List of Jewish historians
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A list of Jewish historians:
A
- David Abulafia, professor of history, University of Cambridge (Jewish Year Book 2005, p. 218)
- Henry Abramson, Touro College, Eastern European Jewish Historian.[1]
- Ignac Acsady, Hungarian social and economic historian[2][clarification needed]
- Howard Adelson, U.S. mediaeval historian[2]
- Cyrus Adler,[3] U.S. historian of Jewish history
- Geoffrey Alderman,[4] historian
- Mor Altshuler, Israeli historian of early Hasidism, Kabbalism, and Jewish messianism[5]
- Iosif Amusin, Soviet historian[6]
- Anne Applebaum, U.S. journalist, writer on the history of the Soviet Union, Russia, Central and Eastern Europe
- Herbert Aptheker, leader in Communist Party, historian[7]
- Yitzhak Arad, Israeli historian of the Shoah[8]
- Yehoshua Arieli, Israeli historian[2]
- Walter Leonard Arnstein, U.S. historian[2]
- Raymond Aron, French historian of sociology[2]
- Robert Aron, French author and journalist[2]
- Artapanus of Alexandria, 2nd Century BC historian who lived in Alexandria, Egypt[9]
- David Asheri, Israeli classical historian[2]
- Simon Ashkenazi, Polish modern European history[2]
- Robert Assaraf, Moroccan writer and historian[citation needed]
- David Ayalon, Israeli historian of Islam and Judaism[2]
B
- Bernard Bailyn, U.S. Colonial historian[2]
- Richard Barnett, museum curator and archaeologist (JYB 1985 p. 187)
- Salo Wittmayer Baron, American historian of Polish-Austrian Jewish ancestry[citation needed]
- Omer Bartov, U.S. historian of World War II and Polish Jews[citation needed]
- Yehuda Bauer, Czech-born Israeli historian of the Holocaust[citation needed]
- Zygmunt Bauman, Anglo-Polish scholar who examines the relationship between modernity and the Holocaust[citation needed]
- Yitzhak Bayer, History of the Jews[citation needed]
- George Louis Beer, U.S. historian of 16th-19th century commerce[2]
- Emile-Auguste Begin, French physician, historian and librarian[2]
- Max Beloff, English historian and political scientist[2]
- Benjamin of Tudela, travel writer 1159-73[citation needed]
- Shlomo Ben-Ami, Israeli historian and politician[citation needed]
- Joaquim Bensaude Portuguese historian of astronomy and navigation[2]
- Norman Bentwich, British lawyer and historian[10]
- Israil Bercovici, Romanian playwright and historian [11]
- Jay R. Berkovitz, U.S. historian of Jews in France and early modern Europe[citation needed]
- Isaiah Berlin, Latvian-born British historian of ideas[citation needed]
- Harry Bernstein, U.S. historian[2]
- Elias Joseph Bickerman, U.S. scholar of ancient history[2]
- Camille Bloch, French historian, archivist and librarian[2]
- Gustave Bloch, French Graeco-Roman historian[2]
- Herbert Bloch, German-born American classicist[citation needed]
- Marc Bloch, French historian of medieval France[2]
- Solomon Frank Bloom, U.S. historian of modern Europe[2]
- Jerome Blum, U.S. historian[2]
- Grigory Bongard-Levin, Russian historian[citation needed]
- Daniel Boorstin, U.S. historian; official historian at the Smithsonian Institution & the Library of Congress[2][12]
- Woodrow Wilson Borah, U.S. historian[2]
- Randolph L. Braham U.S. historian of Hungarian Jewish ancestry; historian of the Holocaust in Hungary[2]
- Ambrosio Brandao, Portuguese historian and soldier[2]
- Ahron Bregman, author and journalist on the Arab-Israeli conflict[citation needed]
- Harry Bresslau, German historian[2]
- Berthold Bretholz, Moravian historian[2]
- Alan Brinkley, historian, provost of Columbia University[citation needed]
- Jacob Bronowski, historian of science [13]
- Robert Brunschvig, French historian of Islam[2]
- Max Buedinger, German modern European historian[2]
C
- Norman Cantor, mediaeval historian[2][14]
- David Cesarani, British professor of history[citation needed]
- Robert Chazan medievalist[citation needed]
- Achille Coen, Italian historian[2]
- David Cohen, Dutch historian and Jewish leader[2]
- Gustave Cohen, Belgian historian of mediaeval French literature and theatre[2]
