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Céline Sciamma

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Céline Sciamma
Sciamma in 2017
Born (1978-11-12) 12 November 1978 (age 46)
NationalityFrench
Alma materLa Fémis
OccupationFilmmaker
Years active2004–present

Céline Sciamma (French: [selin sjama];[1] born 12 November 1978) is a French screenwriter and film director. She wrote and directed Water Lilies (2007), Tomboy (2011), Girlhood (2014), Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019), and Petite Maman (2021). Sciamma has received various awards and nominations for her films, including two BAFTA nominations for Best Film Not in the English Language.

A common theme in Sciamma's films is the fluidity of gender, sexual identity among girls and women, and female gaze.

Early life and education

[edit]

Sciamma was born on 12 November 1978[2] and raised in Cergy-Pontoise, a suburb outside of Paris.[3] Her father, Dominique Sciamma, is a software engineer, and her brother, Laurent Sciamma, is a stand-up performer and graphic designer.[4]

Before attending La Fémis, the première French film school, where she studied from 2001 to 2005, Sciamma earned her master's degree in French Literature at Paris Nanterre University.[5][6] As a child, she was an avid reader and became interested in film as a teenager.[5] Sciamma cites her grandmother as inspiration to her love of film, saying that she had a great interest in old Hollywood movies. Sciamma also attended Utopia, an art house cinema theater in Cergy three times a week as a teenager.[7] She wrote her first original script for Water Lilies as part of her final evaluation at La Fémis. Sciamma has stated that she never planned on directing, and that she has thought only about screenwriting or working as a critic. [7] Xavier Beauvois, who was chairman of the evaluation panel, and could be considered as her mentor, persuaded her to make the film.[8] A year after finishing school, she began shooting the film in her hometown.[9]

Career

[edit]

2004–2014: Early films and acclaim

[edit]

Sciamma started her career writing the short films Les Premières Communions (2004) and Cache ta joie (2006). Sciamma made her feature film debut, Water Lilies, which was released in 2007. The French title, "Naissance des Pieuvres," translates to "Birth of the Octupuses," but was altered for the international release.[10] The film's script was Sciamma's senior project at La Fémis, although when she wrote it, Sciamma did not intend to direct it.[11] The film, shot in Cergy, France, a Parisian suburb, explores the world of synchronized swimming. Based on Sciamma's own encounter with the sport, the film's protagonist explores her burgeoning sexuality and attraction to the team's captain.[12] Water Lilies was selected for screening in the section Un certain regard at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. It also won the Louis Delluc award for a first film.[11] The film secured three nominations for the 2008 César Awards; Sciamma was nominated for the César Award for Best Debut, and actresses Adèle Haenel and Louise Blachère were both nominated for the César Award for Most Promising Actress.[13]

Sciamma directed her first short film, Pauline, in 2009 as part of a government anti-homophobia campaign called ‘Five films against homophobia’.[8]

Her 2011 film Tomboy was written and shot in a matter of months.[14] Sciamma wrote the script in three weeks, completed casting in three weeks, and shot the film in 20 days.[9] It premiered at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in the Panorama section of the festival, and won the Teddy award for films with queer topics.[11] The film was shown in French schools as part of an educational program.[9] Sciamma worked on TV series Les Revenants (2012) for a year and a half. She has said in interviews that she wants to direct serial television series.[11]

Her 2014 film Girlhood was selected to be screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.[15] It also played at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. In interviews, Sciamma said that Girlhood would be her last coming-of-age film and that she considered it, Water Lilies and Tomboy a trilogy.[16] The film, a coming-of-age film about a young woman who leaves school and joins a gang, received criticism for centering Black experiences and featuring a mostly Black cast but being directed and made by a mostly white crew.[11]

2015–present

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Since 2015 and as of 2022 Sciamma continues to serve as the co-president of the SRF (Society of Film Directors).[17] In between directing her own films, Sciamma continues to work as a screenwriter for other directors. She was sought after by André Téchiné, whose work Sciamma admired as a youth, to co-write the screenplay for his 2016 film Being 17.[18] She also adapted the novel Ma Vie de Courgette (My Life as a Courgette) into a screenplay for a stop-motion animated film.[11]

In June 2017, Sciamma was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[19]

