Jump to content

Audi R10 TDI

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Audi R10 TDI
A front-three quarters view of the Audi R10 that won the 2007 12 Hours of Sebring. The car has the number 2 and the words "TDI Power" emblazoned on the sides, and just above the rollover hoops are the drivers' names, Emanuele Pirro, Marco Werner, and Frank Biela. The car is finished largely in gloss silver, the wheel arches and sidepods are finished with a bright red as are the rollover hoops above the drivers' head, and the rear wing and wheels are both a brilliant silver
The R10 TDI at the Neckarsulm AudiForum
CategoryLMP1
ConstructorAudi
Designer(s)
  • Ralf Jüttner (technical director)[1]
  • Wolfgang Appel (head of chassis design)[2]
PredecessorAudi R8
SuccessorAudi R15 TDI
Technical specifications[3]
ChassisCarbon fibre monocoque with aluminium honeycomb
Suspension (front)Double wishbone, coil springs and dampers with pushrods, anti-roll bar
Suspension (rear)As front
Length4,650 mm (183.1 in)
Width2,000 mm (78.7 in)
Height1,030 mm (40.6 in)
Wheelbase2,980 mm (117.3 in)
EngineAudi TDI 5,500 cc (335.6 cu in) 90° DOHC 48-valve aluminium V12, twin-turbocharged, mid-engined, longitudinally mounted
Torque1,100 N⋅m (811 lb⋅ft)
TransmissionAudi with Xtrac-Megaline internals 5-speed pneumatically-actuated sequential manual transmission, with viscous-mechanical locking differential
Power≥650 PS (641 hp; 478 kW)[4][5]
Weight925 kg (2,039 lb)[6][5][7]
BrakesVentilated carbon-fibre discs
TyresMichelin radials with OZ forged magnesium alloy wheels
Competition history
Notable entrants
Notable drivers
21
Debut2006 12 Hours of Sebring
Last event2010 24 Hours of Le Mans
RacesWinsPolesF/Laps
48361213
Teams' Championships4 (American Le Mans 2006, 2007, 2008, Le Mans Series 2008)
Constructors' Championships4 (American Le Mans 2006, 2007, 2008, Le Mans Series 2008)
Drivers' Championships4 (American Le Mans 2006, 2007, 2008, Le Mans Series 2008)

The Audi R10 TDI (Turbo Direct Injection) is a sports prototype designed and built by Audi in partnership with Dallara.[8] Built to the Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) regulations, the R10 was highly successful throughout its career; the R10 became the first diesel-powered car to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2006, in what would be the first of three 24 Hours of Le Mans wins.[6] Unveiled to the public on 13 December 2005 in Paris, the R10 would go on to win the 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans just 200 days later.[9]

The R10 was eventually replaced by the R15 TDI at the conclusion of the 2008 American Le Mans Series. Colin Kolles of ByKolles Racing (known then as 'Kolles') fielded the car for two more years at Le Mans and for a single year in the 2009 Le Mans Series.[10][11]

Background

[edit]

The R10's predecessor, the R8 Le Mans Prototype, was an open-cockpit design based on experience gained with the Audi R8R.[12] The R8R's sibling, the closed-cockpit R8C, was not as successful as the R8R and Audi chose open-cockpits as their design philosophy, this remained the case until 2011, when the R18 TDI was unveiled with a closed-cockpit.[13] A key difference between open- and closed-cockpit designs such as the Bentley Speed 8 was that the closed-cockpit prototypes of the LMGTP class ran with narrower tyres, but had larger air restrictors and thus produced more power compared to its fellow open-cockpit LMP1 cars.[14]

The R8 proved to be one of the most successful sports prototypes of all time, dominating the LMP900 class from its introduction in 2000, scoring 63 victories from 79 races.[15] Eventually, weight and air restrictor penalties resulted in the R8's competitors becoming increasingly closer on pace, for the 2005 edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans the R8 was forced to carry 50 kg (110 lb) extra in ballast and had smaller air restrictors.[16] These changes to the regulations meant that the V8 in the R8 LMP was becoming obsolete.[17][18] The 2005 Le Mans Endurance Series finale at Istanbul saw the end to the R8's racing activities in Europe, however, akin to what was done with the R8R, the R8 replaced the R10 following the latter's debut at the 2006 12 Hours of Sebring until the 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans.[19][20]

The R8 LMP was renowned for its serviceability, especially the rear assembly, which was nicknamed "Hinterwagen".[21] The serviceability trend continued with the R10, with not only the rear bodywork being removable but the front crash structure too.[22] The R10 carried over the R8's carbon fibre monocoque and aluminium honeycomb, with the plastic bodywork replaced by a carbon-fibre composite construction, necessitated by the increased weight of the V12 compared to the previous V8.[22]

Engine and transmission

[edit]
See also: Diesel automobile racing
2008 Audi R10 TDI
The Audi R10 TDI at the 2009 Goodwood Festival of Speed
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Audi was not the first to campaign a diesel-powered car at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with French brothers Jean and Jacques Delettrez being the first to field a diesel. They entered the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans with a car that had bodywork by Delage and was powered by a 4.4 L (268.5 cu in) inline-6 producing 70 PS (69 hp; 51 kW). They retired after completing 1,660 km (1,031 mi), having run the starter motor battery dry after attempting to travel back to the pits after the car had run out of diesel.[23]

After retiring with valve failure in 1951, the Delettrez brothers were the last diesel-powered entrant until privateers Taurus Sports Racing entered the 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Lola B2K/10 that was powered by a 4,921 cc (300.3 cu in) V10 TDI from a Volkswagen Touareg.[23] The first success of a diesel-powered race car was a BMW 320d that won the 1998 24 Hours of Nürburgring.[23]

In the early 2000s head of Engine Technology at Audi Sport Ulrich Baretsky met with Automobile Club de l'Ouest officials to discuss the direction endurance racing went in the future. During that conversation Baretsky realised that 50% of European cars on the market were powered by diesel engines,[17] prompting Baretsky to suggest to head of Engine Development at Audi Wolfgang Hatz the idea of a diesel-powered race car. Hatz supported the idea, citing how the technologies pioneered in a diesel-powered race car could be carried over into a road car, or vice versa, such as FSI technology which was being used in the R8 LMP's and Audi's road car engines.[24][17] Wolfgang Ullrich, head of Audi Motorsport, also saw the potential in a diesel-powered race car, as the American Le Mans Series was part of Audi's competition calendar, and Audi was looking to introduce its diesel road car range to the United States.[25] Ullrich wanted to change the stereotype of diesels being dirty[26] and "oil-burners",[27] and that he "wanted to push the sportiness of the diesel", and "the best way to do that was through motor sport [sic]."[20] Then-chairman of the board of Audi AG Martin Winterkorn reiterated this during the car's presentation in Paris in 2005, saying "The Le Mans project will help our technicians to extract even more from TDI technology".[28]

During the 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans, Baretsky met with the then-chairman of the supervisory board of Volkswagen, Ferdinand Piëch, who gave the project the go-ahead.[20] The first engine prototype was a production-based Audi V8 with a similar bore and stroke to the V12 intended for use in the race car, and its first runs on the dyno came in early 2005.[24] By the time of the R10's unveiling in December of that year, the engine was said to have completed around 1,000 hours on the dyno.[22] The engine presented several unique challenges for Audi, one of which was the construction of the engine block. Wolfgang Appel, director of Vehicle Technology at Audi, compared the task to the Apollo program, saying "In the beginning they [the Americans] did not know what was going on, nor did we!"[22] At the time, all of Audi's road car diesel engines used vermicular cast iron, and head of Audi Diesel Engine Development Richard Bauder suggested that like the road cars, the race car block should be machined from cast iron.[20] Baretsky rejected the idea on the grounds that a cast iron block was too heavy, opting for an aluminium-silicon alloy block instead.[24][22] The Bosch Motronic MS14 engine control unit (ECU) was also bespoke, with Bosch having never written software for an engine this powerful.[20] A Bosch common rail fuel injection system with piezoelectric injectors[29] delivered fuel into the cylinders at over 1,600 bar (23,206 psi), combined with a Garrett turbocharger for each bank (limited to 2.94 bar (42.6 psi)), resulted in a power output of over 650 PS (478 kW; 641 hp) between 3,000 and 5,000 rpm and a torque output of 1,100 N⋅m (811 lb⋅ft).[17]

The Audi R10's exposed engine bay, viewed from the rear on a three-quarters angle. It shows the carbon-fibre intake plenums, which are emblazoned with the four-ring Audi logo and the letters "V12 TDI". Radiators are situated to the left and right of the engine, with air intakes for the rear wheels directly rearwards of them. The transmission and engine are both mounted longitudinally, with the former right behind the engine. The diesel particulate filters are immediately to the behind of the transmission.
The R10's 5.5 litre V12 TDI diesel engine. The bottom left shows the diesel particulate filters developed by Dow Automotive.