- Mark Cohen, American historian of the Jews under medieval Islam
- Norman Cohn, British historian [citation needed]
- Robert Cohen, French historian of ancient Greece[2]
- Stephen F. Cohen, American historian of the Soviet Union [citation needed]
- Michael Confino, Israeli historian[2]
- Martin van Creveld, Dutch-born Israeli military historian[citation needed]
D
- Robert Davidsohn, German historian of mediaeval Florence[2]
- Natalie Zemon Davis, American historian of France[citation needed]
- Lucy Dawidowicz, American Holocaust historian[citation needed]
- Hermann Dessau, German historian and philologist[2]
- Isaac Deutscher, Polish-born British Marxist historian and political scientist[2]
- Max Dimont, Finnish-American Jew and popular historian and author
- Martin Duberman, U.S. historian and playwright[2]
- Simon Dubnow, Russian-born Latvian historian; author of the "History of the Jews"; shot by Nazis[citation needed]
- Ariel Durant, American historian; author of The Story of Civilization.[15]
E
- Ludwig Edelstein, ancient medicine[citation needed]
- Alfred Edersheim Australian Jewish historian and Biblical scholar[citation needed]
- Victor Ehrenberg, German historian of the ancient world[2]
- Louis Eisenman, French historian of Europe[2]
- Abraham Eisenstadt, U.S. historian[2]
- Stanley Elkins, U.S. historian[2]
- Amos Elon, Vienna-born Israeli. Historian of Germany and modern Israel[citation needed]
- Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, German-born British historian of Tudor England[2]
- Carlo Errera, Italian geographer and historian of exploration[2]
- Richard Ettinghausen, German-born U.S. art historian[16]
F
- Orlando Figes, British historian of Russia[citation needed]
- Louis Filler, U.S. historian[2]
- Sidney Fine, U.S. historian[2]
- Samuel Finer, British political scientist and historian [17]
- Norman Finkelstein, American historian[citation needed]
- Moses I. Finley, Classical Historian.[18]
- Simha Flapan, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Robert Fogel, American economic historian and Nobel laureate [19]
- Eric Foner, American historian and president of American Historical Association 2000
- Joseph Friedenson, Holocaust historian[20]
- Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician[2]
- Henry Friedlander, German-born American historian of the Holocaust
- Saul Friedländer, Czech-born French-Israeli historian of the Holocaust[2]
- Yisrael Friedman, former lecturer at the Tel Aviv University and the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Alexander Fuks, Israeli classical historian[2]
G
- Peter Gay, German-born American historian of ideas[2]
- Leo Gershoy, U.S. historian[2]
- Felix Gilbert, U.S. political historian[2]
- Martin Gilbert, British historian.[21]
- Carlo Ginzburg, Italian historian
- Gustave Glotz, French ancient Greek historian[2]
- Shelomo Dov Goitein Arabist, historian, ethnographer[citation needed]
- Eric F. Goldman, U.S. modern historian[2]
- Yosef Goldman, author of Hebrew Printing in America[22]
- Yossi Goldstein, Israeli biographer[citation needed]
- Ernst Gombrich, Austrian-born British art historian[23]
- Martin Goodman (historian) (Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215)
- Gabriel Gorodetsky, historian of Second World War[citation needed]
- Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk, U.S. historian of modern Europe[2]
- Heinrich Graetz, Polish-born German historian[citation needed]
- Jack Granatstein, Canadian military historian[citation needed]
- Jacob Greenwald, Master of European History University of Haifa[citation needed]
- Jan T. Gross, Polish historian[citation needed]
- Philip Guedalla, biographer [24]
- Hans G. Guterbock, German-born hittitologist[citation needed]
H
- Joseph Hakohen, 16th century historian, Italy[citation needed]
- Elie Halevy, French historian, "A History of the English People in the 19th century 1915-30"
- George W. F. Hallgarten, historian[25]
- Louis Halphen, French mediaevalist[2]
- Theodore Stephen Hamerow, U.S. historian[2]
- Marceli Handelsman, Polish constitutional and political historian[2]
