San Joaquins
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An Oakland-bound San Joaquins train approaches Richmond station | |
Overview | |
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Service type | Inter-city rail |
Locale | California |
Predecessor | Golden Gate, San Joaquin Daylight |
First service | March 5, 1974 |
Current operator(s) | San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority, in partnership with Amtrak and Caltrans |
Ridership | 1,071,190 (FY19)[1] |
Website | San Joaquins |
Route | |
Termini | Bakersfield, California Oakland, California Sacramento, California |
Stops | 16 (Bakersfield–Oakland) 13 (Bakersfield–Sacramento) |
Distance travelled | 315 miles (507 km) (Oakland) 282 miles (454 km) (Sacramento) |
Average journey time | 6 hours, 1 minutes (Oakland) 5 hours, 10 minutes (Sacramento)[2] |
Train number(s) | 701–704, 710–719 |
On-board services | |
Catering facilities | Café Car |
Baggage facilities |
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Technical | |
Rolling stock | EMD F59PHI locomotives GE P32-8WH locomotives Siemens Charger locomotives Bi-Level Trainsets:
Single Level Trainsets:
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Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
Operating speed | 79 mph (127 km/h) maximum 52 mph (84 km/h) average, including stops |
Track owner(s) | BNSF and UP |
The San Joaquins (sometimes referred to as San Joaquin) is a passenger train service operated by Amtrak in California's San Joaquin Valley. Seven daily round trips run between its southern terminus at Bakersfield and Stockton, where the route splits to Oakland (five round trips) or Sacramento (two round trips).
The San Joaquins service is unique in the state and nation because of its extensive network of dedicated Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach bus routes that are critical to the performance of the service. Over 55% of passengers on the service use an Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach during part of their trip.[3] Amtrak Thruway Motorcoaches are timed to meet trains and offer connections to points in Southern California (including Los Angeles Union Station where passengers can continue their journey on the Pacific Surfliner or Amtrak's long-distance trains), the city of San Francisco, the Central Coast, the North Coast, the High Desert (including Las Vegas), Redding, Reno, and the Yosemite Valley.
The San Joaquins is Amtrak's seventh-busiest service in the nation and the railroad's third-busiest in the state of California. During fiscal year 2019, the service carried 1,071,190 passengers, a 0.7% decrease from the prior year.
Like all regional trains in California, the San Joaquins service is operated by a joint powers authority. The San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority (SJJPA) is governed by a board that includes two elected representatives from each of eight counties the train travels through. The SJJPA contracts with the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission to provide day-to-day management of the service and with contracts with Amtrak to operate the service and maintain the rolling stock (locomotives and passenger cars). The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) provides the funding to operate the service and also owns the rolling stock.
History
Golden Gate/San Joaquin Daylight
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/San_Joaquin_at_16th_Street_station%2C_March_1975.jpg/220px-San_Joaquin_at_16th_Street_station%2C_March_1975.jpg)
The San Joaquins service runs over lines that once hosted several passenger trains a day. The top trains were the Golden Gate on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (predecessor to BNSF), and the San Joaquin Daylight on the Southern Pacific Railroad (later acquired by Union Pacific). Prior to 1960s service cutbacks passenger service continued south of Bakersfield, to Glendale and Los Angeles.[4]
In April 1965, as ridership on passenger trains continued to drop, the Santa Fe Railway received permission from the Interstate Commerce Commission to severely curtail Golden Gate operations, with service finally abandoned three years later. The San Joaquin Daylight was discontinued with the start-up of Amtrak in May 1971.
Other passenger trains that ran through the Central Valley included Southern Pacific's Owl and Santa Fe's San Francisco Chief and Valley Flyer.