Dow Automotive also developed and manufactured a specialised diesel particulate filter (DPF) for the R10.[22] The particulate filter consisted of a chemically treated ceramic honeycomb structure, which had a distinct microstructure that reduced weight and had a high porosity. The filters were so efficient that exhausts from the engine were practically transparent, and the exhaust note was around 5 dB quieter than the R8, at 105 dB.[6][30] Allan McNish said the exhaust was so quiet that above 161 km/h (100 mph), the sound of wind rushing by was louder than the engine itself, making downshifting hard to do by ear.[8][31] A complication with the diesel particulate filters arose when deciding where to mount them; Audi eventually settling on mounting them aftwards at the end of the exhaust pipes.[24] This somewhat disturbed the R10's weight distribution, with Baretsky commenting that "We'd be happier to have them [the filters] closer to the engine, but this would have put them in the middle of the rear axle".[24] After the 2006 race, Baretsky was said to have wiped the inside of the No. 8's exhaust pipes whilst the car was in parc fermé, and Ralf Jüttner, team director of Joest Racing, remarked that afterwards "the napkins were as pristine-white as before".[32]

The immense power produced by the engine also required a new gearbox. A favourable torque curve meant that a 6-speed like the one found in the R8 was unnecessary, and Xtrac provided a 5-speed pneumatically-actuated sequential with a ZF Sachs ceramic clutch, and Megaline supplied the gearbox control software.[17] The new gearbox, despite the reinforcements made to handle the torque of the engine, turned out to be lighter than the R8's gearbox.[22] Bosch also supplied the car with its Acceleration Slip Regulation unit.[17]

Along with the engine's high power and torque figures, its efficiency was among the highest in racing engines of its era. The car's fuel kilometrage at the 2006 and 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans was 41.05 L/100 km (5.73 mpg‑US), and 45.56 L/100 km (5.16 mpg‑US), respectively (the latter race being hampered by rain).[33][22] In comparison, a 2007 Formula One car was said to have a fuel efficiency of around 75 L/100 km (3.14 mpg‑US).[34] This efficiency meant that the R10 was able to run longer stints than the R8,[17] and proved to be integral to Audi's success at the Circuit de la Sarthe. Victory at the 2006 race saw Audi run 4 more laps per stint than its closest competitor, the petrol-powered Pescarolo-Judd, and victory at the 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans came courtesy of the diesel Peugeot 908 HDi FAP needing to pit a lap earlier than the R10 to take on fuel, despite being a quicker car.[33][7]

Racing history

[edit]

2006

[edit]
The No. 8 Audi R10, driven by Marco Werner, in motion at the 2009 Goodwood Festival of Speed.
The 2006 24 Hour of Le Mans-winning No. 8 Audi R10 of Audi Sport Team Joest at the 2009 Goodwood Festival of Speed, driven by Marco Werner.

The R10's debut season saw Joest Racing handling the R10's Le Mans duties, and partner with Champion Racing at Sebring.[35] Champion Racing continued to field the car in the American Le Mans Series, although the R10 was replaced by the R8 following Sebring and was not reintroduced until the fifth round of the season at the 2006 Utah Grand Prix.[20][36] Sebring acted as a testing ground for Joest Racing as preparations in Europe began for that year's 24 Hours of Le Mans in June.[20][17][6] Ullrich said the rationale behind fielding the older R8 was that the R10 project required more development, saying "We used Sebring as a testing ground, but until Le Mans was done we used the existing R8 in the US".[20]

Le Mans

[edit]
An Audi R10 in motion, viewed from its left side. The number 8 and the letters "TDI Power" are emblazoned on the side, next to the German flag and the Royal Dutch Shell logo. Frank Biela is at the wheel and is currently turning right.
Frank Biela pilots the No. 8 on the Circuit de la Sarthe during qualifying practice, two days prior to the race.

Joest Racing's Le Mans campaign did not start off smoothly, with an issue with the piezo-electric injectors surfacing. The injectors behaved unusually during qualifying and the race, because of the constant development and modifications to the engine throughout 2006, Audi would be in constant communication with Bosch to try and resolve the problem.[20][37] A temporary measure implemented was to limit the distance covered by each engines through qualifying, so as to preserve them for the race.[20][37] Despite this, Rinaldo Capello put the No. 7 R10 on pole with a time of 3:30.466, alongside him was the sister No. 8, with Marco Werner setting a time of 3:30.584, over 2 seconds faster than the nearest petrol-hybrid Pescarolo-Judd C60s, which lined up in the second row.[38]

The injector problem resurfaced during the race, with the No. 7 car coming into the pits in the fourth hour to replace an injector that had failed. The faulty injector held the car up for twenty minutes, because the software could not pinpoint exactly which injector had failed, only which bank it was in.[20] Audi eventually replaced the entire right-hand bank of injectors,[39] and the No. 7 rejoined in 14th place, six laps behind the leading No. 8.[40] Repairs to fix contact with lapped traffic and turbo failure cost the No. 7 almost an hour in the pits, effectively ruling it out for the overall win.[41]

The No. 8 was not affected by injector issues, with its only unscheduled appearance in the pit lane coming early in the morning of the following day for a gear cluster change.[42] The No. 8 went on to take the overall win in a record 380 laps @ 215.4 km/h (133.8 mph), 4 laps ahead of the No. 17 Pescarolo-Judd, and the No. 7 sister Audi rounded out the podium, finishing 13 laps behind the leader.[43][44][32] Kristensen also set the record for longest stint at the time in an LMP1 car, covering 16 laps in a single 90 L (23.8 US gal) tank of diesel,[7] along with setting the fastest lap, clocking a 3:31.211 en route to his podium finish.[8][42] The R10's victory was the first triumph of a diesel-powered race car in a major event since a Cummins Special qualified on pole for the 1953 Indianapolis 500, and the first diesel race car to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[17][32][45] Pirro also extended his consecutive podium finishes to eight.[46]

Following Audi's success at Le Mans, the R10 made a brief appearance in the United Kingdom for an exhibition race. Allan McNish was pitted against a Harrier Jump Jet at the RAF Wittering base during the 2006 Goodwood Festival of Speed.[47] The R10 raced the jet from a standing start over a 1 km (0.6 mi) stretch of tarmac, and was the first of the two to reach 241 km/h (150 mph), shortly before the Harrier overtook the R10 and became airborne.[48] McNish commented "It was essentialiy a 'fun' race," and that "when a racing driver and a pilot get together it quickly becomes serious".[48]

American Le Mans Series

[edit]

Champion Racing assumed responsibility for the R10's campaign in the American Le Mans Series as Audi Sport North America.[49][50] Frank Biela and Emanuele Pirro were the No. 1 R10's regular drivers for the season, with Allan McNish and Rinaldo Capello regulars at the helm of the No. 2.[50][49]

The R10 was quick straight away, with Rinaldo Capello breaking the Sebring lap record on the last day of winter testing, setting a time of 1:47.308.[51] Capello, alongside Tom Kristensen and Allan McNish, piloted the No. 2 R10 for the opening round of the American Le Mans Series with Marco Werner, Emanuele Pirro, and Frank Biela piloting the sister No. 1 R10.[52]

