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Germany–Serbia relations

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Germany-Serbia relations
Map indicating locations of Germany and Serbia

Germany
Serbia

Germany–Serbia relations are foreign relations between Germany and Serbia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1879. Germany has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Berlin and 5 general consulates (in Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf).[1][2] There are around 505,000 people of Serbian descent living in Germany.[3]

History

Serb-German relations started in the Middle Ages. Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja and Emperor Frederick I had a meeting in modern-day Niš in the 12th century.[4] During the rise of Serbian medieval state, Saxon miners were brough to Serbia in order to further expand the mining industry, which was the main source of wealth and power of Serbian rulers. Saxons were given certain privileges for their work.[5]

Culture of Serbs in Habsburg Monarchy was largely influenced by German culture, and a part of Serbs were subjected to Germanisation. Due to German influences and several other reasons, Serb cultural model was reshaped and looked up to those of countries of Central Europe.[6]

Principality and Kingdom of Serbia held strong relations with Germany. Most of Serbian engineers and technical experts were educated in Germany or German speaking countries, and German was the required language in related higher education institutions.[7] Munich was an important education center for Serb painters. German architects also influenced the Architecture of Serbia.[8] Serbian civil and trade laws, as well as organisation of University of Belgrade was influenced by German models.[9]

Relations of the two countries were on a very low level after the World War I, but trading and joint businesses never stopped.

In the interwar period, German political and cultural influence became less relevant, as France became the primary influence in Kingdom of Yugoslavia and French culture was favored by Serb elites.[10] A total of 62 PhD thesis were defended in German language between the two world wars, of which 31 were in the domain of Economics. A number of students of the University of Belgrade held German scholarships in the 1930s. In the period 1937-1940, around 50 Yugoslav citizens studied in Germany, which is a number second only to France. A number of professor had their Postgraduate education in Germany as well.[11]

Country comparison

Germany Germany Serbia Serbia
Population 81,799,600 7,120,666
Area 357,021 km² (137,847 sq mi) 88,361 km² (34,116 sq mi )
Population density 229/km² (593/sq mi) 144.46/km² (330/sq mi)
Capital Berlin Belgrade
Largest city Berlin – 3,471,756 (6,000,000 Metro) Belgrade – 1,640,000 (2,000,000 Metro)
Government Federal parliamentary constitutional republic Parliamentary republic
Current Leader President Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Chancellor Angela Merkel 		President Aleksandar Vučić
Prime Minister Ana Brnabić
Official languages German Serbian (official provincial languages: Slovak, Hungarian, Romanian, Rusyn, Croatian)
Main religions 30.0% Catholic Christians, 29.9% Protestant Christians,
1.6% Eastern Orthodox Christians, 4.6% to 5.2% Islam 		84.1% Eastern Orthodoxy, 6.24% Roman Catholicism, 3.62% Islam,
2% Protestantism, 5.4% other
Ethnic groups 80.7% Germans, 2.0% Poles, 4.0% Turks and 3.6% European other
(most notably Southern Europeans, Western Europeans and former Yugoslavians) 		83% Serbs, 4% Hungarians, 2% Bosniaks,
1.5% Roma, 1% Yugoslavs, 1% Slovaks, 10% other
GDP (nominal) US$3.577 trillion ($43,741 per capita) $50.061 billion ($6,781 per capita)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Serbian embassy in Berlin (in German and Serbian only)". Embassy of Serbia, Berlin. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  2. ^ "Serbian general consulates in Germany (in German and Serbian only)". Konzulati-rs.de. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  3. ^ (See also Germans of Serbia, Serbs in Germany)
  4. ^ Zbornik Radova Instituta Za Strane Jezike i Književnosti (in Serbian). Institut. 1986.
  5. ^ Katančević, Andreja (4 February 2016). "DA LI SU SASI IMALI PRIVILEGIJE U MEŠOVITIM SPOROVIMA U SREDNJOVEKOVNOJ SRBIJI?". Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu - Časopis za pravne i društvene nauke (in Serbian). 63 (2). ISSN 2406-2693.
  6. ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 7. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
  7. ^ Kostić, Đorđe S. (2003). "Nemački tehničari i zanatlije u Srbiji. Tragovi njihovog delovanja u tehničkoj terminologiji Srba". Srbi i Nemci, Tradicije zajedništva protiv predrasuda.
  8. ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 73. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
  9. ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 8. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
  10. ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 8. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
  11. ^ Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.


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