Sciamma's fourth feature film, Portrait of a Lady on Fire, began shooting in autumn 2018.[20] It premiered in Competition at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Queer Palm and Best Screenplay.[21][22] David Sims of The Atlantic praised the film writing, "It’s a film about the deeply personal process of creativity—the pain and joy of making one’s emotions and memories into a work of art. The film is a grand leap forward for Sciamma, already one of France’s most exciting emerging directors. For me, it is the most enthralling cinema experience of the year."[23]

Sciamma then shot her fifth feature, Petite Maman, in the fall of 2020 and it premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in March 2021.[24] It also screened at the 2021 San Sebastián International Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award.[25] That year she also co-wrote the 2021 film Paris, 13th District alongside Jacques Audiard and Léa Mysius.[26]

Style and themes

[edit]

Sciamma frequently collaborates with Para One, who has scored all her films and directed scripts by Sciamma in the past.[citation needed] She frequently collaborates with cinematographer Crystel Fournier, who worked on Sciamma's Girlhood trilogy, among others.[27]

She is noted for casting non-professional actors in her films, and also frequently casts Adèle Haenel, who appeared in Water Lilies, Pauline, and Portrait of a Lady on Fire.

Sciamma has said that fashion and style form an important part of characterisation, which is why, though uncredited, she is often the costume designer for her films.[28]

Sciamma has cited David Lynch as a heavy influence, along with seeing Virginia Woolf as "the greatest novelist" and Chantal Akerman as "one of the most important filmmakers".[29]

Sciamma has spoken about the metaphorical purpose of using synchronized swimming in Water Lillies, which she claims "reveals a lot about the job of being a girl," due to the tension between athleticism and feminine aesthetics.[12]

A common theme in Sciamma's films is the fluidity of gender and sexual identity among girls and women.[30] Her films look at lesbianism and queerness, and how this is represented on screen. She focuses on the idea of the body, and how touch is related to it within cinema.[31] Sciamma’s notable in her thematic elements for female gaze, and many scholars have cited her as a pioneer for creating a new way of seeing women in media.[32] She also likes to conceptualise the idea of ‘looking’, using Russian nesting dolls as a metaphor of "looking within looking".[7]

Sciamma also regularly examines themes of family including broken families, bereavement, and adoption (Wilson). By focusing on coming-of-age narratives, she examines autonomy of children and teenagers, especially in terms of gender and sexuality. Her films often capture children without their parents, and documents their metamorphosis and imagination onscreen. She is interested in their subjugation and autonomy.[11]

Sciamma does not believe in the idea of a muse for her pieces, and despite her personal relationship with Haenel, says that the relationships on screen are of collaboration and subversion, not fascination.[7]

Sciamma focuses on identity and representation in film, such as black identity in Girlhood, and motherhood identity in Petite Maman.[33][34]

Activism

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Sciamma is a feminist.[35] She was a founding member of the French branch of the 50/50 by 2020 movement, a group of French film industry professionals advocating for gender parity in film by the year 2020.[36][37]

She has contributed heavily to discourse with cinema regarding the female gaze.[32] Sciamma uses her platform to speak about the restrictions of the male gaze and present movies that elevate the female gaze.[38] She sees her work, particularly Portrait of a Lady on Fire, as a manifesto of the female gaze. Sciamma stated in an interview: "That’s why the male gaze is obsessed with representing lesbians, for instance. It's a way to control it. Our stories are powerful because they are dangerous. We are dangerous. So it's a very good strategy to despise us — to undermine us — because it's giving us less leverage for a very powerful political dynamic".[39]

Sciamma has stated that "cinema is always political," and that creating films by women and about women is a political act.[40]

In 2018, she co-organised and participated in the women's protest against inequality at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival alongside many notable women in film, including Agnès Varda, Ava DuVernay, Cate Blanchett and Léa Seydoux.[41] This protest campaigned for gender equality in the film industry.[11]

At the premiere of her film Portrait of a Lady on Fire at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, both Sciamma and lead actress Haenel wore 50/50 pins in support of the movement.[42]

In 2020 Sciamma and the Portrait of a Lady on Fire team joined Haenel in walking out of the 45th César Awards after Roman Polanski won the award for Best Director.[43] Haenel had previously spoken out about experiencing sexual harassment from director Christopher Ruggia.[11] Sciamma stated in an interview regarding the walk-out that “...there was no plan. It’s all about the moment, a matter of seconds. It’s about moving your legs, as simple as that. And that’s hard. It’s hard to stand up, hard to move your legs. I understand why people don’t. But sometimes you have to.”[7]

