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Caldwell County, Kentucky

Coordinates: 37°09′N 87°52′W / 37.15°N 87.87°W / 37.15; -87.87
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Caldwell County
County
Caldwell County courthouse in Princeton
Caldwell County courthouse in Princeton
Map of Kentucky highlighting Caldwell County
Location within the U.S. state of Kentucky
Map of the United States highlighting Kentucky
Kentucky's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 37°09′N 87°52′W / 37.15°N 87.87°W / 37.15; -87.87
Country United States
State Kentucky
Founded1809
Named forJohn Caldwell
SeatPrinceton
Largest cityPrinceton
Area
 • Total
348 sq mi (900 km2)
 • Land345 sq mi (890 km2)
 • Water3.4 sq mi (9 km2)  1.0%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
12,984
 • Density38/sq mi (15/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitewww.caldwellcounty.ky.gov

Caldwell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,984.[1] Its county seat is Princeton.[2] The county was formed in 1809 from Livingston County, Kentucky and named for John Caldwell, who participated in the George Rogers Clark Indian Campaign of 1786 and was the second lieutenant governor of Kentucky. Caldwell was a prohibition or dry county until 2013, when the citizens voted to lift the ban.

History

Historical marker in Princeton

Caldwell County was formed from Livingston County in 1809. Prior to that, Caldwell County had been part of Christian, Logan, and Lincoln Counties — Lincoln County having been one of the three original counties of Kentucky.

In the early nineteenth-century, Caldwell County witnessed the passage of the forced migration of the Cherokee to the West on the Trail of Tears during Indian removal. The Cherokee camped for several weeks in Caldwell County during the winter of 1838, mainly at Big Springs, now in downtown Princeton; at Skin Frame Creek, and in the Centerville area near Fredonia.

In 1860, the construction of Princeton College began, but it was delayed by the Civil War. Confederate troops camped on the grounds of Princeton College in 1861, using one of its buildings as a hospital. Following the Confederate retreat in early 1862, however, Union soldiers occupied Princeton for the remainder of the war. In December 1864, raiding Kentucky Confederate cavalry commanded by General Hylan B. Lyon burned the Caldwell County courthouse in Princeton, since it was being used to house the Union garrison.

The expansion of railroads in the late nineteenth century made Princeton an important junction on several major railway lines, most notably the Illinois Central and the Louisville & Nashville.

By the turn of the century, an agricultural boom in dark leaf tobacco had made Caldwell County, along with Christian County, a major tobacco growing area. However, the monopolization of the tobacco market by James B. Duke left many farmers in debt and discontented. Under the leadership of Dr. David Amoss of Cobb in Caldwell County, a vigilante force called the Night Riders was formed to combat the Duke monopoly. The Night Riders terrorized those who cooperated with the tobacco company by destroying crops, burning warehouses, and even physical intimidation. The Night Riders took over Princeton one night in December 1906, burning all of the Duke tobacco warehouses. The "Black Patch Wars" came to an end around 1908.

In the mid-twentieth century, Caldwell County began to shift from agriculture to industrialization. Caldwell County is still largely agricultural, however it is also home to factories such as Bremner, who are the largest private cookie and cracker factory in North America.

Since 1925, Caldwell County has housed the University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, a campus of the University of Kentucky's College of Agriculture. The "UKREC" in Princeton is a leader in horticultural and biological sciences.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 348 square miles (900 km2), of which 345 square miles (890 km2) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2) (1.0%) is water.[3]

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18104,268—
18209,022111.4%
18308,324−7.7%
184010,36524.5%
185013,04825.9%
18609,318−28.6%
187010,82616.2%
188011,2824.2%
189013,18616.9%
190014,51010.0%
191014,063−3.1%
192013,975−0.6%
193013,781−1.4%
194014,4995.2%
195013,199−9.0%
196013,073−1.0%
197013,1790.8%
198013,4732.2%
199013,232−1.8%
200013,060−1.3%
201012,984−0.6%
2014 (est.)12,725[4]−2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]
1790-1960[6] 1900-1990[7]
1990-2000[8] 2010-2013[1]

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 13,060 people, 5,431 households, and 3,801 families residing in the county. The population density was 38 per square mile (15/km2). There were 6,126 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (6.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 93.89% White, 4.81% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,431 households out of which 28.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 9.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 27.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the county the population was spread out with 22.40% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 26.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 92.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,686, and the median income for a family was $35,258. Males had a median income of $31,475 versus $20,390 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,264. About 12.20% of families and 15.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.40% of those under age 18 and 15.60% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

  • Bakers
  • Baldwin Ford
  • Black Hawk
  • The Bluff
  • Cedar Bluff
  • Claxton
  • Cobb
  • Cresswell
  • Crider
  • Crowtown
  • Enon
  • Farmersville
  • Flat Rock
  • Friendship
  • Fryer
  • Harper Ford
  • Hopson
  • Lake Shore
  • Lewistown
  • McGowan
  • Midway
  • Needmore
  • Otter Pond
  • Pumpkin Center
  • Quinn
  • Rufus
  • Shady Grove
  • Smith Ford
  • Tom Gray Ford
  • White Sulphur

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  4. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  5. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  6. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  7. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  8. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  9. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

37°09′N 87°52′W / 37.15°N 87.87°W / 37.15; -87.87

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