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DHRS7B

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Template:PBB Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7B is an enzyme encoded by the DHRS7B gene in humans, found on chromosome 17p11.2.[1] DHRS7B encodes a protein that is predicted to function in steroid hormone regulation.[2][3][4] A deletion in the chromosomal region 17p11.2 has been associated with Smith-Magenis Syndrome, a genetic developmental disorder.[5]

Gene

Overview

The DHRS7B gene is located on the positive strand of chromosome 17, beginning at position 21030258 and ending at position 21094836 (64579 bp).[6] DHRS7B contains seven exons with no predicted alternate splice forms, resulting in an 1841 bp mRNA product.[6][7]

Upstream of DHRS7B on the negative strand of chromosome 17p11.2 are the genes Coiled-coil domain containing 144 family, N-terminal-like (CCDC144NL) and Ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22).[8] Downstream of DHSRS7B on the negative strand of chromosome 17p11.2 is the gene Transmembrane protein 11 (TMEM11), and on the positive strand is the gene Mitogen-activated protein kinase, kinase 3 (MAP2K3).[8]

Gene expression

Microarray and EST data indicates that the DHRS7B gene is highly expressed in the testes, thyroid, kidneys, and adipose tissues. There is moderate expression in the brain, pancreas, mammary glands, and ovaries. Finally, there is little expression in spleen, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow, and bladder.[9][10]

File:Predicted Tissue Expression of DHRS7B.png
Predicted Tissue Expression of DHRS7B

Protein structure

The DHRS7B gene has a predicted protein product that is 325 amino acids, a molecular weight of 35.1 kDa, and an isoelectric point of 9.867.[11][12] There is one predicted transmembrane domain in the protein sequence, a large neutrally charged region spanning residues 18-38.[11][12] No signal peptides have been identified in DHRS7B; cellular localization remains unclear.[13]

DHRS7B is a member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily and possesses characteristic features of an SDR within the protein sequence. The following table identifies sequences in the protein and corresponding function.[14]

Predicted Features of DHRS7B Protein
Sequence Function
"VVV" Valine-rich region, unknown function
"TGXXXGXG" NADP binding site
"NXXG" Possible active site motif
"DXXD" Adenine ring pocket motif
"GXXXXXSS" Possible active site motif
"SXYXXXK" Catalytic site, with upstream serine residue
"LXNNXG" Conserved region, unknown function
"NLS" N-glycosylation site

Interactions

In humans, DHRS7B has been shown to physically interact with other proteins such as Mediator complex subunit 19 (MED19) and Brain and reproductive expressed-modulator protein (BRE).[15] MED19 was found to interact with DHRS7B through a two hybrid screening approach and plays a role as a co-activator in regulated transcription of most RNA polymerase II dependent genes.[16] BRE is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which recognizes Lys-63 linked ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX DNA lesion sites (identified using anti-tag coimmunoprecipitation).[17] Other proteins interacting with DHRS7B have only been identified through text-mining.

Homology

Orthologs

Conservation of the DHRS7B protein sequence has been observed highly in mammals; moderately in reptiles, birds, fish and amphibians; minimally in invertebrates, insects, and fungi.[18]

Genus/Species Common Name Accession # Sequence Length Sequence Identity Sequence Similarity Notes
Homo sapiens Human NP_056325.2 [1] 325 aa 100% 100% DHRS7B
Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee XP_511344.2 [2] 325 aa 99% 99% Mammal
Pongo abelli Sumatran orangutan NP_001127381 [3] 325 aa 99% 99% Mammal
Mustela putorius furo Domestic ferret AER97198 [4] 345 aa 88% 94% Mammal
Canis familiaris Dog XP_536670 [5] 325 aa 87% 94% Mammal
Gallus gallus Chicken XP_414804 [6] 309 aa 73% 87% Bird
Anolis carolinensis Lizard XP_003226576 [7] 309 aa 68% 85% Reptile
Salmo salar Salmon ACM08861 [8] 310 aa 64% 85% Fish
Xenopus (silurana) tropicalis Western clawed frog NP_001072246 [9] 309 aa 68% 84% Amphibia
Drosophila melanogaster Fruit fly NP_651717 [10] 326 aa 45% 63% Insect
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin XP_790920 [11] 344 aa 34% 50% Invertebrate
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C Yeast NP_013953 [12] 267 aa 33% 49% Fungi