- Oscar Handlin, U.S. social historian[2]
- Abraham Harkavy, Belarusian-born Russian historian[citation needed]
- Henry Harrisse, U.S. historiographer[2]
- Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian historian and statesman[2]
- Henri Hauser, French ancient and mediaeval historian[2]
- Sigmund Herzberg-Fraenkel, Austrian historian[2]
- Jack H. Hexter, U.S. historian of modern Europe[2]
- Uriel Heyd, Israeli historian of Islam[2]
- Raul Hilberg, Austrian-born American Holocaust historian[26]
- Gertrude Himmelfarb, American historian of Victorian Britain[2]
- Heinrich Otto Hirschfield, German Roman historian[2]
- Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British Marxist historian[2]
- Richard Hofstadter, U.S. political historian[2]
- David Horowitz, American historian[citation needed]
- Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, American historian[citation needed]
- Irving Howe, American historian[citation needed]
- Samuel Justin Hurwitz, U.S. historian[2]
- Harold Melvin Hyman, U.S. historian[2]
I
- Siegfried Isaacsohn, German historian[2]
- Jonathan Israel, British historian (Jewish Year Book 2005, p. 215)
J
- Joseph Jacobs [22], editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia
- Oscar Isaiah Janowsky, U.S. historian of modern Europe and Jews[2]
- Lisa Jardine, British historian (ref see List of British Jews#Historians)
- Louis de Jong, Dutch historian and journalist[2]
- Matthew Josephson, U.S. social historian[2]
- Titus Flavius Josephus, Ancient Jewish Historian
K
- Donald Kagan, American historian of ancient Greece[citation needed]
- Frederick Kagan, American military historian[citation needed]
- David Kahn, American historian of cryptography[citation needed]
- Ernst Kantorowicz, German-born American mediaevalist[2]
- Efraim Karsh, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Jacob Katz, was Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and author or editor of many books on medieval and modern Jewish social history[citation needed]
- Steven T. Katz, U.S. historian of the Holocaust
- Shmuel Katz, Israeli historian
- Solomon Katz, U.S. historian[2]
- Elie Kedourie, Iraq-born British historian (Jewish Year Book 1990 p. 202)
- Morton Keller, U.S. historian[2]
- Abraham Khalfon, Jewish historian of Tripoli[27]
- James Klugmann, communist historian [28]
- Richard Koebner, Israeli German historian[2]
- Hans Kohn, U.S. political and social historian[2]
- Hilton Kramer, American art historian[citation needed]
- Michael Kraus, U.S. historian[2]
- Leonard Krieger, U.S. historian[2]
- Hyman Kublin, U.S. historian of the far east[2]
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn, U.S. historian of science[2]
- Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p. 214)
L
- Leopold Labedz, Anglo-Polish historian of Communism[citation needed]
- Gyula Lanczy, Hungarian economic historian[2]
- David Landes, U.S. economic historian[2]
- Benno Landsberger, Austrian-born assyriologist
- Thomas Laqueur, UC Berkeley professor, historian of Britain since 1509: social, medical and sexual historian[citation needed]
- Walter Laqueur, German-born American historian of modern Europe, the Middle East & terrorism[citation needed]
- Max Laserson, Latvian historian[2]
- Michael Ledeen, American historian of Fascism[citation needed]
- Sidney Lee, second editor of the Dictionary of National Biography [29]
- Arthur Lefkowitz, American historian of the American Revolution[citation needed]
- Mary Lefkowitz, American classical scholar[citation needed]
- Gerda Lerner, Austrian-born American feminist historian[citation needed]
- Max Lerner, U.S. journalist and social historian[2]
- Joseph Levenson, U.S. specialist in Chinese history[2]
- Wilhelm Levison, German mediaevalist[2]
- Arthur Levy, French historian[2]
- Leonard William Levy, U.S. political historian[2]
- Paul Lévy, French linguistic historian[2]
- Bernard Lewis, British orientalist, History of Islam[2][30]
- David Malcolm Lewis, British historian. (Jewish Year Book 1995 p. 193)
- Felix Liebermann, German mediaevalist[2]