The No. 2 R10 broke the track lap record in qualifying en route to pole position at Sebring in an Audi front row lockout, but was forced to start from the pit lane because of an intercooler failure.[8][53] The No. 2 dominated the race, leading every single lap of the race, giving Tom Kristensen a then record-breaking 4th overall win at Sebring.[54] The No. 2 was Audi's sole podium finisher, the sister No. 1 suffering from cooling issues caused by tyre debris blocking a radiator. The No. 1 was retired four hours into the race as a precautionary measure.[53]

At the inaugural 2006 Utah Grand Prix, Capello and McNish went into the race holding a comfortable lead in the championship standings as the R8 remained competitive, having been run for the previous three rounds.[36] Biela qualified on pole, setting a time of 2:21.554.[55] Biela lost the lead on the first lap to McNish at turn 4 after going wide, and run wide again at the final turn, losing more places. McNish maintained and extended his lead until he came into the pitlane on the 25th lap to swap seats with Capello. Capello regained the lead on the 49th lap but was forced to make an unscheduled pit stop with a tyre puncture on the 59th lap, ruling his crew out of overall contention. Pirro in the sister R10 made his way through the field following Biela's earlier mistakes, setting the fastest lap on the 51st lap en route to retaking the lead.[55] Lucas Luhr in the No. 6 Porsche RS Spyder LMP2 followed closely behind, and an attempt to overtake Pirro on the last lap did not materialise, with Luhr finishing 0.314 seconds behind Pirro.[56]

At the next round, the 2006 Portland Grand Prix, Butch Leitzinger put his No. 16 Lola B06/10 on pole with a 1:03.101, 0.132 s ahead of the No. 20 of his teammate, Guy Smith.[57] The No. 2 R10 of Capello and McNish was the only Audi to crack the top four, qualifying behind the two Lolas with a 1:03.421, and the No. 1 started 5th with a 1:03.813.[36] The two Audis swept the race, with both cars finishing two laps ahead of the nearest Lola.[58] McNish took his 4th outright victory of the season, extending his championship lead to 39 points.[59]

The governing body of the American Le Mans Series, the IMSA, made changes to the regulations before the Generac 500 at Road America, allowing the petrol-powered LMP1 cars to run 65 kg (143 lb) less than the diesel-powered cars.[60] This meant that the petrol-powered LMP1s weighed 860 lb (390 kg), with the R10's weight unchanged at 925 kg (2,039 lb). The petrol-powered LMP1s also received a 5 L (1.32 US gal) fuel tank volume increase.[60][61]

Despite the balance of performance shifting out of the R10's favour, they scored a front row lockout in qualifying. The No. 2 of McNish was the fastest of the two, setting a new track lap record with a 1:49.181, 1.386 seconds ahead of the sister No. 1.[62] Shortly after the lights went out for the race, James Weaver of the No. 16 Lola B06/10 made contact with Biela, sending Biela into the gravel, causing him to drop down to 22nd after the first lap.[63] The No. 7 RS Spyder of Luhr and Romain Dumas traded the lead with the No. 2 of McNish and Capello, however, a late restart enabled Pirro to take the chequered flag, four-tenths ahead of Capello.[64][63] Capello

A front three-quarters view of a gloss silver Audi R10 TDI in motion with the number 2 and the words "TDI Power" emblazoned on the side. The driver, Rinaldo Capello, has just begun to turn right.
The No. 2 R10 TDI of Capello and McNish at the 2006 Grand Prix of Mosport

Rain cancelled qualifying for the 2006 Grand Prix of Mosport, and qualifying times were taken from each car's fastest time in practice. Weaver and Leitzinger qualified on pole, with a 1:06.843, with McNish and Capello alongside them in second.[65] The No. 20 Lola B06/10 of Chris Dyson took the lead on the first lap, holding it until he had to pit on lap 27, remaining at the front until lap 46.[66] The No. 2 of Capello took the lead from there, losing it briefly on lap 62 for the driver change, with McNish racing with the Dyson Lolas of Leitzinger and Smith.[66] Despite McNish suffering from loss of grip due to picking up marbles on his tyres, which allowed Leitzinger to overtake him briefly, McNish retook the lead and finish first, 2.794 s ahead of the No. 20 Lola of Smith.[67][68] With this victory, McNish and Capello extended their championship lead to 49 points, giving them the driver's championship.[69] This was because even if Weaver and Leitzinger, their closest competitors, won the next two rounds, McNish and Capello were still driver champions since they scored more victories.[69]

Petit Le Mans was their next race, with McNish lining up second on the front row of the grid next to Nicolas Minassian, who set a 1:10.829 in his Creation CA06/H.[70] Minassian led the field until Werner in the No. 1 Audi overtook him on the 25th lap, with Werner himself then being overtaken by McNish in the sister No. 2.[70] McNish and Capello battled with Stefan Johansson and Luhr in their No. 15 Zytek 06S and RS Spyder respectively, exchanging the lead several times.[70] Smith in the No. 20 Lola B06/10 started to close in on Biela, but rear suspension failure sent him into a heavy shunt just before turn five, and a full-course yellow was shown as the debris was cleaned up.[71][72] Johansson's co-driver, Haruki Kurosawa, briefly led on the 103rd lap before Biela retook the lead on the 104th lap.[70] McNish later reeled Biela in, retaking the lead on the 155th lap, a lead he held until a brief interruption by Johansson from laps 258–267, taking the chequered flag.[70][73] The sister No. 1 was close behind towards the finish, but contact with a backmarker 13 minutes before the end damaged the front suspension, forcing Werner to pit and lose time.[74] The No. 1 crossed the finish line to place seventh overall, fifth in class.[70][73]

The R10 at the 2006 Monterey Sports Car Championships, with Emanuele Pirro at the wheel.

At the season finale at Laguna Seca, the No. 2 and No. 1 Audi qualified fourth and fifth, setting a time of 1:14.116 and 1:14.351, respectively.[75] Johansson set a new lap record when he put his Zytek 06S on pole with a 1:13.731, over three tenths ahead of the No. 2.[75] The beginning of the race saw both Audis lose significant time, Pirro in the No. 1 pitted on the third lap after an onboard camera became loose and fell into the footwell of the car, and McNish was issued with a stop-and-go penalty after causing contact going into Laguna Seca's famous "Corkscrew", forcing the team to replace his front fascia.[76] A safety car allowed both cars to unlap themselves, and McNish recaptured the lead on lap 108,[77] a lead he held until the end as his competitors had to pit again in the final hour for fuel, something which both Audis did not need to because of the engine's efficiency was combined with fuel-conserving driving techniques.[76] The sister No. 2 finished 18.579 seconds behind, giving Audi their third 1–2 finish of the season.[76] With the completion of the 2006 season, Audi became the first manufacturer to win every single race of the LMP1 class in the American Le Mans Series.[76]

2007

[edit]

Several minor refinements were made to the R10; namely lighter particulate filters, a more precise suspension, an improved engine control unit from Bosch, and a refined tyre construction from supplier Michelin. The chassis and engine remained the same from the previous year's car, however, the engine's power band was improved to make the car more driveable and frugal.[78][79] Two drivers, Lucas Luhr and Mike Rockenfeller, were poached from fellow German marque Porsche, the former having previously driven a Porsche RS Spyder in the American Le Mans Series and the latter having previously driven a Porsche-powered Grand-Am Daytona Prototype.[80]

Le Mans

[edit]

Audi sent three cars to the 75th 24 Hours of Le Mans. Two were run under the "Audi Sport North America" banner, and one under "Audi Sport Team Joest", with Joest Racing responsible for all three cars.[81][82]

Driver lineups largely remained the same, the No. 1 R10 driven by Frank Biela, Emanuele Pirro and Marco Werner, the No. 2 by Dindo Capello, Allan McNish and Tom Kristensen, and the No. 3 by Lucas Luhr, Alexandre Prémat and Mike Rockenfeller. Kristensen was replaced by Mattias Ekström for the test days following Kristensen's severe crash at the opening round of the 2007 DTM season in April.[83] Ekström swapped seats with Rockenfeller as Rockenfeller's stature was similar to that of Capello and McNish's. Kristensen was left to recover and following a brief test later at Brands Hatch, he was cleared to race by doctors.[83][84] Kristensen's recovery meant that Ekström was not needed anymore, and he returned to Sweden.[83]

