Cessnock, New South Wales
| Cessnock New South Wales | |||||||||
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.jpg) Vincent Street, the main street of Cessnock | |||||||||
 Aerial photo of countryside around Cessnock | |||||||||
  Cessnock | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 32°50′3″S 151°21′19.8″E / 32.83417°S 151.355500°E | ||||||||
| Population | 21,725 (2016 census)[1] | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 2325 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 80 m (262 ft) | ||||||||
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||||
| • Summer (DST) | AEDT (UTC+11) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | City of Cessnock | ||||||||
| Region | Hunter | ||||||||
| County | Northumberland | ||||||||
| Parish | Cessnock | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | |||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Hunter | ||||||||
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Cessnock is a city in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, about 52 km (32 mi) by road west of Newcastle. It is the administrative centre of the City of Cessnock LGA and was named after an 1826 grant of land called Cessnock Estate, which was owned by John Campbell.[2][3] The local area was once known as "The Coalfields", and it is the gateway city to the vineyards of the Hunter Valley, which includes Pokolbin, Mount View, Lovedale, Broke, Rothbury, and Branxton.
History
The transition to wine service centre from a once prosperous mining town has been a long and at times difficult process.
Cessnock lies between Australia's earliest European settlements – Sydney, the Hawkesbury River and Newcastle. Lying on the land route between these important settlements it provided early European contact with indigenous people who have inhabited the Cessnock area for more than 3,000 years. The Wonnarua people were the major inhabitants at the time of European contact, which subsequently proved to be disastrous for the Wonnarua tribe. Many were killed or died as a result of European diseases. Others were forced onto neighbouring tribal territory and killed. The city of Cessnock abounds in indigenous place names and names with indigenous association which is indicative of this settlement and include Congewai, Kurri Kurri, Laguna, Nulkaba and Wollombi.
Pastoralists commenced settling the land in the 1820s. Cessnock was named by Scottish settler John Campbell, after his grandfather's baronial Cessnock Castle in Galston, East Ayrshire, to reflect the aristocratic heritage and ambitions for this estate.[2][3] The township of Cessnock developed from 1850, as a service centre at the junction of the Great North Road from Sydney to the Hunter Valley, with branches to Maitland and Singleton.
The establishment of the South Maitland coalfields generated extensive land settlement between 1903 and 1923. The current pattern of urban development, transport routes and industrial landscape was laid at this time. The surveying of the Greta coal seam by Professor Edgeworth David around 1888 became the impetus for considerable social and economic change in the area with the development of the coal mining industry. [citation needed]
Population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 21,725 people in the Cessnock urban centre.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 8.2% of the population.
- 86.8% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 1.6%, New Zealand 0.9% and Scotland 0.5%.
- 88.3% of people spoke only English at home.
- The most common responses for religion were Anglican 27.5%, No Religion 24.6% and Catholic 18.9%.[1]
Economy
The decline of mining on the South Maitland Coalfields has been paralleled by growth in the wine industry and better access to other employment centres.
The Hunter Valley wine-growing area near Cessnock is Australia's oldest wine region and one of the most famous, with around 1,800 hectares (4,448 acres) under vine. The vineyards of Pokolbin, Mount View and Allandale, with their rich volcanic soils tended by entrepreneurial vignerons, are also the focus of a thriving and growing tourism industry. The extension and eventual completion of the F3 Freeway, created a property and tourism boom during the 1990s.
Cessnock has begun to develop other tourist ventures beyond the wine industry such as championship golf courses, hot air ballooning,[4] sky-diving, and guest house accommodation.
The city council has actively pursued a policy of urban renewal in the city centre since 2001. The local council was one of the first to introduce a recycling program for waste disposal in the state. [citation needed]
Most employment comes from the local port city of Newcastle, the nearby major centres of Maitland and Singleton and in service industries in the local council area, which comprises many small towns, such as Kurri Kurri, Weston, Neath, Abernethy, Kearsley and Pokolbin.
Geography
The town is located in the rich alluvial and volcanic soils of the Hunter Valley. Rich coal seams underlie much of the area. [citation needed] The Brokenback Range (part of the Great Dividing Range) rises to the west of the city. The Hunter River flows down the Hunter Valley approximately 20 km (12 mi) to the north. Cessnock lies within the Hunter Valley Important Bird Area.[5]
Climate
Cessnock has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters, similar to Penrith, a suburb in Greater Western Sydney to the south. Summers may be dry due to their inland location, but humid days are not uncommon. Winters are usually dry with cold nights, which may be frosty.
| Climate data for Cessnock Airport | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 45.0 (113.0) |
46.8 (116.2) |
39.3 (102.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.6 (101.5) |
44.5 (112.1) |
42.5 (108.5) |
46.8 (116.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.1 (86.2) |
29.2 (84.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.9 (62.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 81.2 (3.20) |
97.8 (3.85) |
72.6 (2.86) |
57.7 (2.27) |
41.0 (1.61) |
58.3 (2.30) |
28.1 (1.11) |
34.6 (1.36) |
45.5 (1.79) |
51.1 (2.01) |
74.4 (2.93) |
80.3 (3.16) |
743.3 (29.26) |
| Average precipitation days | 10.1 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 114.4 |
| Source: [6] | |||||||||||||
Education
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Media
Cessnock is serviced by a number of regional newspapers, radio stations and television stations.
- The Cessnock Advertiser;[7] an adjunct to the Mercury and is published every Wednesday.[8] With a circulation of approximately 17,000[when?]