- Ephraim Lipson, British economic historian[2]
- Deborah Lipstadt, U.S. Holocaust historian[31]
- Victor Loewe, German historian and archivist[2]
- Robert Sabatino Lopez, U.S. mediaevalist[2]
- Sidney Low, British statesman, journalist and political historian[2]
- Samuel Lozinski, Russian historian[2]
- John Lukacs, Hungarian-US historian [32]
- Alberto Lumbroso, Italian historian of the Napoleonic period[2]
- Giacomo Lumbroso, Italian classical historian and archaeologist[2]
M
- Hyam Maccoby [33]
- Lothar Machtan[citation needed]
- Philip Magnus-Allcroft, biographer [34]
- Frank Manuel, U.S. historian[2]
- Henrik Marczali, Hungarian historian[2]
- Shula Marks, South African-British expert on African history (Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215)
- Ludwig Markus, German expert in Abyssinian and Beta Israeli history[2]
- Michael Marrus, Canadian Shoah historian[citation needed]
- Karl Marx, historian and philosopher[citation needed]
- Arno J. Mayer, Luxembourg-born American historian[2]
- Gustav Mayer, German political and social historian[2]
- Milton Meltzer, American historian of Afro-American history[citation needed]
- Ezra Mendelsohn, Polish historian of the Jewish community in Poland[citation needed]
- Isaak Mints, Ukrainian-born Russian historian[citation needed]
- Mark Borisovich Mitin, Russian politician and historian[2]
- Arnaldo Momigliano, Italian-British historian.(Jewish Year Book 1985 p. 188)
- Felice Momigliano, Italian philosopher and historian[2]
- Benny Morris, Israeli historian of Israel[citation needed]
- Richard Brandon Morris, U.S. constitutional historian[2]
- Louis C. Morton, U.S. historian[2]
- George Mosse, German-born American historian of ideas[2]
- Salomon Munk, German-born French historian
- Friederich Munzer, German classical scholar
- Gustavus Myers, U.S. social historian[2]
N
- Nadav Na`aman, Israeli historian of biblical times
- Oskar Nachod, German historian and bibliographer[2]
- Lewis Bernstein Namier, Polish-born British historian
- Abraham Nasatir, U.S. historian of west and southwest U.S.[citation needed]
- Alexander Nove, economic historian (Jewish Year Book 1990 p. 202)
O
- Julius Oppert, Assyriologist[citation needed]
- Michael Oren, Israeli historian[citation needed]
O
- Leo Oppenheim, Assyriologist[citation needed]
P
- Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American historian[citation needed]
- Francis Palgrave, British historian[2]
- Erwin Panofsky, German-born American art historian[35]
- Ilan Pappé, Israeli historian[2]
- Peter Paret, German-born American historian of German history[citation needed]
- [[Herbert S. Parmet, political historian and biographer[citation needed]
- [[Robert D. Parmet,labor and immigration historian and biographer[citation needed]
- Max Perlbach, German mediaevalist[2]
- Martin Phillipson, German modern historian and communal leader[2]
- Koppel Pinson, U.S. political and social historian[2]
- Daniel Pipes, American historian of the Middle East[citation needed]
- Richard Pipes, Polish-born American historian of Russia[2]
- Karl Polanyi, economist and historian [36]
- Leon Poliakov, French historian of anti-semitism[citation needed]
- Sidney Pomerantz, U.S. historian[2]
- Richard Popkin, historian of philosophy [37]
- Yehoshua Porath, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Samuel A. Portnoy, American historian of Jewish and East European history [38]
- George Posener, French Egyptologist[2]
- Michael Postan, British historian. (Jewish Year Book 1985 p. 188)
- Joshua Prawer, Israeli historian of the kingdom of Jerusalem and the crusades[2]
- Alfred Francis Pribram (de), Anglo-Austrian diplomatic historian.[39]
- Alfred Pribram, Austrian historian and publicist[2]
- Jacob Psantir, Rumanian historian of the Jews[2]
R
- Theodore Rabb, Renaissance historian[2]
- Ronald Radosh, American historian of espionage[citation needed]
- Armin Rappaport, U.S. historian[2]
- Sidney Ratner, U.S. economic historian[2]
- Jehuda Reinharz, U.S.-Israeli historian of modern Jewish history[citation needed]