The No. 8 Peugeot 908 HDi FAP of Sébastien Bourdais, Pedro Lamy, and Stephane Sarrazin topped the timing tables during testing, posting a 3:26.707,[85] over a second and a half faster than the second-placed No. 2 R10 of Biela, Pirro, and Werner.[84] This pace carried over into the first qualifying session, with Peugeot and Audi battling fiercely for pole position as rain was forecast the following day.[86] The first session was interrupted by rain and two red flags, with Sarrazin eventually taking provisional pole away from McNish on his final flying lap, setting a 3:26.344, just over half a second ahead of McNish.[86] The weather forecast proved to be accurate, with all of qualifying the next day taking place in wet conditions; Bourdais duly set the fastest time, a 4:01.928.[87] Since Sarrazin's time set in dry qualifying had not been beaten, the No. 8 car was on pole for the race, with the No. 2 of Capello, McNish, and Kristen alongside them.[88][89] The No. 1 and No. 2 R10 of Biela, Pirro, Werner, and Luhr, Prémat, and Rockenfeller lined up fourth and fifth, respectively.[89]

An Audi R10 at the Circuit de la Sarthe for the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, same as the previous cars, and has a German flag and is instead emblazoned with the number 1. Emanuele Pirro is at the wheel and is turning right.
The No. 1 Audi R10 which went on to win the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, with Pirro at the wheel.

Bourdais led the off field in his 908 HDi but ran wide on the first lap at the Dunlop chicane and handed over the lead to Capello,[90] and soon the Audis were running in the top three positions. Rockenfeller was one of the first victims of the still-damp track, spinning and crashing the No. 3 R10 within the first couple of hours into an Armco barrier near Tertre Rouge, destroying a significant portion of the rear assembly of his R10.[91] Rockenfeller attempted to repair his car, but with his differential only powering a single wheel, he was eventually coerced by the marshals to retire.[91][81]

Capello, along with Kristensen and McNish, steadily build up a lead after Bourdais ran wide, a lead they held despite an interruption in the seventh hour by a safety car after Werner's No. 1 R10 made contact with Jan Magnussen's Chevrolet Corvette C6.R.[92] Capello's co-driver McNish set the fastest lap of the race in the early hours in the following morning, clocking a 3:27.176.[93] Capello led the No. 1 R10 in his No. 2 R10 by three laps as the race passed the sixteenth hour mark, with Werner having lost time due to an unscheduled pit stop for a nose change after his contact with Magnussen.[92][94] Shortly afterwards, an improperly fastened wheel nut from Capello's last pit stop worked itself loose,[95] resulting in Capello's left rear wheel coming off, sending him into a spin and a large shunt into the barriers at the Indianapolis curve.[96][97] Rod Bymaster, Audi Motorsport North America manager, remarked that "You know there's something wrong when the rear wheel passes the car".[95] Capello was unharmed, and like Rockenfeller, attempted to restart the car before eventually retiring at 6:20 a.m. local time.[98] Biela in the No. 1 R10 pitted shortly after, handing over the car and lead to Pirro, who extended his lead to four laps ahead of the second placed No. 7 908 HDi of Marc Gené.[98] Pirro had a lengthy pit stop following his first stint, due to precautions ensuring that the same wheel nut failure that crippled Capello did not happen to Pirro.[98]

Many teams forecasted that the final hours were to be raced under wet conditions, and shortly before 1:00 p.m. local time rain began to fall on track.[98] Biela, who still led the race at the time, ran wide at the first chicane on the Mulsanne Straight, before pitting for wet weather tyres, replacing the rear bodywork and handing over the wheel to Werner.[99][98] Second-placed Bourdais, who was six laps down on Biela in his No. 8 908 HDi, also came in for wet tyres.[99] Nicolas Minassian relinquished second position shortly before the rain fell, coming into the garage with engine problems.[98][99] The rain became progressively heavier, with Werner repeating the same mistake Biela made at the first chicane on the Mulsanne Straight, running straight on but not suffering any damage.[100] Minassian's No. 7 908 HDi rejoined in fourth place, but after a single lap around the circuit he came back into the garage to finally retire with electrical problems[101] just over an hour from the finish.[98][100] The safety car came out shortly after, and Bourdais in the No. 8 908 HDi came into the garage.[98] The safety car came in towards the end of the hour, allowing for a couple of laps under green flag conditions.[102] The heavy rain continued, and Biela slowed down accordingly, lapping the circuit a minute and a half slower than what he had under dry conditions.[98] Bourdais re-emerged from his garage shortly before the safety car came in,[98] and stopped at the final chicane of the circuit on the beginning of the final lap in order to cross the finish line with the leading cars.[102] Biela went on to take the chequered flag, and give Audi their fourth consecutive win at Le Mans, covering 5,029 km (3,125 mi) at an average speed of 209.15 km/h (129.96 mph), despite more than two hours and a half under the safety car.[103][97][85] The R10 also set the highest top speed recorded of 351 km/h (218 mph) since the Jaguar XJR9 reached 389 km/h (242 mph) at the 1989 24 Hours of Le Mans.[85] Pirro remarked that the team "had nine stressful hours with the Peugeot right behind us", but "the more you suffer, the greater the pleasure."[104] Wolfgang Ullrich, head of Audi Motorsport, agreed, saying "This victory is the most difficult we have had at Le Mans", and that the team was "put under pressure by Peugeot right to the end of the race."[105] Pirro also extended his consecutive podium finishes to nine, a record yet to be equalled.[46]

The handprints of the 2007 Le Mans-winning trio

American Le Mans Series

[edit]

Audi committed to a second season of the American Le Mans Series, with Baretsky reiterating the link between Audi's motorsport developments and Audi's production cars, saying "I believe we will be able to share the things that we developed specifically for motorsport with production in the future."[7] Again, Champion Racing handled the team's American Le Mans Series campaign, with support from Joest Racing at Sebring and Le Mans.[106][107]

The replacement of Frank Biela by Marco Werner, who largely played a development role in 2006, was the only change in the driver lineup for Audi.[106] Changes to the racing calendar included the addition of three new races, one in St. Petersburg, Florida, one in Long Beach, California, and one in Detroit, Michigan.[108] The Portland Grand Prix was dropped from the calendar, resulting in a total of twelve races for the season.[108] Changes to the technical regulations included a 10% reduction in size of the R10's fuel tank from 90 L (23.8 US gal) to 81 L (21.4 US gal), and the LMP2 cars received a weight reduction of 150 kg (331 lb).[109]

The R10 proved to be still the car to beat at Sebring, continually topping the timing charts during practice. However, a mistake by Capello in the No. 1 during Thursday night practice meant that his car suffered heavy damage, returning to the pits missing almost its entire left side. Capello himself was unharmed, although the damage sustained required a full rebuild in order for it to be ready for the race.[110][111]

Both R10s started on the front row for the 2007 12 Hours of Sebring, with Werner in the No. 2 setting a 1:44.974, breaking the track lap record by almost a second and edging out Capello in the No. 1.[112][113] A red flag briefly interrupted qualifying, and Capello, who had just started his second flying lap, felt that it had negatively affected his qualifying in performance as he could not get his tyres up to temperature after the restart.[113] Capello overtook Biela a couple of laps into the race, as Biela had to slow down for a slower GT2 car, and Biela also suffered from a left rear puncture shortly after the hour and a half mark, losing several positions and falling to seventh.[114] Kristensen led until the fifth hour, when he pitted to change his car's battery. As a result of the pit stop that lasted almost fifteen minutes, Kristensen dropped down to seventh, and had to come in again just a half-hour later for another battery, starter motor, and dashboard.[114] Kristensen pitted yet again another half-hour later for another starter motor. Kristensen, Capello, and McNish eventually finished fourth overall, second in LMP1, behind the two new LMP2 Acura ARX-01as, and the No. 2 R10 of Biela, Werner, and Pirro took the overall victory having taken and held the lead from the penultimate hour.[115][114] Although the R10 set the fastest lap of the race, the No. 7 Porsche RS Spyder of Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, and Hélio Castroneves and the No. 26 Acura of Bryan Herta, Dario Franchitti, and Tony Kanaan frequently exchanged the lead with the R10 throughout the race,[116] highlighting the competitiveness of the LMP2 cars following their 150 kg (331 lb) reduction in weight.[115] Despite the strong competition, Audi's win at Sebring was the German marque's eighth in a row.[117]