Amtrak era
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Amtrak routed all Los Angeles-San Francisco service over the Southern Pacific's Coast Line in its initial 1971 route structure, leaving the San Joaquin Valley without service. Both the Southern Pacific's San Joaquin Daylight and the Santa Fe's San Francisco Chief had served the region.[5] Beginning in 1972 Amtrak revisited the decision at the urging of area congressmen, notably Bernice F. Sisk, who favored service between Oakland and Barstow or, failing that, Barstow and Sacramento.[6] Service began on March 5, 1974 with one round-trip per day between Bakersfield and Oakland and a bus connection from Bakersfield to Los Angeles.[7] The San Joaquin could not continue south of Bakersfield due to capacity limits over the Tehachapi Loop, the only line between Bakersfield and points south and one of the world's busiest single-track freight rail lines.[8] Amtrak chose the Santa Fe route over the Southern Pacific, citing the higher speed of the Santa Fe–79 miles per hour (127 km/h) vs. 70 miles per hour (113 km/h)–and freight congestion on the Southern Pacific. The decision was not without controversy, with Sisk alleging that the Southern Pacific lobbied the Nixon Administration to influence the decision.[9]
Caltrans era
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Passengers_in_Amtrak_lounge_car_of_San_Joaquin_%28train%29_2014.jpg/220px-Passengers_in_Amtrak_lounge_car_of_San_Joaquin_%28train%29_2014.jpg)
In 1979 Amtrak proposed discontinuing the San Joaquin as part of system-wide reductions ordered by the Carter Administration. The state of California stepped in to provide a yearly subsidy of (then) $700,000 ($2.94 million adjusted for inflation) to cover the train's operating losses, and it was retained. At the time the state asked Amtrak to add a second round trip between Oakland and Bakersfield, and to extend the service south over the Tehachapi Pass to Los Angeles.[10] Amtrak added the second train in February 1980, but attempts to extend the train over the Tehachapi Loop failed due to Southern Pacific's opposition.[11][12]
A third round trip was added on December 17, 1989, followed by a fourth on October 25, 1992.[13]: 15 On May 16, 1999, Amtrak added a Sacramento–Bakersfield round trip - the fifth daily San Joaquins service round trip.[14][15] A second Sacramento–Bakersfield round trip was added on March 18, 2002.
Transfer to local control
Annual Ridership | ||
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FY* | Ridership | %± |
2012 | 1,144,616[16] | |
2013 | 1,219,818[16] | ![]() |
2014 | 1,188,228[17] | ![]() |
2015 | 1,177,073[17] | ![]() |
2016 | 1,122,301[18] | ![]() |
2017 | 1,120,037[19] | ![]() |
2018 | 1,078,707[1] | ![]() |
2019 | 1,071,190[1] | ![]() |
Expansion of the service would stagnate after 2002, and 10 years later, frustrated by what was perceived to be Caltrans’ slow response to regional concerns, local leaders pushed lawmakers to allow local control of the San Joaquins service.[20] On September 29, 2012, Governor Jerry Brown signed Assembly Bill 1779, which enabled regional government agencies to form the San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority (SJJPA) to assume administration and management of the route, while the state of California would continue to fund operations.[21] Under the joint powers authority model, the service would be governed by a board composed of eight elected officials, appointed by an agency in each of the counties the train travels through. The governance structure was modeled after the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority, which has been operating the Capitol Corridor regional train in Northern California since 1998.[20]
The first SJJPA Board meeting was held on March 22, 2013 to begin planning for the shift in control. In that time, the SJJPA board contracted with the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission to provide day-to-day management of the service and contracted with Amtrak to continue to operate the service and maintain the rolling stock (locomotives and passenger cars). Control of the train service shifted from Caltrans to the SJJPA on July 1, 2015.[20]
A fifth Oakland–Bakersfield round trip was added to the service on June 20, 2016, the first expansion of the service in more than 14 years.[13]: 15
Two years later, the SJJPA established an early-morning "Morning Express Service" between Fresno and Sacramento, allowing same-day trips to the state capitol for the first time, was expected to result in increased ridership from business travelers.[13]: 34 The change was criticized by Bakersfield-area officials, because it required ending the last southbound train of the day in Fresno, reduced daily service to Bakersfield by one daily round trip.[22] The service began on May 7, 2018 proved to be unpopular, with ridership counts showing an average of just 50 people on the train, compared to 130 with the old timetable.[23] The "Morning Express Service" was eliminated one year later on May 6, 2019 and trains were reverted to their previous schedule.[24]
Sacramento service was discontinued and one Oakland trip was cancelled on March 25, 2020 amid the Coronavirus pandemic.[25]
Planned expansion
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/StatewideRailMod_BubbleMap_013013.jpg/220px-StatewideRailMod_BubbleMap_013013.jpg)
