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Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)

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For his father, physician, see Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov.
Alexei Abrikosov
Abrikosov in 2003
Born(1928-06-25)June 25, 1928
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
DiedMarch 29, 2017(2017-03-29) (aged 88)
Palo Alto, California, United States
Citizenship
Alma mater
Known for
Spouse
Svetlana Yuriyevna Bunkova
​
​
(m. 1977)​
Children3
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Institutions
Websitewww.msd.anl.gov/abrikosov

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017[3][4]) was a Soviet, Russian and American[5] theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.[5][6][7]

Education and early life

Abrikosov was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, on June 25, 1928, to a couple of physicians: Prof. Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov and Dr. Fani Abrikosova, née Wulf. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1948. From 1948 to 1965, he worked at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (a "higher doctorate") degree in 1955 for a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies.

Career

From 1965 to 1988, he worked at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (USSR Academy of Sciences). He has been a professor at Moscow State University since 1965. In addition, he held tenure at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology from 1972 to 1976, and at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1976 to 1991. He served as a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1991. In 1991, he became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In two works in 1952 and 1957, Abrikosov explained how magnetic flux can penetrate a class of superconductors. This class of materials is known as type-II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_contentsuperconductors. The accompanying arrangement of magnetic flux lines is called the Abrikosov vortex lattice.

From 1991 until his retirement, he worked at Argonne National Laboratory in the U.S. state of Illinois. Abrikosov was an Argonne Distinguished Scientist at the Condensed Matter Theory Group in Argonne's Materials Science Division. His recent research has focused on the origins of magnetoresistance, a property of some materials that change their resistance to electrical flow under the influence of a magnetic field.[8][9][10][11][12]

Honours and awards

Abrikosov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1966, the Fritz London Memorial Prize in 1972, and the USSR State Prize in 1982. In 1989 he received the Landau Prize from the Academy of Sciences, Russia. Two years later, in 1991, Abrikosov was awarded the Sony Corporation's John Bardeen Award. The same year he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[13] He is also a member of the Royal Academy of London, a fellow of the American Physical Society, and in 2000 was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Sciences. He was the co-recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony James Leggett, for theories about how matter can behave at extremely low temperatures. Other awards include:

Personal life

Abrikosov was the son of the physicians Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov (1875-1955) and Fania Davidovna Woolf (1895—1965).

His sister was Maria Alekseevna Abrikósova (1929-1998), physician.

He was married to Svetlana Yuriyevna Bunkova and had 3 children.[5][14]

He died on 29 March 2017 at the age of 88.

References

  1. ^ a b "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16.
  2. ^ a b "Alexei A. Abrikosov, Argonne National Laboratory". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 2015-08-19.
  3. ^ "Прощание с нобелевским лауреатом Абрикосовым состоится 31 марта в Калифорнии". 30 March 2017.
  4. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/02/science/alexei-abrikosov-nobel-laureate-in-physics-dies.html
  5. ^ a b c Alexei A. Abrikosov. Autobiography. Nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Prize, 2003
  6. ^ "Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov's Nobel Prize winning research associated with the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies".
  7. ^ A Short Biography of Abrikosov Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, on the website of the Material Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory
  8. ^ Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of an Unusual Metal-Insulator Transition in Layered High-Tc Cuprates”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(August 28, 2003) Archived June 20, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Abrikosov, A. A. “Theory of High-{Tc} Superconducting Cuprates Based on Experimental Evidence”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy,(Dec. 10, 1999).
  10. ^ Abrikosov, A. A. “New Developments in the Theory of HTSC (High Temperature Superconductors)”, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research,(Sept. 1994).
  11. ^ Abrikosov, A. A. "On the magnetic properties of superconductors of the second group", Soviet Physics JETP 5, 1174 (1957), page scans of the original article.
  12. ^ “Argonne Scientist Wins 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics” McGregor, S., Oct. 7, 2003 Archived 2008-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, press release.
  13. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  14. ^ Hargittai, Balazs (2005). Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists. Imperial College Pres. p. 185. ISBN 1860945066.
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