At the first street circuit of the season, the inaugural Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, the R10s faced stiff competition from the lighter, nimbler LMP2 cars, which had the edge over the R10 in the corners but fell behind on the straights.[118] Come qualifying, both Team Penske Porsche RS Spyders were quicker than the Audis, with Romain Dumas in his No. 7 taking pole, lowering the track record with a 1:03.039, the other Penske RS Spyder lining up second, with Ryan Briscoe close behind, posting a 1:03.189.[119] McNish was the fastest of the Audi drivers, piloting the No. 1 R10 to third on the grid with a 1:03.415, a LMP1 record. Werner was the faster of himself and Pirro in the No. 2 R10, however, could not break the 1:04 mark, posting a 1:04.139 and settling for seventh on the grid.[119] Come race day, McNish in his No. 1 R10 attempted a risky move into turn one, hoping to catch the Porsches in front of him off-guard. He made contact with Dumas, the latter suffering from a puncture.[120] Dumas ended up two laps down, and McNish was duly reprimanded with a stop-and-go penalty which dropped him down to eighth.[120] Marino Franchitti led the way briefly in his Acura ARX-01a before Briscoe made contact with the Acura whilst attempting to pass Franchitti, causing Franchitti to hit the tyre wall.[120] Franchitti and his teammate Herta could not recover from that accident; a lowly 21st was their end result.[121] Briscoe himself was also handed with a stop-and-go penalty for the incident, although finished third overall despite yet another penalty when he forgot his goggles during a pit stop.[121] McNish retook the lead on the nineteenth lap, and by the beginning of the 36th lap it was an entirely Audi affair. McNish took the chequered flag with Werner in the No. 2 close behind, just under half a second separated the two. A yellow flag towards the closing hour of the race was brought out for Tomas Enge, who whilst leading the LMGT2 category in his Ferrari F430 GTC shunted heavily at turn 3.[122] This did not hinder the Audis, with both cars finishing more than twenty seconds ahead of the Porsches.[123] McNish's fastest lap of 1:04.725 set a new LMP1 lap record, although was not quick enough for overall honours, with Briscoe slightly faster in a 1:04.340.[121]

The next destination of the season, the 2007 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach was also a street circuit, nicknamed the "Monaco of the United States" due to its proximity to the coastline.[124][125] Capello was the fastest of the Audi drivers, posting a 1:12.713 to qualify fourth. Pirro in the No. 2 was two places back, clocking a 1:12.911. Franchitti, who had previously raced at Long Beach during the 2002 CART season qualified on pole with a 1:11.838, the only man under 1:12.[126] Both Audis found themselves out of contention for the own reasons; Capello encountered brake trouble in the opening laps that hindered his pace on the tight circuit.[127] However, McNish in the No. 1 would briefly take the lead after Franchitti, who had been leading so far, lost a gamble on strategy and pitted during a full-course yellow. McNish held Franchitti up in an attempt to allow Pirro in the sister No. 2 past; Pirro promptly took the lead just over three-quarters of an hour into the race. Dumas, who had been running behind Pirro, quickly inherited the lead after Pirro collided with a Flying Lizard Motorsports 911 GT3 RSR.[128] The accident forced Pirro to pit with a puncture, ruling him out of overall contention.[129] McNish finished seventh after his earlier gremlins and a late pit stop cost him time.[127] The sister R10 finished ninth, a lap behind.[130] All the podium spots were occupied by Porsche RS Spyders, marking the first time a single marque had populated every single podium spot, as well as the first LMP2 podium lockout.[131][132] With Dumas' victory, Audi's winning streak in the American Le Mans Series was finally ended, following nine consecutive overall race wins in the ALMS.[133]

2008

[edit]

For the 2008 season, Audi entered the Le Mans Series for the first time. Joest Racing entered two cars to compete against Peugeot's two-car entry over the five race season. Peugeot led the championships early, winning the first three races prior to the 24 Hours of Le Mans. A new sub-wing was introduced at Spa. This maintains the same level of downforce but less drag.

At Le Mans, Audi won for their third consecutive time with the R10. The No. 2 car driven by Rinaldo Capello, Allan McNish and Tom Kristensen took the chequered flag on lap 381 ahead of the No. 7 Peugeot, with a margin of just over 4 minutes. The other two Audi entries finished fourth and sixth overall. Peugeot brought their seasoned 908 HDi FAP and qualified within the 3:18 range while Audi struggled to get under the 3:23 mark. In the race itself the Peugeot was still up to 3.5 seconds a lap faster but quick pit work by Audi and the superior performance by the R10 in the rain saw Audi winning Le Mans.

Returning to the Le Mans Series for the final two races of the year, Peugeot won once again at the Nürburgring and maintaining their lead in the championships. However, accidents for Peugeot and a win by the No. 1 Audi of Rinaldo Capello and Allan McNish at the Silverstone finale allowed the Audi team to win the Constructors Championship, while the No. 2 Audi of Mike Rockenfeller and Alexandre Prémat earned the Drivers and Teams Championships.

Audi also continued their participation in the American Le Mans Series. As in the year before, Audi fought against the Penske Racing Porsches for overall race wins, but unlike before they now had to contend with the multiple Acura teams. Porsche managed to end Audi's streak of seven straight victories at the 12 Hours of Sebring, but Audi rebounded with overall wins in the next two events. Three more overall victories were earned by Audi by time the series reached the Detroit Sports Car Challenge. Audi not only failed to win the race overall, but following a rule infraction, neither car finished in the LMP1 category. This was the first time that the Audi R10 failed to win in LMP1, and the first LMP1 loss by Audi since 2005. At Petit Le Mans, Allan McNish overtook Christian Klien in the Peugeot on the penultimate lap and held on to the win.

2009

[edit]

In the 2009 season, the R10 TDI was replaced by the R15 TDI with a smaller, lighter, more-efficient TDI engine; however, Audi concentrated on the 24 Hours of Le Mans and Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM; German Touring Car Masters) efforts. The new car, however, ran in the 2009 12 Hours of Sebring before preparing for Le Mans. The Audi R10's wing was limited by the 2009 regulations. In early 2009, Colin Kolles announced that his team will run privately entered Audi R10 TDI's in that year's 24 Hours of Le Mans, and possibly the Le Mans Series. The deal included factory assistance for servicing the cars.[10] At Le Mans, the Audi R10 best finished 7th overall, a few laps down on the highest petrol finisher Lola-Aston Martin which ranked 4th overall.

2010

[edit]

Kolles fielded 2 Audi R10 in their final year at the Le Mans 24 Hours, on 14 June 2010. Unlike the factory Audi and Peugeot LMP1, the Kolles R10 was not hampered by the new restrictor regulations which should have shaved off 60 bhp from the diesel-powered prototypes. The cars qualified 3:30, just behind the two Lola Astons. Both cars failed to finish because too much strain from torque was put onto the gearbox.