- Ludwig Riess, German constitutional historian[2]
- Emanuel Ringelblum, Polish historian of Warsaw Ghetto[citation needed]
- Maxime Rodinson, French historian[citation needed]
- Samuele Romanin, Italian historian of classical Rome and Judaism[2]
- Nello Roselli, Italian historian[2]
- Ron Rosenbaum, American historian-journalist, author of Explaining Hitler (1998)[citation needed]
- Arthur Rosenberg, German historian and Zionist[2]
- Nathan Rosenstein, American historian of the Roman Republic[citation needed]
- Michael Alan Ross, American writer and author of BostonWalks The Jewish Friendship Trail Guidebook[40]
- Walt Whitman Rostow, American economic historian[citation needed]
- Cecil Roth, British historian[41] and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica
- Hans Rothfels, German-born American historian[citation needed]
- W.D.Rubinstein, American-born Australian historian in Britain[citation needed]
- Suzanne Rutland, Australian historian[citation needed]
S
- Abram L. Sachar, American historian[citation needed]
- Howard M. Sachar, American historian[citation needed]
- Julius Salomon, Danish historian and archivist[2]
- Simon Schama, British historian[42]
- J. Salwyn Schapiro, American historian of modern Europe[2]
- Leonard Schapiro,[43] historian
- Meyer Schapiro, Lithuanian-born American art historian[44]
- David Schoenbaum, modern German history[citation needed]
- Moses Schorr, historian of Polish Jews[citation needed]
- Debra Schultz, American feminist historian[citation needed]
- Yossi Schwartz[citation needed]
- Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, British World War 2 historian[45]
- Simon Sebag Montefiore, British historian of Russia[46]
- Tom Segev, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Arturo Segre, Italian political and commercial historian[2]
- Avraham Sela, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Enrique Semo, Mexican historian[citation needed]
- Bernard Semmel, U.S. historian[2]
- Michael Shamah, British Archaeologist[citation needed]
- Moshe Shamir, Israeli writer and historian[citation needed]
- Leeor Shimron, American historian[citation needed]
- Avi Shlaim, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Joseph Shulim, U.S. historian[2]
- Bernhard von Simson, German mediaevalist[2]
- Paul Simson, German historian[2]
- Charles Singer, British historian of science and medicine[2]
- Ephraim Avigdor Speiser, American assyriologist and archeologist[citation needed]
- Louis Snyder, U.S. historian[2]
- Arthur Stein (historian), Austrian historian of classical Rome[2]
- Aurel Stein [23], archeologist
- Henri Stein, French bibliographer and historian[2]
- Samuel Steinherz, Czechoslovakian mediaevalist[2]
- Alfred Stern, Swiss social historian[2]
- Fritz Stern, German-born American historian[citation needed]
- Menahem Stern, Israeli historian of ancient Judaism[citation needed]
- Zeev Sternhell, Israeli historian of French fascism[citation needed]
- Barry Supple, British economic historian (Jewish Year Book, 2005, p. 215)
T
- Hayim Tadmor, Assyriologist[citation needed]
- Jacob Talmon, Israeli political and social historian[2]
- Frank Tannenbaum, U.S. economic historian[2]
- Rosa Levin Toubin, Jewish Texan historian[2]
- Hans Trefousse, U.S. historian[2]
- Barbara Tuchman, U.S. journalist and historian[2][47]
U
- Adam Ulam, Polish-born American historian of Marxism, Communism, and 20th Century Russian history[citation needed]
- Irwin Unger, U.S. political and social historian[2]
V
- Geza Vermes, Hungarian-born British historian[48]
W
- Joanna Waley-Cohen, English historian now in New York[citation needed]
- Bernard Wasserstein, British historian of the Middle East and Europe[citation needed]
- Eugen Weber, Modern European History[citation needed]
- Gerhard Weinberg, German-born American historian of World War Two[citation needed]
- Robert Weinberg, American historian of Russia[citation needed]
- Bernard Weisberger, U.S. historian[2]
- Eduard Wertheimer, Hungarian historian of the 19th century[2]
- Helene Wieruszowski, German-U.S. historian[2]