Personal life

[edit]

Sciamma is a lesbian.[44] In 2014, Adèle Haenel publicly acknowledged that she was in a relationship with Sciamma in her acceptance speech for her César Award.[45] The two had met on the set of the 2007 film Water Lilies and started dating sometime after. The couple parted ways, amicably, sometime before the 2018 filming of Portrait of a Lady on Fire, which also starred Haenel.[46]

Filmography

[edit]
Year English title Original title Director Writer Actor Notes
2004 Les Premières Communions No Yes No Short film
2006 Cache ta joie No Yes No Short film
2007 Water Lilies Naissance des Pieuvres Yes Yes Yes
2009 Pauline Yes No No Short film
2010 Ivory Tower No Yes No
2011 Tomboy Yes Yes No
2014 Bird People No Yes No Screenplay consultant
Mademoiselle No No Yes Role: Fille boîte; Short film
Girlhood Bande de filles Yes Yes No
Young Tiger Bébé Tigre No Yes No Storyline consultant
2016 Being 17 Quand on a 17 ans No Yes No
My Life as a Courgette Ma vie de Courgette No Yes No
2018 With the Wind No Yes No Collaborating writer
2019 Portrait of a Lady on Fire Portrait de la jeune fille en feu Yes Yes No
2021 Petite Maman Yes Yes No
Paris, 13th District Les Olympiades No Yes No Collaborating writer
2023 This Is How a Child Becomes a Poet Yes No No Short film
2024 The Balconettes Les Femmes au balcon No Yes No

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Award Year Category Nominated work Result Ref.
Film Fest Gent 2022 Joseph Plateau Honorary Award Won [47]
British Academy Film Awards 2022 Best Film Not in the English Language Petite Maman Nominated [48]
Mar del Plata International Film Festival 2021 SIGNIS Award – Special Mention Won [49]
San Sebastián International Film Festival 2021 City of Donostia/San Sebastian Audience Award Won [50]
Stockholm International Film Festival 2021 FIPRESCI Prize Won [51]
Sydney Film Festival 2021 Sydney Film Prize Nominated [52]
Film by the Sea 2021 Le prix Vive le cinéma! – Best French Language Film Won [53]
British Independent Film Awards 2021 Best International Independent Film Nominated [54]
Chicago International Film Festival 2021 Gold Hugo Nominated [55]
Berlin International Film Festival 2021 Golden Bear Nominated [56]
César Awards 2020 Best Film Portrait of a Lady on Fire Nominated [57]
Best Director Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Nominated
British Academy Film Awards 2020 Best Film Not in the English Language Nominated [58]
Golden Globe Awards 2020 Best Foreign Language Film Nominated [59]
Lumières Award 2020 Best Film Nominated [60]
Best Director Nominated
Union de la presse Cinématographique Belge 2020 Grand Prix Nominated [61]
European Film Awards 2019 European Director Nominated [62]
European Screenwriter Won [63]
European University Film Award Won [64]
Chicago International Film Festival 2019 Gold Hugo Won [65]
Silver Q-Hugo Won
Filmfest Hamburg 2019 Art Cinema Award Won [66]
Alliance of Women Film Journalists 2019 EDA Female Focus Award – Best Woman Director Won [67]
EDA Female Focus Award – Best Woman Screenwriter Nominated [68]
EDA Award – Best Director Nominated
Denver Film Festival 2019 Rare Pearl Award Won [69]
Cannes Film Festival 2019 Queer Palm Won [21]
Best Screenplay Won [22]
Palme d'Or Nominated
Annie Awards 2017 Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production My Life as a Courgette Nominated [70]
Lumières Award 2017 Best Screenplay Won [71]
César Awards 2017 Best Adapted Screenplay Won [72]
Independent Spirit Awards 2016 Best International Film Girlhood Nominated [73]
Black Reel Awards 2016 Outstanding Foreign Film Won
Alliance of Women Film Journalists 2016 EDA Female Focus Award – Best Woman Director Nominated [74]
César Awards 2015 Best Director Nominated [75]
Lumières Award 2015 Best Film Nominated [76]
Best Director Nominated
Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario 2015 Best Original Screenplay Nominated [77]
European Parliament 2014 Lux Prize Nominated [78]
Stockholm International Film Festival 2014 Bronze Horse Won [79]
Philadelphia Film Festival 2014 Special Jury Prize Won
San Sebastián International Film Festival 2014 TVE-Otra Mirada Award Won [80]
Miskolc International Film Festival 2014 International Ecumenical Award Won
BFI London Film Festival 2014 Best Film Nominated [81]
[82]
Cannes Film Festival 2014 Queer Palm Nominated [83]
Prix Jacques Prévert du Scénario 2012 Best Original Screenplay Tomboy Won [84]
Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema 2012 SIGNIS Award Won [85]
FIPRESCI Prize Won
Odesa International Film Festival 2011 Golden Duke for International Competition Nominated
Don Quixote Award for International Program Won
Golden Duke for Grand Prix Won
Berlin International Film Festival 2011 Teddy Award – Jury Award Won [86]
César Awards 2008 Best First Feature Film Water Lilies Nominated [87]
Torino Film Festival 2007 Holden Award for Best Script – Special Mention Won [88]
Louis Delluc Prize 2007 Best First Film Won [89]
Cabourg Film Festival 2007 Prix de la Jeunesse Won [90]
Athens International Film Festival 2007 Audience Award Won [91]
Cannes Film Festival 2007 Prix Un Certain Regard Nominated [92]
Caméra d'Or Nominated

