Sujud

A man prostrating (illustration)

Sujūd (Arabic: سُجود, [sʊˈdʒuːd]), or sajdah (سجدة, pronounced [ˈsadʒda(tu)]), is the act of low bowing or prostration to God towards the qiblah (direction of the Kaaba at Mecca). It is usually done in standardized prayers (salah). The position involves kneeling and bowing till one touches the ground with the forehead, nose, palms, knees and toes, and remaining in that position until one attains a relaxed state while glorifying God (سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأعْلَى‎ subḥāna rabbiya l-ʾaʿlā, "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High!") thrice or more in odd number of times.

Overview

A Muslim prayer in Sujud, Grand Mosque of Nishapur

Sujud (prostration) is one of the main pillars of daily prayer in Islam. A single act of sujud is called a sajdah (plural sajadāt). Muslims do sujud several times in each prayer, depending on the number of raka'at of prayer: two sajadat are performed every raka'ah, and prayers vary in obligatory length between two and four raka'at (additional supererogatory raka'at are often performed as sunnah muakkadah, or emulation of the example of Muhammad as represented in the sahih hadith). A raka'ah is a unit of set actions that have to be performed in a prayer. The shortest fard (obligatory) Muslim prayer is that of fajr, performed immediately before sunrise. It consists of two raka'ah. The raka'ah can be described as follows:

1. Standing and saying Allahu akbar, reciting surah al-Fatiha, and reciting a short passage of the Quran such as sura al-Ikhlas.
2. Performing ruku' (bowing down) without bending the knees and with hands resting on the knees, while reciting additional phrases to glorify Allah.
3. Standing up from bowing, and reciting further.
4. Going in prostration (sajdah) once, while reciting additional specific phrases to glorify Allah.
5. Lifting the face up from prostration but kneeling or sitting on the ground.
6. Performing a second prostration (sajdah).
7. Rising for the second, third, or fourth raka'ah. In the last raka'ah, one remains sitting and recites the tashahhud, and then performs the taslim by turning the head to the right and saying, as-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu Allah wa barakatuh ("may the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you"), and then turning the head to the left and repeating the blessing to conclude the prayer.

Points 1-7 define one raka'ah. Thus, the shortest prayer, that of fajr, contains four sajadat. For Hanafis, witr prayer is three raka'ahs, which is for them considered wajib, a level of necessity below that of fard but above all else: in practice, this makes witr obligatory.

While in sujud, the use of a turbah (a small piece of soil or clay, often a clay tablet), on which a person places their forehead, is compulsory in most Shi'a schools of Islam.

Other types of sujud

In Islam, Sujud (prostrations) occupy a quintessential position in the five obligatory daily formal prayers.

Sajdah of thankfulness

This is from the sunnah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that whenever he used to hear news which would make him happy, he would make sujud to thank Allah.

Sajdah of recitation / Tilawah

During the recitation of the Qur'an, including prayers in congregation, there are fifteen places where, when Muhammad recited a certain verse (ayah), he prostrated to God.

The verses are:

۩ Chapter 7, al-A'raf Verse 206

۩ Chapter 13, ar-Ra'd Verse 15

۩ Chapter 16, an-Nahl Verse 50

۩ Chapter 17, al-Isra Verse 109

۩ Chapter 19, Maryam Verse 58

۩ Chapter 22, al-Hajj Verse 18

۩ Chapter 22, al-Hajj Verse 77

۩ Chapter 25, al-Furqan Verse 60

۩ Chapter 27, an-Naml Verse 25

۩ Chapter 32, as-Sajda Verse 15

۩ Chapter 38, Ṣād Verse 24

۩ Chapter 41, Fussilat Verse 38

۩ Chapter 53, an-Najm Verse 62

۩ Chapter 84, al-Inshiqaq Verse 21

۩ Chapter 96, al-Alaq Verse 19

In most copies of the Qur'an these are indicated by the symbol ۩ , with an over-line on the word/s that invoked the prostration. Muslims must prostrate once in order to follow the Sunnah (example) of Muhammad and recite any one or more of the following along with Takbeer before and after the sujud,

• "اللهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدتُّ وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، سَجَدَ وَجْهِيَ ِلِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ وَصَوَّرَهُ وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ بِحَوْلِهِ وَقوَّتِهِ تَبَارَكَ اللهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِيْنَ‎"
• "سبحان ربي الأعلى‎"
• "سبوح قدوس رب الملائكة والروح‎"
• "سجد وجهي للذي خلقه وصوره وشق سمعه وبصره بحوله وقوته تبارك الله أحسن الخالقين‎"
• "اللهم اكتب لي بها عندك أجرا واجعلها لي عندك ذخرا وضع عني بها وزرا واقبلها مني كما قبلتها من عبدك داود‎"

Sajdah of forgetfulness

Main article: Sujud Sahwi

Sujud Sahwi or Sajdah of forgetfulness occurs during the ritual salat prayer. Out of forgetfulness a person can either omit obligatory parts of salat (Qabli) or add to the salat (Ba'adi). In either cases the person corrects his/her salat by doing the Sujud Sahwi.

Rule of direction of the sujud

Sujud is made only to God. In prayer, Muslims face the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, but make their sujud to God, not the Kaaba. The Kaaba is only a united direction that Muslims face as it is the order of God in the Qur'an. If any person claiming to be Muslim makes a sujud to any thing/deity/person other than God, he is considered a disbeliever, unless it is forced upon them.

Sayings during sujud

There are numerous things that a Muslim can say during sujud as is evident from the example of Muhammad. Among them are duas (prayers for God's help), hamd (praising of God), tasbih (glorifying God) and statements of Muhammad which make a person humble. Muslims are not allowed to recite the Qur'an during sujud. During the obligatory sujud during prayer one recites "سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى".

See also

• Sujud Sahwi
• Zemnoy poklon, earth-low bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church originating from Jewish low bowing
• Prostration (Buddhism)
• Proskynesis
• Kowtow
• Dogeza, kowtow in Japanese culture

External links

• USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
• Detailed study of the word "SuJuD" in The Quran