- Mordecai Wilensky, American/Israeli historian of Jewish history
- Bertram Wolfe, U.S. Soviet historian[2]
- Michael Wolffsohn, Israeli-born German historian[citation needed]
- Leonard Woolf, British historian of economics[2]
Y
- Zvy Yavetz, Israeli historian of ancient Rome
- Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi (1932-2009), Jewish History, Culture & Society
- Aryeh Yitzhaki, Israeli historian
Z
- Abraham Zacuto, historian and scientist[citation needed]
- Rehavam Zeevi, Israeli historian[citation needed]
- Oscar Zeichner, U.S. historian[2]
- Alfred Zimmern, British political scientist and authority on International Relations[2]
- Carl A. Zimring, American environmental historian[citation needed]
- Howard Zinn, American historian[49]
References
- ^ https://jewishhistorylectures.org/
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc (EJL)
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Adler, Cyrus
- ^ [1] "her father, Geoffrey Alderman, is a columnist for the Jewish Chronicle, and her family are strict Orthodox Jews" Accessed 3 Jan 2007
- ^ Mor Altshuler's Curriculum Vitae
- ^ Амусин Иосиф
- ^ [2] Archived 2006-08-18 at the Wayback Machine "And I'm Jewish. I was about to go to Command and General Staff School and be promoted..." (subscription needed to view full text)
- ^ "Lithuania drops war crimes probe of Israeli historian," Archived 2014-03-26 at the Wayback Machine canada.com (September 24, 2008).
- ^ John M. G. Barclay, Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora, University of California Press, 1996.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Bentwich
- ^ http://www2.trincoll.edu/~mendele/ytf/ytf02006.htm
- ^ j. - Celebrity Jews: Rich Guys Donate
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-05-27. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ [3] "Cantor, himself Jewish, took on the "ruling circles of the American and Israeli Jewish communities"."
- ^ [4] "later known as Ariel (1898-1981), a Russian Jewish immigrant and talented student..."
- ^ http://arthistorians.info/ettinghausenr, "Both a Jew and an avid Islamicist"
- ^ Jewish Chronicle obituary, June 25, 1993, p.15
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- ^ [5]
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- ^ [6]
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- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was buried in Golders Green Jewish cemetery"
- ^ "The German-Jewish historian, George Hallgarten" Archived 2005-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Hilberg, Raul
- ^ Meddeb, Abdelwahab; Stora, Benjamin, eds. (2013). A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the origins to the present day. Princeton University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-691-15127-4.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Jewish parents"
- ^ [8]
- ^ [9] "He is Jewish, a native of London, in his 80s."
- ^ [10] "Lipstadt, the American Jewish academic who exposes Holocaust deniers ..."
- ^ [11]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-09. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Magnus"
- ^ [12] "Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), another Jewish scholar associated with the Warburg Library, was the most illustrious art historian who found refuge in America." (subscription needed to view)
- ^ [13]
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Philosophy"
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Almanach für das Jahr 1949, 99. Band, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, In Kommission bei R. M. Rohrer.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ [14]
- ^ [15]
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Glasgow of an anglophile Riga Jewish family"
- ^ [16] "An archetypal Jewish immigrant"
- ^ [17]
- ^ [18]
- ^ [19] "American Jewish historian Barbara Tuchman was born in New York City"
- ^ [20]
- ^ [21] ""The Corporation," the lineup was a quartet of four Jewish left intellectuals, including Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn..."