to retain city-grade coverage of Asheville and to maintain its existing public interest obligations to that city.[20]

In March 2009, the Meredith Corporation announced that WHNS and Nashville sister station WSMV-TV would have their master control operations moved to a new master control hub based out of the studio facilities of Atlanta sister station WGCL-TV, which began operations in the fall of 2009.[21] Three other Meredith-owned stations, in Kansas City, Hartford/New Haven and Bay City, Michigan were later added to this hub in 2010. Meredith operates a similar hub at KPHO-TV in Phoenix to handle its stations in the Las Vegas and Portland, Oregon/Vancouver, Washington markets.

On September 8, 2015, Media General announced that it would acquire Meredith for $2.4 billion, with the combined group to be renamed Meredith Media General if the sale had been finalized. Because Media General already owns WSPA, and the two stations rank among the four highest-rated stations in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville market in total day viewership, the companies would have been required to sell either WHNS or WSPA to comply with FCC ownership rules as well as recent changes to those rules regarding same-market television stations that restrict sharing agreements; CW affiliate WYCW (channel 62) was the only one of the three stations affected by the merger that could have been legally be acquired by Meredith Media General either by forming a new duopoly with WHNS or maintaining its duopoly with WSPA, as that station's total day viewership ranks below the top-four ratings threshold.[22][23] However, on January 27, 2016, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire Media General, resulting in the termination of Meredith's acquisition by Media General.

Digital television

Digital channels

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Channel Video Aspect PSIP Short Name Programming[24]
21.1 720p 16:9 WHNS-DT Main WHNS programming / Fox
21.2 480i WHNS-2 Cozi TV[25]
21.3 WHNS-3 Court TV Mystery[26][27]
21.4 WHNS-4 Bounce TV
21.5 WHNS-5 Grit

From 2007 to 2015, WHNS carried a 24-hour local weather channel on its second digital subchannel, which was branded as "Fox Carolina 3D Radar". Through separate affiliation agreements involving Meredith Corporation and those networks' respective owners (NBCUniversal and Katz Broadcasting) that were signed within days of each other, on March 23, 2015, WHNS announced it would affiliate its second digital subchannel with Cozi TV and launch a third subchannel affiliated with Escape onto its digital signal that spring. On April 15, 2015, the 21.2 subchannel became a Cozi TV affiliate, while the new 21.3 subchannel launched as an Escape affiliate.[25][26] In June 2017, a fourth subchannel was added, launching 21.4 as a Bounce affiliate.[28]

Analog-to-digital conversion

WHNS discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 21, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 57, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era UHF channel 21.[29][30]

Out-of-market cable carriage

In recent years, WHNS has been carried on cable systems within the Augusta and Columbia markets in South Carolina, and the Atlanta market in Georgia.[31]

Programming

Syndicated programs broadcast by WHNS include Friends, The Simpsons (which also airs first run episodes), The Wendy Williams Show, The Big Bang Theory and The Doctors. In addition, WHNS produces Better Carolinas, which airs weekday mornings at 10:00 a.m. and features a mix of segments from the Meredith-distributed syndicated program The Better Show and segments produced locally at WHNS' Greenville studios.

News operation

WHNS presently broadcasts 42 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with eight hours on weekdays and one hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). In terms of the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the largest local output among the market's individual stations (WLOS, along with sister station WMYA-TV along with WSPA and sister station WYCW produce more hours of newscasts with their combined operations).

WHNS launched the first primetime newscast in the Greenville-Spartanburg market in September 1996, when CBS affiliate WSPA-TV (channel 7) began to produce a nightly half-hour newscast at 10:00 p.m. through a news share agreement. The program was produced from WSPA's main news set at its International Drive studio facility in Spartanburg and utilized WSPA's anchors and reporters; however, the newscast had a different on-air identity and graphics package than that seen on WSPA's newscasts. Meredith Corporation terminated the news share agreement in 1999, when the station began developing its own in-house news department; its news operation launched that fall with the debut of an hour-long 10:00 p.m. newscast.

The station eventually expanded their news offerings, adding a morning newscast.

On May 14, 2007, assignment editor Joe Loy was filming the aftermath of a traffic accident on a local highway when another accident occurred right behind him. Loy managed to tape that accident as a white van, which possibly went out-of-control because of a red pickup truck, spun towards and hit him, killing him instantly.

In September 2009, WHNS expanded its news programming into early evenings with the debut of a half-hour newscast at 6:30 p.m.

In 2011, WHNS began broadcasting its local newscasts in widescreen enhanced definition. The station ultimately upgraded its news production to high definition in 2014.

In September 2012, the station canceled their 6:30 p.m. newscast due to low ratings, but the following week launched an 11:00 p.m. newscast, airing Monday through Friday.

In October 2014, WHNS added a weekday hour-long 4:00 p.m. newscast, called The Four O'Clock News. [32]

In 2017, the station added a 5:00 p.m. newscast and expanded their morning news from 4:30 a.m. until 9:00 a.m.

The station's 10:00 p.m. newscast is the highest-rated primetime newscast in the market in that timeslot (outranking the WLOS-produced newscast on WMYA-TV and the WSPA-produced newscast on WYCW) and its other newscasts are seen as competitive in the market.

Translators

WHNS operates five translators across the mountains of western North Carolina. These translators serve as low-power, limited-area repeaters that bring the network's signal to towns in deep mountain valleys where the parent signal is blocked by the surrounding terrain. All digital translators use PSIP virtual channel 21.