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "L'interview popcorns de Celine Sciamma". SensCritique. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  2. ^ "Céline Sciamma : biographie, actualités et émissions France Culture". France Culture (in French). Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  3. ^ Romney, Jonathan (26 April 2015). "The stars of Girlhood: 'Our poster is all over Paris, with four black faces on it…'". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  4. ^ Branquart, Victor (7 May 2012). "Laurent Sciamma : meilleur espoir". Standard Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b Jenkins, David. "Celine Sciamma:interview". TimeOut London. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  6. ^ "Céline Sciamma | Berlinale Talents". www.berlinale-talents.de. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Céline Sciamma: 'My films are always about a few days out of the world'". the Guardian. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  8. ^ a b Lambies, Josep (7 May 2013). "Céline Sciamma talks 'Tomboy'". Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  9. ^ a b c Hunt, Rosy (15 September 2011). "Interview With Céline Sciamma". Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  10. ^ Silverstein, Melissa. In Her Voice Women Directors Talk Directing. Open Road Distribution, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wilson, Emma. Céline Sciamma: Portraits. Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Wood, Jason, . Last Words: Considering Contemporary Cinema. Columbia University Press, 2014, doi:10.7312/wood17196 features an interview with Sciamma
  13. ^ "Céline Sciamma". IMDb. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  14. ^ Silverstein, Melissa. "Interview with Celine Sciamma: Writer/Director of Tomboy BLOGS". Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
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  16. ^ Blay, Zeba. "Interview: 'Girlhood' Director Celine Sciamma on Race, Gender & the Universality of the Story". Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
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  19. ^ Kilday, Gregg (28 June 2017). "Academy Invites Record 774 New Members: 39 Percent Female and 30 Percent People of Color". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  20. ^ Goodfellow, Melanie. "mk2 launches sales on Céline Sciamma's 'Portrait of A Lady On Fire', Porumboiu's 'The Passenger' (exclusive)". Screendaily. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
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  30. ^ Palmer, Tim (2011). Brutal Intimacy: Analyzing Contemporary French Cinema, Wesleyan University Press, Middleton CT. ISBN 0-8195-6827-9.
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  32. ^ a b Bulloch, Ellie. Subverting the ‘Male Gaze’: How Is a ‘Female Gaze’ Evident in the Works of Sophie Calle and Céline Sciamma? Dissertation, Professor Paul Hegarty, 2021. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/clas/documents/final-year-prizes/2021/ellie-bulloch-dissertation.pdf .
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  41. ^ Nayeri, Farah (12 May 2018). "Women Rally on Cannes Red Carpet to Highlight Gender Inequality". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
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  43. ^ Willsher, Kim (March 2020). "Polanski's 'Oscar' divides elite world of French cinema". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
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  46. ^ Erbland, Kate (5 December 2019). "'Portrait of a Lady on Fire' Filmmaker Céline Sciamma Is Trying to Break Your Heart". IndieWire. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
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  80. ^ "Sean Baker, Julia Ducournau, Ryusuke Hamaguchi, Todd Haynes, Joachim Lafosse, François Ozon, Céline Sciamma and Paul Verhoeven, among the names to participate in Perlak". San Sebastián International Film Festival. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
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Further reading

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