As of 2020[update] the agency is increasing capacity on its routes to avoid conflicts with freight trains and add additional trips as well as plan for connections to the California High-Speed Rail system. The level junction in Stockton where the two San Joaquin routes divert was the busiest rail junction in the state by 2019 – the north-south Union Pacific line is planned to be elevated over the BNSF line.[26][27]: 3 Two additional Sacramento round trips are planned to be added, routed over the Union Pacific Railroad Sacramento Subdivision north of Stockton. Unlike the 1999-initiated route on the Fresno Subdivision, the Sacramento Subdivision has spare capacity to allow the increased service.[28][27]: 36 Six new stations are planned: Lodi (separate from the Lodi Transit Station), Elk Grove, three locations in Sacramento, and Natomas.[29] The Sacramento Subdivision trains will not serve the existing Sacramento Valley Station, but RT Light Rail connections and a shuttle bus to Sacramento International Airport are planned elsewhere.[28][27]: 25 These improvements are being done in cooperation with Altamont Corridor Express (ACE), which will share the route to Natomas from Stockton and add an additional branch south to Ceres in 2023 with an extension to Merced in 2027.[30] When the Natomas runs are initiated, one existing Oakland trip is planned to terminate at Stockton-Downtown, freeing a slot for a full Natomas to Bakersfield roud-trip while continuing to provide five trips from the Bay Area.[27]: 25
Upon completion of California High-Speed Rail's initial operating segment, some trains are expected to terminate at that system's new Merced station to act as a feeder to high-speed service.[31] A new rail link is planned to run between the BNSF line currently used and the Union Pacific subdivision on which that station is planned in order to facilitate trips and transfers. Sacramento to Merced service is thus planned to increase in frequency to hourly service. At that point, BNSF train slots previously used for runs between Merced and Bakersfield could be retained as shuttle services to supplement high-speed services.[27]
As of 2019[update], Oakland to Bakersfield trips take just over six hours, which requires an expensive crew change in Merced. The SJJPA wishes to reduce travel times to eliminate this expense, which may involve terminating some trains at Emeryville, skipping stops on some trains, increasing current 79-mile-per-hour (127 km/h) speeds to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h), and/or operational improvements like decreasing dwell times.[27]: 27 Longer-term proposals include extending Oakland trains to Oakland Coliseum station to provide service to Oakland International Airport and a second BART connection; routing some trains via the ACE route through the Tri-Valley; consolidating all Stockton service at Robert J. Cabral Station; and extensions to Marysville/Yuba City, Oroville, or Redding.[27]: 40 The SJJPA ultimately plans to increase Sacramento service to hourly headways.[27]: 40
Route
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Amtrak_San_Joaquin.svg/300px-Amtrak_San_Joaquin.svg.png)
The San Joaquins service runs from Bakersfield's Truxtun Avenue station northward on BNSF Railway's Mojave Subdivision within Bakersfield, the Bakersfield Subdivision from Bakersfield to Calwa (Fresno), then on the Stockton Subdivision from Calwa to Stockton.
At Stockton the routes split to Oakland or Sacramento.
The Oakland trains continue west on the Stockton Subdivision to Port Chicago. At Port Chicago they cross to the Union Pacific Railroad's Tracy Subdivision to Martinez, continue on the Martinez Subdivision to Emeryville, and finally travel a few miles on the Niles Subdivision to Oakland's Jack London Square station.
Trains to the Sacramento Valley Station diverge in Stockton and run north to Sacramento on Union Pacific's Fresno Subdivision and on the Martinez Subdivision within Sacramento.
If the tracks for the Central Valley segment of California High-Speed Rail (HSR) are completed prior to that system's full startup, there are calls for the San Joaquins trains to use the HSR infrastructure to speed up traditional rail service to 125 mph.[32][33]
The route is Amtrak's seventh-busiest service in the nation and the railroad's third-busiest in the state of California.[1]
Stations and connections
The San Joaquins service has an extensive network of dedicated Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach buses. Over 55% of passengers on the route used an Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach on at least one end of their trip.[3]
Rolling stock
For its first two years of operation, the San Joaquin used single-level coaches Amtrak had inherited from other railroads. In October 1976 Amtrak introduced new Amfleet coaches to the service.[36] From 1987-1989 Amtrak used Superliner and ex-ATSF Hi-Level coaches.[37] For a short period beginning on June 15, 1987, this included a full dining car on one of the trains.[38] Amtrak reequipped the San Joaquin trains again in 1989, this time with new Horizon coaches, when service expanded to three daily round-trips.[39] The San Joaquin began receiving the Superliner-derived California Cars that it uses today in 1995.[40]
Locomotives
Amtrak California operates its own fleet of EMD F59PHI, GE P32-8WH and Siemens Charger locomotives that are used on San Joaquins service trains. These locomotives are owned by Caltrans and carry its CDTX reporting marks. Amtrak owned locomotives are also occasionally used on the San Joaquin, including the P42DC.