Paralogs

Paralogs of DHRS7B are all in the SDR superfamily and conservation of the SDR functional motifs was identified in a multiple sequence alignment.[18][19]

Common Name Accession # Sequence Length Sequence Identity Sequence Similarity
DHRS7B NP_056325.2 [13] 325 aa 100% 100%
DHRS7C AA_147025.1 [14] 308 aa 46% 66%
DHRS7 CAH56402 [15] 375 aa 37% 53%
HBD1 AAA58352 [16] 343 aa 35% 56%
RDH8 EAW84062 [17] 331 aa 34% 53%
RDH16 AAC39922 [18] 317 aa 33% 53%
KDSR NP002026 [19] 332 aa 31% 51%
HSD11B1 AAK83653 [20] 292 aa 29% 50%
DHRS9 AAH58883 [21] 319 aa 29% 50%
RDH5 AAH28298 [22] 318 aa 30% 49%

Clinical significance

DHRS7B has been identified in the Smith-Magenis Syndrome region, where a deletion in this chromosomal region (17p11.2) causes a genetic developmental disorder.[4] In breast cancer cells expressing CD44 and CD24, DHRS7B expression was observed to be down regulated.[20] CD44 is an antigen found on the surface of most cell types and functions as a receptor that binds tissue macromolecules. Additionally, it acts as an adhesion molecule for leukocytes on peripheral lymphoid organs and inflammation sites. CD24 is associated with B-cells, epithelial cells, and dendritic cells, functioning as an adhesion molecule and shown to enhance a tumor cell's capability of metastasizing.[21]

References

  1. ^ "Entrez Gene: Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7B".
  2. ^ "Genecards: DHRS7B Gene protein-coding GIFtS 47".
  3. ^ Tannin GM, Agarwal AK, Monder C, New MI, White PC (September 1991). "The human gene for 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Structure, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (25): 16653–8. PMID 1885595.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b "NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  5. ^ "National Center for Biotechnology Information".
  6. ^ a b "NCBI: Nucleotide". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  7. ^ "Softberry: FGENES". Softberry, Inc. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "NCBI:MapViewer". NCBI. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
  9. ^ "EST Profile Viewer".
  10. ^ "GeneNote".
  11. ^ a b Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S (March 1992). "Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (6): 2002–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002. PMC 48584. PMID 1549558.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b "Biology WorkBench 3.2". San Diego Supercomputer Center. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  13. ^ Petersen TN, Brunak S, von Heijne G, Nielsen H (2011). "SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions". Nat. Methods. 8 (10): 785–6. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1701. PMID 21959131.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Oppermann U, Kavanagh K, Guo K, Ng SS, Lukacik P, Wu X, Dubinina E, Shafqat N, Bray J, Marsden BD, Sharma S, Vedadi M, Delft FV, Sundstrom M (2005). "SDR goes SGC: a Structural Genomics Initiative". In H Weiner, B Plapp, R Lindahl, E Maser (ed.). Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism. Vol. 12. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press. pp. 235–241. ISBN 1-55753-384-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Kerrien S, Aranda B, Breuza L, Bridge A, Broackes-Carter F, Chen C, Duesbury M, Dumousseau M, Feuermann M, Hinz U, Jandrasits C, Jimenez RC, Khadake J, Mahadevan U, Masson P, Pedruzzi I, Pfeiffenberger E, Porras P, Raghunath A, Roechert B, Orchard S, Hermjakob H (January 2012). "The IntAct molecular interaction database in 2012". Nucleic Acids Res. 40 (Database issue): D841–6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1088. PMC 3245075. PMID 22121220.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (September 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID 16169070.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Sowa ME, Bennett EJ, Gygi SP, Harper JW (July 2009). "Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape". Cell. 138 (2): 389–403. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.042. PMC 2716422. PMID 19615732.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b "Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  19. ^ Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (November 1994). "CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (22): 4673–80. doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. PMC 308517. PMID 7984417.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringnér M, Saal LH, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Lövgren K, Grabau D, Fernö M, Borg A, Hegardt C (2008). "The CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors". Breast Cancer Res. 10 (3): R53. doi:10.1186/bcr2108. PMC 2481503. PMID 18559090.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  21. ^ Kuby J, Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA, Osborne BA (2007). Kuby immunology (6th ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. pp. Appendix A, 3–4. ISBN 1-4292-0211-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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