Legacy

[edit]

The 380 laps completed by the R10 was a new record in the number of laps completed, however, it did not surpass the distance record set by Helmut Marko and Gijs van Lennep in the 1971 24 Hours of Le Mans; that was broken by the R10's successor, the R15.[134] Along with the R8, the R10 remains one of Audi's most successful Le Mans prototypes, entering 48 races and winning 36.[135]

The R10 also won the 2006 Autosport Pioneering and Innovation Award, with Jean Alesi and Eddie Jordan presenting the award to Wolfgang Ullrich.[136]

Ultimately, changes that the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (the organisation responsible for the 24 Hours of Le Mans) made to the regulations meant that Audi's successful open-cockpit lineage came to a close prior to the start of the 2011 season. Ullrich, despite his professed love for open-cockpit prototypes, explained how "the driver change [easier in an open car] is no longer the dominant factor in the time of the pit stop", and "It is getting more and more important to have maximum aerodynamic efficiency".[13] The capacity of turbodiesel engines was reduced from 5.5 L (335.6 cu in) to 3.7 L (225.8 cu in), as such, they produced less power, and aerodynamic efficiency played a bigger part in determining how quick a car was. Turbodiesel prototypes also received a further reduction in fuel tank capacity, from 81 L (21.4 US gal) to 63 L (16.6 US gal).[137]

Motor Sport magazine featured the 2008 Le Mans-winning trio of Capello, McNish, and Kristensen in a 2014 special, Great Racing Cars.[138] McNish recalled that "you really had to throw the R10 around", and "You had to attack, every single lap of the race, and the bizarre phenomenon was that you could race the car at the same speed as you did in qualifying."[31] Capello also reminisced about the visual design of the R10, saying that the R10's front fascia was "the most beautiful front end we had in the last 10 years at Audi Sport."[31]

Racing results

[edit]

Complete American Le Mans Series results

[edit]

(key) Races in bold indicates pole position. Races in italics indicates fastest lap.

Complete American Le Mans Series results
Year Entrant Class Drivers No. Rds. Rounds Pts. Pos.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2006 United States Audi Sport North America LMP1 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen 		2 1, 5–10
1, 5–10
1 		SEB
1 		UTA
4 		PIR
1 		ELK
2 		MOS
1 		ATL
1 		LGA
1 		215* 1st
Germany Frank Biela
Italy Emanuele Pirro
Germany Marco Werner 		1 1, 5–10
1, 5–10
1, 9 		SEB
Ret 		UTA
1 		PIR
2 		ELK
1 		MOS
4 		ATL
5 		LGA
2
2007 United States Audi Sport North America LMP1 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen 		1 All
All
1 		SEB
2 		STP
1 		LBH
1 		HOU
1 		UTA
1 		LIM
1 		MDO
2 		ELK
1 		MOS
1 		DET
2 		ATL
1 		LGA
1 		258 1st
Germany Marco Werner
Italy Emanuele Pirro
Germany Frank Biela
Germany Lucas Luhr
Germany Mike Rockenfeller 		2 All
1–10
1
11
12 		SEB
1 		STP
2 		LBH
2 		HOU
2 		UTA
2 		LIM
4 		MDO
1 		ELK
2 		MOS
2 		DET
1 		ATL
4 		LGA
2
2008 United States Audi Sport North America LMP1 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen
Italy Emanuele Pirro
Germany Frank Biela
Switzerland Marcel Fässler
Netherlands Christijan Albers 		1 1, 5–6, 8, 10
1, 10
1
2–11
2–4
7, 9
11 		SEB
1 		STP
Ret 		LBH
2 		UTA
3** 		LIM
3 		MDO
2 		ELK
2 		MOS
2 		DET
DSQ 		ATL
1 		LGA
2 		230 1st
Germany Marco Werner
Germany Lucas Luhr
Germany Mike Rockenfeller 		2 All
All
1 		SEB
2 		STP
1 		LBH
1 		UTA
1 		LIM
1 		MDO
1 		ELK
1 		MOS
1 		DET
Ret 		ATL
3 		LGA
1

*60 points were scored with the R8 LMP.
**Despite retiring 17 laps behind the leader, they had completed over 70% of the winner's distance and were thus classified.

Complete European Le Mans Series results

[edit]
The No. 14 Kolles' R10 TDI competing at the 2009 1000 km of Catalunya

(key) Races in bold indicates pole position. Races in italics indicates fastest lap.

Complete European Le Mans Series results
Year Entrant Class Drivers No. Rds. Rounds Pts. Pos.
1 2 3 4 5
2008 Germany Audi Team Joest LMP1 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish 		1 All
All 		CAT
5 		MON
6 		SPA
4 		NUR
4 		SIL
1 		27 3rd
France Alexandre Prémat
Germany Mike Rockenfeller 		2 All
All 		CAT
2 		MON
2 		SPA
2 		NUR
3 		SIL
4 		35 1st
2009 Germany Kolles LMP1 Netherlands Charles Zwolsman Jr.
United Kingdom Andy Meyrick
India Narain Karthikeyan
Germany Michael Krumm 		14 All
All
1
2–5 		CAT
8 		SPA
6 		ALG
NC 		NUR
4 		SIL
6 		12 7th
Denmark Christian Bakkerud
Netherlands Christijan Albers
Switzerland Giorgio Mondini 		15 All
All
2–4 		CAT
Ret 		SPA
7 		ALG
Ret 		NUR
Ret 		SIL
5 		6 10th

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

[edit]
The No. 15 Kolles at the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans.

(key) Races in bold indicates pole position. Races in italics indicates fastest lap.

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
Year Team Class No. Drivers Position
2006 Germany Audi Sport Team Joest LMP1 8 Germany Frank Biela
Germany Marco Werner
Italy Emanuele Pirro 		1st
7 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen 		3rd
2007 Germany Audi Sport Team Joest LMP1 3 Germany Lucas Luhr
Germany Mike Rockenfeller
France Alexandre Prémat 		Ret
Germany Audi Sport North America 2 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen 		Ret
1 Germany Frank Biela
Germany Marco Werner
Italy Emanuele Pirro 		1st
2008 Germany Audi Sport Team Joest LMP1 3 Germany Lucas Luhr
Germany Mike Rockenfeller
France Alexandre Prémat 		4th
Germany Audi Sport North America 2 Italy Rinaldo Capello
United Kingdom Allan McNish
Denmark Tom Kristensen 		1st
1 Germany Frank Biela
Germany Marco Werner
Italy Emanuele Pirro 		6th
2009 Germany Kolles LMP1 14 Netherlands Charles Zwolsman Jr.
India Narain Karthikeyan
Germany André Lotterer 		7th
15 Denmark Christian Bakkerud
Netherlands Christijan Albers
Switzerland Giorgio Mondini 		9th
2010 Germany Kolles LMP1 14 United States Scott Tucker
Portugal Manuel Rodrigues
France Christophe Bouchut 		Ret
15 Denmark Christian Bakkerud
Netherlands Christijan Albers
United Kingdom Oliver Jarvis 		Ret

