List of presidents of Syria
Appearance
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This article lists the presidents of Syria since 1920.
List of officeholders
Syrian Federation under the French Mandate (1922–1924) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
1 | ![]() |
Subhi Barakat (1889–1939) |
— | 29[1] June 1922 | 31 December 1924 | 2 years, 185 days | Independent | —
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State of Syria under the French Mandate (1925–1930) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
1 | ![]() |
Subhi Barakat (1889–1939) |
— | 1 January 1925 | 21 December 1925 | 354 days | Independent | —
| |
— | ![]() |
François Pierre-Alype (1853–1932) |
— | 9 February 1926 | 28 April 1926 | 78 days | Independent | —
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2 | ![]() |
Ahmad Nami (1873–1962) |
— | 28 April 1926 | 15 February 1928 | 1 year, 293 days | Independent | —
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— | ![]() |
Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943) |
— | 15 February 1928 | 14 May 1930 | 2 years, 88 days | Independent | —
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Syrian Republic under the French Mandate (1930–1945) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
— | ![]() |
Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943) |
— | 14 May 1930 | 19 November 1931 | 1 year, 189 days | Independent | —
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— | ![]() |
Léon Solomiac (1873–1960) |
— | 19 November 1931 | 11 June 1932 | 205 days | Independent | —
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3 | ![]() |
Muhammad Ali al-Abed (1867–1939) |
— | 11 June 1932 | 21 December 1936 | 4 years, 193 days | Independent | —
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4 | ![]() |
Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960) |
— | 21 December 1936 | 7 July 1939 | 2 years, 198 days | National Bloc | style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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5 | ![]() |
Bahij al-Khatib (1895–1981) |
— | 10 July 1939 | 4 April 1941 | 1 year, 268 days | Independent | —
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— | ![]() |
Khalid al-Azm (1903–1965) |
— | 4 April 1941 | 16 September 1941 | 165 days | Independent | —
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6 | ![]() |
Taj al-Din al-Hasani (1885–1943) |
— | 16 September 1941 | 17 January 1943 | 1 year, 123 days | Independent | Hasani died in office.[2] | |
— | ![]() |
Jamil al-Ulshi (1883–1951) |
— | 17 January 1943 | 25 March 1943 | 67 days | Independent | —
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7 | ![]() |
Ata al-Ayyubi (1877–1951) |
— | 25 March 1943 | 17 August 1943 | 145 days | Independent | —
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8 | ![]() |
Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967) |
— | 17 August 1943 | 24 October 1945 | 2 years, 68 days | National Bloc | style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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Syrian Republic (1945–1958) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
8 | ![]() |
Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967) |
— | 24 October 1945 | 29 March 1949 | 3 years, 156 days | National Bloc / National Party |
style="background-color:Template:National Bloc (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.[3] |
9 | ![]() |
Husni al-Za'im (1897–1949) |
1949 | 30 March 1949 | 14 August 1949 | 137 days | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | style="background-color:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color; color:white;" | | Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.[4] |
10 | ![]() |
Sami al-Hinnawi (1898–1950) |
— | 14 August 1949 | 15 August 1949 | 1 day | Military | style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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4 | ![]() |
Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960) |
— | 15 August 1949 | 2 December 1951 | 2 years, 109 days | National Party | style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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— | ![]() |
Adib Shishakli (1909–1964) |
— | 2 December 1951 | 3 December 1951 | 1 day | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | style="background-color:Template:Syrian Social Nationalist Party/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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11 | ![]() |
Fawzi Selu (1905–1972) |
— | 3 December 1951 | 11 July 1953 | 1 year, 220 days | Military | style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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12 | ![]() |
Adib Shishakli (1909–1964) |
1953 | 11 July 1953 | 25 February 1954 | 229 days | Arab Liberation Movement | style="background-color:Template:Arab Liberation Movement/meta/color; color:white;" | | Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.[5] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.[5] |
— | ![]() |
Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998) |
— | 25 February 1954 | 28 February 1954 | 3 days | Independent | —
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4 | ![]() |
Hashim al-Atassi (1875–1960) |
— | 28 February 1954 | 6 September 1955 | 1 year, 190 days | National Party | style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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8 | ![]() |
Shukri al-Quwatli (1891–1967) |
— | 6 September 1955 | 22 February 1958 | 2 years, 169 days | National Party | style="background-color:Template:National Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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United Arab Republic (1958–1961) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
13 | ![]() |
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918–1970) |
1958 | 22 February 1958 | 29 September 1961 | 3 years, 219 days | National Union | style="background:Template:National Union (United Arab Republic)/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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Syrian Arab Republic (1961–) | |||||||||
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
— | ![]() |
Maamun al-Kuzbari (1914–1998) |
— | 29 September 1961 | 20 November 1961 | 52 days | Independent | Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic. | |
— | ![]() |
Izzat al-Nuss (1912–1976)[6] |
— | 20 November 1961 | 14 December 1961 | 24 days | Military | style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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14 | ![]() |
Nazim al-Kudsi (1906–1998) |
— | 14 December 1961 | 8 March 1963 | 1 year, 84 days | People's Party | style="background-color:Template:People's Party (Syria)/meta/color; color:white;" | | The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[7] |
15 | ![]() |
Lu'ay al-Atassi (1926–2003) |
— | 9 March 1963 | 27 July 1963 | −13 days | Independent | Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[8] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[9] | |
16 | ![]() |
Amin al-Hafiz (1921–2009) |
— | 27 July 1963 | 23 February 1966 | 2 years, 211 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[10] |
17 | ![]() |
Nureddin al-Atassi (1929–1992) |
— | 25 February 1966 | 18 November 1970 | 4 years, 266 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[11] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.[12] |
— | ![]() |
Ahmad al-Khatib (1933–1982) |
— | 18 November 1970 | 22 February 1971 | 96 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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18 | ![]() |
Hafez al-Assad (1930–2000) |
1971 1978 1985 1991 1999 |
22 February 1971 | 10 June 2000 | 29 years, 109 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | Assad died in office.[13] |
— | ![]() |
Abdul Halim Khaddam (1932–2020) |
— | 10 June 2000 | 17 July 2000 | 37 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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19 | ![]() |
Bashar al-Assad (1965–) |
2000 2007 2014 |
17 July 2000 | Incumbent | 24 years, 43 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
style="background-color:Template:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region/meta/color; color:white;" | | —
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Timeline
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/qpf2a6pcubv60wm6uh2m2gba07uzxft.png)
See also
- President of Syria
- Vice President of Syria
- Prime Minister of Syria
- Speaker of the People's Council of Syria
References
- General
- ^ Arrêtés Nos. 1, 2 & 3, Bulletin hebdomadaire des actes administratifs du Haut-Commissariat (8 October 1922), p. 268; [1].
- ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
- ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
- ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
- ^ a b Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
- ^ "Who's who in the Arab World". 1974.
- ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
- ^ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
- ^ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
- ^ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
- ^ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
- ^ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
- ^ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
- Bibliography
- Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-40-0.
- Seale, Patrick (1990). Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520069763.