Station City of license Channel ERP
kW 		HAAT
m (ft) 		Facility ID Transmitter Coordinates Notes
W15CW-D Franklin 15 (UHF) 5 651 m (2,136 ft) 72305 35°10′22″N 83°34′53″W / 35.17278°N 83.58139°W / 35.17278; -83.58139 (W15CW-D) Former callsign W64BO.
W34DX-D West Asheville 34 (UHF) 7 377 m (1,237 ft) 72302 35°35′23″N 82°40′28″W / 35.58972°N 82.67444°W / 35.58972; -82.67444 (W34DX-D) Former callsign W14AS.
W21DV-D Bryson City 21 (UHF) 4.9 602 m (1,975 ft) 72306 35°22′53″N 83°24′52″W / 35.38139°N 83.41444°W / 35.38139; -83.41444 (W21DV-D) Former callsign W69CN.
W23EZ-D Sylva 23 (UHF) 5 691 m (2,267 ft) 72301 35°19′35″N 83°20′06″W / 35.32639°N 83.33500°W / 35.32639; -83.33500 (W23EZ-D) Former callsigns W66BU and W44CX-D.
W26FB-D Canton / Waynesville 26 (UHF) 5 442 m (1,450 ft) 72304 35°34′06″N 82°54′27″W / 35.56833°N 82.90750°W / 35.56833; -82.90750 (W26FB-D) Former callsign W57BG.

WHNS has one decommissioned translator.

Station City of license Channel ERP
kW 		HAAT
m (ft) 		Facility ID Transmitter Coordinates Notes
W35AV Black Mountain 35 (UHF) 0.59 688 m (2,257 ft) 72303 35°34′05″N 82°23′02″W / 35.56806°N 82.38389°W / 35.56806; -82.38389 (W35AV) Permit cancelled on 11/18/2015.[33][34]

References

  1. ^ "WISE-TV Has Debut On Air". Asheville Citizen. August 2, 1953. p. 14. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  2. ^ "Telecasts By WLOS To Start Today". Asheville Citizen. September 18, 1954. p. 14. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  3. ^ "First Cable TV Service Expected Here By Feb. 1, Thoms Announces". Asheville Citizen. November 2, 1967. p. 45. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  4. ^ "CCB blocked in try for Asheville U" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 29, 1979. pp. 50, 51. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  5. ^ "Changing Hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. July 2, 1979. p. 79. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  6. ^ a b FCC History Cards for WHNS (covering almost exclusively the WISE-TV/WANC-TV history)
  7. ^ "WANC-TV" (PDF). Television Factbook. 1979. p. 605-b (607). Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  8. ^ "Station To Begin Broadcasting In '81". Asheville Citizen. August 15, 1980. p. 21. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  9. ^ "Weak signal cited: Agency puts WHNS-TV on hold". Asheville Citizen. Associated Press. July 22, 1982. p. 24. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  10. ^ Federal Communications Commission (January 4, 1983). "FCC 83R-1 Decision". FCC Reports, Second Series. pp. 1288–1293. Retrieved June 9, 2020 – via UNT Digital Library.
  11. ^ Harrison, Tom (June 3, 1984). "The FCC steps in: A rival charges TV-21 with false promises". Greenville News. p. TV Spotlight 26. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  12. ^ Nivens, David (March 1, 1984). "Channel 21 Planning April 1 Debut". Asheville Citizen. p. 11. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Harrison, Tom (April 1, 1984). "TV-21: on the air". Greenville News. pp. TV Spotlight 24, 25. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  14. ^ Kiss, Tony (May 17, 1984). "Starting New TV Station Complex". Asheville Citizen. p. 21. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  15. ^ "WAXA-TV 40 holds sole Fox affiliation in market". Greenville News. October 10, 1986. p. 8D. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  16. ^ "Fox Signs Up WAXA To Network Contract". Asheville Citizen-Times. October 5, 1986. p. 7L. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  17. ^ Eskola, David (July 30, 1988). "WHNS to become Fox Network affiliate". Greenville News. p. 2C. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  18. ^ Zogg, Jeff (August 23, 1989). "WAXA to go off air regardless of FCC ruling". Greenville News. p. 3C. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  19. ^ Kiss, Tony (November 26, 1989). "Harry Pappas Made Channel 21 Major TV Player". Asheville Citizen-Times. pp. 1L, 8L. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  20. ^ Kreisman, Barbara A. (August 1, 2003). "Report and Order (Proceeding Terminated)" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  21. ^ "Meredith Sets Up Atlanta Hub." Broadcasting & Cable, March 4, 2009. [1]
  22. ^ "Media General Acquiring Meredith For 2.4 Billion". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. September 8, 2015.
  23. ^ Cynthia Littleton (September 8, 2015). "TV Station Mega Merger: Media General Sets $2.4 Billion Acquisition of Meredith Corp". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  24. ^ RabbitEars TV Query for WHNS
  25. ^ a b "Cozi TV Diginet Adds Eight Stations". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. March 23, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  26. ^ a b "Meredith To Add Three Katz Diginets". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. March 20, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  27. ^ Sara Bibel (March 20, 2015). "Meredith Corporation & Katz Broadcasting Announce Multi-Network Distribution Agreement". TV by the Numbers (Press release). Zap2It (Tribune Media Services). Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  28. ^ "WHNS GREENVILLE, SC". www.rabbitears.info. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  29. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-24.
  30. ^ CDBS Print
  31. ^ http://svtvstations.webs.com/svtvstations.htm/
  32. ^ WHNS is adding "The 4:00 O'Clock News", starting October 20th. The Changing Newscasts Blog, October 9th, 2014.
  33. ^ "FCCdata.org: DW35AV". Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  34. ^ "Application Search Details, File Number: BDISDTT-20090824ACP". Retrieved July 18, 2017.

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