- The Maitland Mercury
- The Newcastle Herald
Radio
Radio stations include:
AM stations
- 2HD (commercial)
- 1233 ABC Newcastle (ABC Local Radio)
- 2HRN (off band commercial)
- Sky Sports Radio (as part of statewide network)
FM stations
- KOFM 102.9FM (commercial)
- hit106.9 Newcastle 106.9FM (commercial)
- New FM 105.3FM (commercial)
- 2NUR 103.7FM (community)
- 2CHR (Central Hunter Radio) 96.5 FM – [9] (community)
- Rhema FM Newcastle 99.7FM (Christian)
Government broadcasters
- Australian Broadcasting Corporation
- 1233 ABC Newcastle
- ABC Radio National
- ABC News Radio
- Triple J (youth station)
- ABC Classic FM (classical music)
- SBS Radio (foreign language service)
Television
Cessnock is part of the Newcastle-Hunter Region television market, which is served by 5 television networks, three commercial and two national services (which include new sub-channels that started in 2009 for the commercial networks and in recent years from the national services). . These networks are listed as follows:
- NBN Television, GEM and GO! (Nine Network affiliate, incumbent station, (NBN TV) established 1962).
- WIN Television, One and Eleven (Network Ten affiliate, (formerly known as Southern Cross Ten, TEN Northern N.S.W. and NRTV) was established as a result of aggregation on 31 December 1991).
- Prime7 (formerly known as Prime Television), 7Two and 7mate (Seven Network / Prime affiliate was established as a result of aggregation on 31 December 1991 but swallowed).
- ABC Television including ABC1, ABC2/ABC 4 Kids , ABC3 and ABC News 24 is owned by the government. The ABC TV service was established in the 1960s.
- SBS Television including SBS ONE and SBS Two is owned by the government. This service was introduced in the 1980s.
NBN Television produces an evening news bulletin combining local, state, national and international news screening nightly at 6.00PM, while subscription television service Foxtel is also available via satellite.
Sport
The city has many sporting facilities. The city competes in several regional sporting competitions, particularly the Newcastle-based leagues of various sports. Some very successful sporting players can trace their roots to the local district, including Australian Rugby League representative players and brothers Andrew and Matthew Johns. World-renowned golfer and TV commentator Jack Newton is also from Cessnock. His annual Sub-Juniors Golf Tournament has unearthed some talented young golfers and is held on the local championship courses of Pokolbin. Cessnock was the base camp for the Japanese national football team during the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.
Transport
For a century Cessnock was served by the South Maitland Railway network, originally constructed for the coal industry, but which, at one time, had considerable passenger services, including a direct train to Sydney known as the Cessnock Flyer.
The Sydney-Newcastle Freeway's Cessnock exit at Freemans Waterhole provides one of the main road connections from Sydney to Cessnock via "The Gap", a pass through the Watagan Mountains range just north of Mount Heaton.
Until the Hunter Expressway opened in 2014, linking the New England Highway at Branxton and the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway at West Wallsend, through traffic passed through Cessnock.
The local airport is placed just to the north of the city, at the entrance to the Vineyard District. It has a small public passenger terminal and also serves as the base for aviation training organisations such as Avondale College's school of Aviation and Hunter Valley Aviation. The airport is not served by RPT flights. Access by air to the region is by Newcastle Airport at Williamtown, 53 km (33 mi) away.
The local bus service is run by Rover Coaches which provide services to Maitland, Newcastle and Morisset and school bus services.
Notable people
- Douglas N. Daft, businessman; CEO of Coca-Cola (2000–04), and Corporate Director of Wal-Mart
- Joel Edwards, rugby league player
- Andrew Johns, rugby league player
- Matthew Johns, rugby league player
- Gavin King, journalist; newspaper columnist
- Bruce Litchfield, architect
- Kenneth Neate, opera singer
- Jack Newton, professional golfer
- Bill Peden, rugby league player
- Don Schofield, Rugby League Player
- Simon Whitlock, Professional Darts Player
National Estate
Greater Cessnock contains a number of buildings and sites that are on the Register of the National Estate.[10]
- Court House, Branxton
- Police Station and Residence, Branxton
- Former Court House, Greta
- Kurri Kurri Hotel, Lang and Hampden Streets, Kurri Kurri
- Richmond Main Colliery, Mulbring Rd, Pelaw Main
- Laguna House, Laguna
- Post Office, Wollombi
- Endeavour Museum (former Court House), Wollombi
- Public School, Wollombi
- St Michael's Catholic Church, Wollombi
- St John the Evangelist Anglican Church, Wollombi
- Stanford Main No.2 Colliery Pit Head Building, Brick Cottages
- Aboriginal Rock Carvings Site, popularly known as Baiame Cave, Milbrodale Area
See also
Notes
References
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Cessnock (Urban Centres and Localities)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- ^ a b "Cessnock". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Cessnock is the eastern gateway to New South Wales". Hunter Vineyard Tours. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
- ^ "The Sydney Morning Herald - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
- ^ BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Hunter Valley. Downloaded from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) on 11 July 2011. - ^ "Cessnock Post Office". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Home page". Cessnock Advertiser.
- ^ "Fairfax Regional Media". Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "2CHR Central Hunter Community Radio". 2chr.org. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981
External links
Cessnock travel guide from Wikivoyage- Visitor's Guide to Cessnock – Visit NSW
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