California Car bi-level trainsets
The San Joaquins service is equipped with Amtrak California's fleet of California Car bi-level, high-capacity passenger cars owned by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Each trainset typically consists of two coach cars, a coach/baggage car, a café (food-service) car, and a cab/coach car. The cab/coach car is a similar to other coaches but with an engineer's operating cab and headlights on one end, allowing the train to be operated in push-pull mode, which eliminates the need to turn the train at each end-point. Caltrans is in the process of refitting the cab/coach cars to have a space on car's lower level for storage for checked luggage and bikes.
Caltrans also owns several Surfliner bi-level cars that are used on some San Joaquins trainsets. The newer cars look very similar to the California Car fleet but feature reclining seats, open overhead luggage racks, and a restroom on the upper level of each car.
In 2007 Caltrans paid to repair several wreck-damaged Superliner I coaches in exchange for a six-year lease of the Amtrak owned cars that are normally used on long-distance trains. Four of these cars are painted to match the California car livery and often appear in service on the San Joaquins route in place of a coach/baggage car.
Comet Car single-level trainsets
Increasing ridership on the San Joaquins service led Caltrans to purchase 14 Comet IB rail cars from New Jersey Transit in 2008 for $75,000 each. The former commuter cars were refurbished and reconfigured by Amtrak's Beech Grove Shops to serve as intercity coaches at a cost of approximately $20 million. The refurbished cars have reclining inter-city seats with tray tables (4 per row), AmtrakConnect WiFi, two power outlets at each seat pair, luggage racks, trash/recycling bins, a restroom, and 6 workstation tables in the center of the car.[41]
Caltrans has also paid to lease and refurbish 3 Non-Powered Control Units (F40PH locomotives converted into cab/baggage cars) and 3 Horizon Dinettes to serve as café cars (using the same equipment as other Amtrak California trains).[41]
These single-level cars will be used to create two Comet Car trainsets that will run between Oakland and Bakersfield. This will allow Caltrans to break up two bi-level California Car trainsets and use the cars to add another coach car to each of the San Joaquins' remaining California Car trainsets.[41]
Caltrans had planned to use the Comet Car trainsets on trains starting in July 2013, but the refurbishing process took longer than expected. The first Comet Car trainset was put into regular service on October 21, 2013[42] and the second trainset was put into regular service on April 15, 2014.
Siemens Venture single-level trainsets
In November 2017, the California Department of Transportation announced that it would be ordering seven Siemens Venture trainsets through its contractor Sumitomo Corporation.[43] The states had initially contracted Sumitomo, which in turn subcontracted with Nippon Sharyo, to build the Next Generation Bi-Level Passenger Rail Car, but a prototype car failed a buff strength test in August 2015. After the test failure, canceled its deal with Nippon Sharyo, and turned to Siemens to be the new subcontractor. The cars are being built at the Siemens factory in Florin, California and will be hauled by California's existing fleet of diesel-electric locomotives.
California's trainsets will be used exclusively on the San Joaquins service and will consist of seven cars each: four coaches with economy seating, two coaches with economy seating and vending machines, and one cab car (control car) with economy seating. The order includes 49 cars for California, formed into seven semi-permanently-coupled trainsets. Since Siemens Venture trainsets were originally designed to be used with high platforms the SJJPA modify all stations, adding two mini-high platforms (short lengths of high platform, each long enough for one door, with an accessible ramp to the longer low platform).[44] The first trainset is supposed to go into revenue service in 2020.[45]
Notes
- ^ a b c d "Amtrak FY19 Ridership Fact Sheet" (PDF). Amtrak. October 1, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ "2019 SJJPA Business Plan Update" (PDF). May 31, 2019. p. 16. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
- ^ a b "Draft 2017 Business Plan Update" (PDF). San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. p. 3.
- ^ "1958 SP Passenger Timetable". my ESPEE MODELERS ARCHIVE. December 9, 2000. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^ "Vital need for passenger train". Oxnard Press-Courier. May 5, 1971. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ "Amtrak to take another look at area rail route". Merced Sun-Star. March 22, 1972. Retrieved December 31, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ "Press release announcing the launch of the San Joaquin, 1974". Amtrak. March 5, 1974.
- ^ Solomon 1999, p. 20
- ^ Cook, Gale (March 10, 1974). "San Joaquin Valley Amtrak route draws some tart comments". Modesto Bee. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013.
- ^ "San Joaquin train wins reprieve". Lodi News-Sentinel. September 1, 1979. Retrieved January 1, 2013.[dead link]
- ^ "Fixup funds are part of service proposal". Merced Sun-Star. March 21, 1980. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
- ^ "'San Joaquin' trains catching on". Merced Sun-Star. July 30, 1982. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
- ^ a b c "2018 Business Plan Update" (PDF). San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. 2018.