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Redmayne, Tim (18 June 2006). "Audi fear recurring problems". Autosport. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  2. ^ Lis, Alan (February 2006). "Wolfgang Appel - On The Audi R10". Race Tech. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  3. ^ Mills, James (2 June 2009). "Audi R10". evo. ISSN 1464-2786. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  4. ^ Hilger, Oliver (21 December 2006). "Im schnellsten Diesel der Welt". Auto Bild (in German). Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Audi R10 TDI vs Harrier GR7 Jump Jet". motorsport.com. 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d Martin, Tony (March 2007). "Open & Closed Case". Motor Age. Vol. 126, no. 3. pp. 40–48. ISSN 1520-9385. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  7. ^ a b c d Cotton, Andrew (June 2007). "The Good Oilers". Motor. ISSN 2653-374X. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  8. ^ a b c d Barlow, Jason (11 April 2016). "Top Gear's coolest racing cars: Audi R10 TDI". Top Gear. ISSN 1350-9624. Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Audi herald in new era for motorsport ; BRUCE BOOTH goes trackside at Le Mans to share the joy and despair of the Scottish challengers in what is without doubt the greatest motor race in the world: [Streets Edition]". Daily Record. Glasgow. 23 June 2006. p. 22. ProQuest 328032978. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  10. ^ a b Strang, Simon (19 January 2009). "Kolles to run privateer Audis in LMS". autosport. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  11. ^ "Team Kolles 2010 Le Mans line-up". motorsport.com. 18 March 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Audi R8R: 15 years on !". Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  13. ^ a b Watkins, Gary (10 January 2011). "Audi Reveals New R18 Prototype". Autoweek. Vol. 61, no. 1. p. 57. ProQuest 846782170. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  14. ^ "Scratching the 73-Year Itch". Popular Science. Vol. 263, no. 3. September 2003. ISSN 0161-7370. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. ^ Goodwin, Graham (27 April 2020). "DSC Retro: Audi R8 By The Numbers". dailysportscar.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  16. ^ Jones, Bruce (14 June 2005). "A Guide to the Le Mans 24 Hours". autosport. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i Siuru, Bill (June 2006). "Improving the breed: Audi's diesel Le Mans race car". Diesel Progress North American Edition. 72 (6): 76–79. ISSN 1091-370X. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – via Gale.
  18. ^ Staff (12 June 2005). "Is It Over For Audi? In Its Last Year of Eligibility, the R8 Takes Aim at Its Fifth Le Mans Title". autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  19. ^ "Turkish delight as ecosse race home: [FIRST edition]". Daily Record. 18 November 2005. p. 13. ProQuest 328042377. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023 – via ProQuest.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Watkins, Gary (June 2016). "Audi R10 TDI: 10 out of 10". Motor Sport. pp. 118–126. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  21. ^ Bornhop, Andrew (13 June 2012). "Ode to an R8". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Kimberley, Williams (August 2006). "Details on the development of the Audi R10 TDI". Automotive Design & Production. 118 (8): 12–17. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  23. ^ a b c "The Diesels at Le Mans". Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 8 October 2013. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d e Sawyer, Christopher A (May 2006). "Dr Diesel Would Be Proud". Automotive Design & Production. 118 (5): 38–39. ISSN 1536-8823. ProQuest 217458783. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  25. ^ "Audi s'impose aux 24 Heures du Mans et réussit son pari du moteur diesel". Le Monde (in French). Paris. 20 June 2006. p. 18. ProQuest 2515600899. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  26. ^ Jergler, Don (14 April 2007). "Le Mans brings high-tech flair". Press-Telegram. ProQuest 382061877 – via ProQuest.
  27. ^ Booth, David (23 December 2005). "Audi has true spirit of racing: Automaker uses Le Mans as test bed for real-world tech: [Toronto Edition]". National Post. Ontario. ProQuest 330463824. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  28. ^ Staff (22 December 2005). "Audi R10". Motor Trend. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Bosch Clean Diesel Helps Audi Dominate American Le Mans Series". PR Newswire (Press release). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Robert Bosch GmbH. PR Newswire. 21 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via Gale.
  30. ^ Braun, Travis (17 June 2007). "Quiet Like A Jackhammer: Yes, even Audi's R10 would annoy your neighbors". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  31. ^ a b c Staff (30 November 2015). "Great racing cars: 2006-08 Audi R10 TDI". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  32. ^ a b c "Flashback: Le Mans 2006 and the first diesel success". motorsport.com. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Audi Beats Peugeot to Retain Le Mans Diesel Title". Automotive Engineer. 33 (7): 11. July 2008. ISSN 0307-6490. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  34. ^ Hardas, Abhishek (17 June 2007). "What is the fuel consumption of an F1 car per lap in a Grand Prix race?". The Times of India. Pune. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  35. ^ Smith, Steven Cole (9 February 2006). "The race to diesel ; Audi hopes its new R10 will be a contender at Sebring, Le Mans -- and with U.S. drivers.: [FINAL Edition]". Orlando Sentinel. Orlando, Florida. ProQuest 280384826. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  36. ^ a b c Staff (15 May 2006). "Audi R8 Comeback In The USA". Motor Trend. Ingolstadt. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  37. ^ a b Watkins, Gary (22 December 2016). "Audi's greatest sportscar moments". Autosport. pp. 100–106. ISSN 0269-946X. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  38. ^ "Audi dominate Le Mans qualifying". CNN. 16 June 2006. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  39. ^ Staff (20 June 2006). "Audi diesel powers into records". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  40. ^ Hamilton, Maurice (18 June 2006). "Motor racing: Audi hope rivals will eat diesel fumes". The Observer. London. p. 26. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via Gale.
  41. ^ Carpinter, Bernard (July 2006). "Audi Does Diesel Proud at Le Mans". Motor Equipment News. Auckland. p. 27. ISSN 1175-1908. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  42. ^ a b Vijayenthiran, Viknesh (22 June 2006). "Audi triumphs with TDI power at Le Mans". Motor Authority. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  43. ^ Ehlen, Stefan (18 June 2017). "Le-Mans-Legenden: Audi R10 TDI". motorsport.com (in German). Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  44. ^ Laban, Brian (24 June 2006). "Burning the midnight oil Brian Laban reports on last weekend's LeMans 24 Hours endurance race, where Audi celebrated victory in a diesel car". The Daily Telegraph. London. ProQuest 321359617. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  45. ^ Staff (22 June 2006). "2006 Le Mans 24 Hours". Classic Driver. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Le Mans Race History" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  47. ^ "Audi vs jet at Goodwood Festival of Speed". motorsport.com. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  48. ^ a b "Audi R10 TDI Versus Harrier Jump Jet". Motor Equipment News. Auckland. 1 August 2006. p. 22. ISSN 1175-1908. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022 – via EBSCO Information Services.
  49. ^ a b "Utah: Round five preview". motorsport.com. 11 July 2006. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  50. ^ a b "Two Audi R10 TDIs to finish 2006 season". motorsport.com. 8 July 2006. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  51. ^ "R10 Paces Sebring Test". Eurosport. 27 January 2006. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  52. ^ Staff (19 March 2006). "What a Gas: Er, diesel that is: Audi's new challenger takes Sebring". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  53. ^ a b Tays, Alan (20 March 2006). "Winning Audi Team Has No Complaints: [Final Edition]". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. ProQuest 327177374. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  54. ^ Wilson, Steve (19 March 2006). "Diesel Dominates Sebring". The Tampa Tribune. Tampa, Florida. p. 10. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2022 – via Gale.
  55. ^ a b "2006 Race Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 15 July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  56. ^ Coon, John (16 July 2006). "Pirro, Biela hold on for ALMS victory". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. ProQuest 282041999. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  57. ^ "Qualifying Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 21 July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  58. ^ "Official Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 22 July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  59. ^ "Sport IN BRIEF: Motor Racing - McNish controls Le Mans series: [Final Edition]". The Independent. 24 July 2006. ProQuest 310983253. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  60. ^ a b Kent, Mitchell (15 August 2006). "MOTOR SPORTS: Audi furious at changes to help its competitors: [Main Edition]". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Atlanta. ProQuest 337287337. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  61. ^ Robinson, Jim; Beintema, Rob (31 August 2006). "Audi can wrap up championship at Mosport: [Liberal Edition]". Toronto Star. Newmarket, Ontario. ProQuest 362295579. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  62. ^ "Generac 500 presented by Chicago Tribune | Qualifying Results". IMSA SportsCar Championship. 19 August 2006. Archived from the original on 1 August 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  63. ^ a b Stewart, Mark (21 August 2006). "AMERICAN LE MANS SERIES; Getting back on track; Biela, Pirro recover from early trouble: [Final Edition]". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee. ProQuest 263634514. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  64. ^ "Official Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 20 August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  65. ^ McDonald, Norris (3 September 2006). "Rain washes out LeMans qualifying at Mosport track; Starting grid based on practice times: [ONT Edition]". Toronto Star. Toronto. ProQuest 439048059. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  66. ^ a b "Final Race Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 3 September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  67. ^ Booth, Bruce (8 September 2006). "McNish wraps up title: [Streets Edition]". Daily Record. Glasgow. ProQuest 328069711. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  68. ^ "Final Race Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 3 September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  69. ^ a b "McNish and Capello clinch Le Mans LMP1 championship: [Final Edition]". Alaska Highway News. Fort St. John, British Columbia. 5 September 2006. ProQuest 356457035. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  70. ^ a b c d e f "Official Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 30 September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  71. ^ Kent, Mitchell (1 October 2006). "McNish and Capello win Petit Le Mans: [Main Edition]". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ProQuest 337388079. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  72. ^ "So How Was Your Season, Guy Smith?". dailysportscar.com. 2006. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  73. ^ a b Booth, Bruce (6 October 2006). "'Petit' win has McNish in seventh heaven ; motorsport: [Streets Edition]". Daily Record. Glasgow. p. 12. ProQuest 328089052. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  74. ^ "Audi R10 TDI Also Wins 'Petit Le Mans'" (Press release). New York City: PR Newswire. 1 October 2006. ProQuest 453927805. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2022 – via ProQuest.
