Anyphaenidae
| Anyphaenidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Hibana incursa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878 |
| Genera | |
| Diversity | |
| 56 genera, 506 species | |
| |
Anyphaenidae is a family araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the spinnerets toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the abdomen. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets. Like [clubionids, anyphaenids have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 500 species in over 50 genera worldwide.
The family is widespread and includes such common genera as Anyphaena (worldwide except tropical Africa and Asia) and Hibana (New World). Only one species (A. accentuata) occurs in northwestern Europe.
Species in the latter genus are important predators in several agricultural systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.
Systematics
The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan.[1]
- Amaurobioidinae Hickman, 1949
- Amaurobioidini Hickman, 1949
- Acanthoceto Mello-Leitão, 1944
- Amaurobioides O. P.-Cambridge, 1883
- Axyracrus Simon, 1884
- Aysenia Tullgren, 1902
- Aysenoides Ramírez, 2003
- Coptoprepes Simon, 1884
- Ferrieria Tullgren, 1901
- Gamakia Ramírez, 2003
- Josa Keyserling, 1891
- Negayan Ramírez, 2003
- Selknamia Ramírez, 2003
- Gayennini Ramirez, 2003
- Anyphaeninae Bertkau, 1878
- Alijassa Brescovit, 1997
- Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833
- Anyphaenoides Berland, 1913
- Australaena Berland, 1942
- Aysha Keyserling, 1891
- Bromelina Brescovit, 1993
- Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997
- Hatitia Brescovit, 1997
- Hibana Brescovit, 1991
- Iguarima Brescovit, 1997
- Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997
- Isigonia Simon, 1897
- Italaman Brescovit, 1997
- Katissa Brescovit, 1997
- Lepajan Brescovit, 1993
- Lupettiana Brescovit, 1997
- Macrophyes O. P.-Cambridge, 1893
- Mesilla Simon, 1903
- Osoriella Mello-Leitão, 1922
- Otoniela Brescovit, 1997
- Patrera Simon, 1903
- Pippuhana Brescovit, 1997
- Sillus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1900
- Tafana Simon, 1903
- Temnida Simon, 1896
- Teudis O. P.-Cambridge, 1896
- Thaloe Brescovit, 1993
- Timbuka Brescovit, 1997
- Umuara Brescovit, 1997
- Wulfila O. P.-Cambridge, 1895
- Wulfilopsis Soares & Camargo, 1955
- Xiruana Brescovit, 1997
- Malenellinae Ramirez, 1995
- Malenella Ramírez, 1995
See also
External links
- Family Anyphaenidae Sac spiders, ghost spiders
- Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
- Video of Hibana, an anyphaenid from Florida