- ^ "San Joaquins". Amtrak. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ "Caltrans Increases Service" (PDF). Intercity Rail Passenger Systems Update (6): 11. December 1999.
- ^ a b "Amtrak Sets Ridership Record and Moves the Nation's Economy Forward" (PDF) (Press release). Amtrak. October 14, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
- ^ a b "Amtrak FY15 Ridership & Revenue" (PDF). Amtrak. June 29, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2016: State of California" (PDF). November 2016. p. 5. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2017: State of California" (PDF). November 2017. p. 5. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ a b c Sheehan, Tim (June 26, 2015). "Valley agency takes control of Amtrak San Joaquin trains". Fresno Bee. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
- ^ "Bill Text - AB-1779 Intercity rail agreements". leginfo.legislature.ca.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ Burger, James (September 14, 2017). "Amtrak reducing service from Bakersfield, shifting a train north in search of business travelers". Bakersfield Californian.
- ^ Holland, John (5 April 2019). "Amtrak added a train to Sacramento for commuters in Modesto area. What went wrong?". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
- ^ Holland, John (8 May 2019). "Amtrak canceled one train to Sacramento. Modesto bus system will try to fill gap". Modesto Bee. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
- ^ Silvia Flores, Silvia Flores (24 March 2020). "Coronavirus slices Amtrak ridership, forcing reduction of Central California schedule". Fresno Bee. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ Wyatt, Dennis (7 March 2020). "ACE COMING IN 2023: Downtown Manteca passenger service on track". Manteca/Ripon Bulletin. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "2020 Business Plan" (PDF). SJJPA. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ a b Bizjak, Tony (4 October 2017). "Catch an Amtrak toward L.A. from midtown Sacramento? Train officials propose new service". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Holland, John (27 April 2018). "Expanded train service coming to Modesto, Merced; what it means for commuters". Modesto Bee. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- ^ "VALLEY RAIL PROJECT RECEIVES MAJOR GRANT FUNDING TODAY BY STATE" (Press release). San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. April 26, 2018.
- ^ Vartabedian, Ralph (2020-05-27). "California bullet train could end up needing subsidies, despite promises to voters". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2020-05-27.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Curry, Melanie (May 2, 2019). "High-Speed Rail Authority Updates Plan to Finish Central Valley Segment". Streetsblog California. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ Alexander, Kurtis (May 2, 2019). "California's high-speed rail might start with old-school diesel trains". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- ^ "Madera Station Relocation Project". San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Business Plan" (PDF). SJJPA. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Amtrak will introduce new rail cars". Los Angeles Times. October 18, 1976. p. B17A. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ "Amtrak ridership up on San Joaquin line". Lodi News-Sentinel. February 21, 1987. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ California 1988, p. 59
- ^ "Valley gets added service". Lodi News-Sentinel. December 18, 1989. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ Cabanatuan, Michael (June 23, 1995). "Sleek train debuts". Modesto Bee. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- ^ a b c San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority/Caltrans. "San Joaquin Rolling Stock Presentation" (PDF). pp. 35–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "San Joaquin Trains 711 and 718: Operate with Refurbished Equipment" (Press release). Amtrak. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ "Caltrans Amends Multimillion Dollar, Multi-State Railcar Contract" (Press release). Caltrans. November 8, 2017.
- ^ "Board Meeting Presentation" (PDF). San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. May 31, 2019. pp. 23–28. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Gradinger, Kyle; Tamaoki, Momoko (February 21, 2020). "Multi-state Single Level Rail Cars Procurement Updates" (PDF). California Department of Transportation Division of Rail and Mass Transportation. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
References
- Rail Passenger Development Plan: 1988-93 Fiscal Years. Sacramento, CA: Division of Mass Transportation, Caltrans. 1988. OCLC 18113227.
- Solomon, Brian (1999). Southern Pacific Railroad. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0614-1.
{{cite book}}
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External links
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- Public transportation in the San Joaquin Valley Area
- Public transportation in Kings County, California
- Public transportation in Fresno County, California
- Public transportation in Madera County, California
- Public transportation in Merced County, California
- Public transportation in Stanislaus County, California
- Public transportation in San Joaquin County, California
- Public transportation in Sacramento County, California
- Public transportation in Contra Costa County, California
- Public transportation in Alameda County, California
- Public transportation in Los Angeles County, California
- Public transportation in Southern California
- San Joaquin Valley
- Amtrak routes
- Passenger rail transportation in California
- Transportation in Kern County, California
- 1974 establishments in California