  75. ^ a b "Qualifying Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 20 October 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  76. ^ a b c d Moser, Stefan (22 October 2006). "Audi R10 TDI ends début season undefeated" (Press release). Laguna Seca: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  77. ^ "Official Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 21 October 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  78. ^ Magda, Mike (8 March 2007). "New Audi R10 diesel racer unveiled; makes debut next week at Sebring". Autoblog. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  79. ^ Moser, Stefan (7 March 2007). "First race for new Audi R10 TDI" (Press release). Ingolstadt: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  80. ^ "Bourdais, Andretti Test F1". Autoweek. Vol. 57, no. 1. Detroit. pp. 35–37. ProQuest 218905564. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023 – via ProQuest.
  81. ^ a b Becker, Eva-Maria (30 April 2015). "Flashback: Le Mans 2007 and the victory of the only remaining Audi" (Press release). Ingolstadt: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  82. ^ "ACO release final 2007 entry list". autosport. 27 February 2007. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  83. ^ a b c O'Leary, Jamie (11 June 2007). "Kristensen to race". Eurosport. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  84. ^ a b "Gelungener Testtag für Audi in Le Mans". automobilsport.com (in German). 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  85. ^ a b c "History Results Statistics" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  86. ^ a b Watkins, Gary (13 June 2007). "Peugeot Takes Provisional Le Mans Pole: Diesel-powered prototypes lead 24 Hours field". autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  87. ^ Watkins, Gary (14 June 2007). "75th Le Mans 24 Hours Report: Peugeot on pole". autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  88. ^ Peden, Jean-Philippe (15 June 2007). "24H du Mans: Peugeot conserve la pôle!". Auto Plus [fr] (in French). Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  89. ^ a b "24 Heures Seance 2 – 24 Heures" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 15 June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  90. ^ "Le Mans: Audi setback". news24. 17 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  91. ^ a b Pruett, Marshall (22 June 2012). "10 Most Infamous Crashes in Le Mans History". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  92. ^ a b Peacock, Anthony (18 June 2007). "Audi keep their nerve to retain Le Mans title". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  93. ^ "Chronos 24H 2007" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 17 June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  94. ^ Pickup, Ollie (16 June 2007). "Le Mans 24-hour race: as it happens 10pm - 7am". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  95. ^ a b Fletcher, Graeme (29 June 2007). "When night falls, the true significance of 24-hour LeMans really sets in: [Final Edition]". Prince George Citizen. Prince George, British Columbia. p. 32. ProQuest 361859808. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  96. ^ "Monday Morning Motorsports". The New York Times. Online. 18 June 2007. ProQuest 2223203149. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  97. ^ a b Staff (17 June 2007). "Audi seal fourth Le Mans win on the spin". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  98. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Murray, Scott (17 June 2007). "Le Mans 24-hour race: as it happened 7am - 2pm". Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  99. ^ a b c Freeman, Glenn (17 June 2007). "H22: Rain falls, Peugeot hit trouble". autosport. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  100. ^ a b Freeman, Glenn (18 June 2007). "H23: Audi edge closer to victory". autosport. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  101. ^ Lamm, John (18 June 2007). "2007 24 Hours of Le Mans". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  102. ^ a b Glendenning, Mark (18 June 2007). "H24: Audi victorious, Aston win GT1". autosport. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  103. ^ "Audi win to retain Le Mans crown". British Broadcasting Corporation. 17 June 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  104. ^ "Motor Racing: Audi wins Le Mans 24-hour race for 4th year in a row". The International Herald Tribune. Le Mans. 17 June 2007. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  105. ^ Staff (August 2007). "Audi's seventh Le Mans prize". Motor Sport. p. 11. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  106. ^ a b Moser, Stefan (11 January 2007). "Audi banks on TDI Power again in the USA" (Press release). Ingolstadt: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  107. ^ Ramchani, Tarek (25 October 2013). "Goodbye American Le Mans Series 1999-2013". motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  108. ^ a b "American Le Mans Series Announces 2007 Season". Aston Martin Racing. 29 September 2006. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  109. ^ Moser, Stefan (27 March 2007). "New challenge for the Audi R10 TDI" (Press release). Ingolstadt: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  110. ^ "Sebring: Thursday night practice report". Motorsport.com. 17 March 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  111. ^ Nunez, Alex (18 March 2007). "12 Hours of Sebring ends with Audi win, nail-biting GT2 finish". Autoblog. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  112. ^ "ALMS Final Grid" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  113. ^ a b Moser, Stefan (16 March 2007). "Audi R10 TDI with record lap at Sebring" (Press release). Ingolstadt/Sebring, Florida: Audi AG. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  114. ^ a b c Tays, Alan (18 March 2007). "Audi's Streak Continues: [FINAL EDITION]". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. p. 14B. ProQuest 327282265. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  115. ^ a b "Audi on top at Sebring again: [2 Edition]". Waikato Times. Hamilton, New Zealand. 22 March 2007. p. 25. ProQuest 313318664. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  116. ^ "Final Race Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 17 March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  117. ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (18 March 2007). "Twelve Hours of Sebring: Audi R10 Diesels win again!". Autoblog. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  118. ^ Wilmer, Bryan (30 March 2007). "Le Mans, American Style: [STATE Edition]". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. ProQuest 264262976. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2022 – via ProQuest.
  119. ^ a b "ALMS Provisional Grid" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  120. ^ a b c Smith, Steven (1 April 2007). "Stop These Men: Audi wins—again—in St. Petersburg". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  121. ^ a b c "Final Race Results" (PDF). IMSA SportsCar Championship. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  122. ^ Cain, Holly (1 April 2007). "Audi Sweeps Acura Challenge". The Tampa Tribune. p. 11 – via newspapers.com.
  123. ^ "St. Pete: Race report". Motorsport.com. 2 April 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  124. ^ Holt, Sarah (1 April 2016). "Formula E: 'Shoreline shockwaves' to rock Long Beach". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  125. ^ McAleer, Brendan (13 April 2014). "A brief history of the Grand Prix of Long Beach". Road & Track. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  126. ^ "Long Beach: Qualifying times". motorsport.com. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  127. ^ a b "Motor Racing: Allan's bid ruined by bad brake ; F1: BAHRAIN GRAND PRIX...: [East Edition]". Daily Record. 16 April 2007. p. 43. ProQuest 328126898. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023 – via ProQuest.
  128. ^ Filipponio, Frank (15 April 2007). "Spoiler Alert: ALMS results and gallery from America's Monaco". Autoblog. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  129. ^ "Not Invincible". Autoweek. Vol. 57, no. 17. 23 April 2007. pp. 50–52. ProQuest 218920619. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023 – via ProQuest.
  130. ^ "American Le Mans-Grand Prix". The Desert Dispatch. 15 April 2007. p. 33 – via NewspaperArchive.
  131. ^ Henderson, Martin (15 April 2007). "GRAND PRIX NOTES; Porsche reigns in Le Mans race: [HOME EDITION]". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 422129606. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023 – via ProQuest.
  132. ^ "All revved up". Press-Telegram. 14 April 2007. ProQuest 382047413. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023 – via ProQuest.
  133. ^ Center, Bill (15 April 2007). "Porsches end Audi's ALMS win streak: [R,F Edition]". The San Diego Union-Tribune. ProQuest 273005055 – via ProQuest.
  134. ^ Watkins, Gary (14 June 2020). "Audi's forgotten winner that still holds a Le Mans record". motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  135. ^ O'Carroll, Damien (14 January 2018). "The five coolest Audi racing cars of all time". Stuff. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  136. ^ Freeman, Glenn (4 December 2006). "Pioneering and Innovation: Audi R10". autosport. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  137. ^ Spurring, Quentin (11 June 2010). "Le Mans: ACO announces future rules, pushes hybrid technology". Autoweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  138. ^ Smith, Damien (16 September 2014). "Great Racing Cars". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Audi R10 TDI.
Awards
Preceded by Autosport
Pioneering and Innovation Award
2006 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_R10_TDI&oldid=1255304083"