Closed list - Wikipedia

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Social choice and electoral systems
A joint Politics and Economics series

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Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can (effectively) only vote for political parties as a whole, and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters have at least some influence, then it is called an open list.

In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections,^[1] so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not.

However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the position of either losing or winning their seat depending on the number of votes the party gets. "The water mark" is the number of seats a specific party can be expected to achieve. The number of seats that the party wins, combined with the candidates' positions on the party's list, will then determine whether a particular candidate will get a seat.

List of locations with closed list proportional representation

References

^ "Open, Closed and Free Lists —". ACE Project. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
^ "IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Albania". www.electionguide.org. Retrieved 2021-01-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lundberg, Thomas Carl (22 October 2010). "Post-communism and the abandonment of mixedmember electoral systems" (PDF). University of Glasgow. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
^ "{title}". Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
^ "Elections - GRN Portal". www.ecn.na. Archived from the original on 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
^ In New Zealand, there is open list and closed list voting
^ "New Zealand country brief". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ Filimon, Paul (20 July 2015). "Legea ALEGERILOR PARLAMENTARE pe LISTE, promulgată de Iohannis". România Liberă (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved 2018-05-24.

External links

Country profiles at IFES
Open, Closed and Free Lists at Ace Project

Electoral systems

Part of the politics and Economics series

Single-winner

Proportional

Systems	Mixed-member Mixed single vote Party-list Proportional approval voting Rural–urban Sequential proportional approval voting Single transferable vote CPO-STV Hare-Clark Schulze STV Spare vote Indirect single transferable voting
Allocation	Highest averages method Webster/Sainte-Laguë D'Hondt Largest remainders method
Quotas	Droop quota Hagenbach-Bischoff quota Hare quota Imperiali quota

Mixed

Semi-proportional

Criteria

Other

Comparison

Portal — Project

List of locations with closed list proportional representation

See also

References

External links