Hulunbuir

Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	呼倫貝爾
Simplified Chinese	呼伦贝尔
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hūlúnbèi'ěr
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	[[[File:Kolun buir.svg\|19px]]; kölün buyir; Хөлөнбуйр; Khölönbuir] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)

Hulunbuir

呼伦贝尔
Hulunbuir ; 呼伦贝尔
Prefecture-level city
	呼伦贝尔市
	Hulunbuir (red) in Inner Mongolia (orange) and China
Country	China
Region	Inner Mongolia
Prefecture seat	Hailar District
Area
• Total	263,953 km2 (101,913 sq mi)
Population (2010)
• Total	2,549,278
• Density	9.7/km2 (25/sq mi)
• Major nationalities	Han - 81.85%; Mongols - 8.6%; Manchu - 4.13%
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	021000
Area code	0470
Website	http://www.hulunbeier.gov.cn/

Hulunbuir or Hūlúnbèi'ěr is a region that is governed as a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, in the People's Republic of China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high steppes of the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun and Buir lakes (the latter partially in Mongolia), and the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Russia, Mongolia, Heilongjiang province and Hinggan League. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse area: next to Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian dialects such as Khorchin and Buryat, the Mongolic language Dagur and some Tungusic languages are spoken there.

History

Traditionally, Hulunbuir was a part of Manchuria, and the eastern part of the area was known as Barga. From 1912-1949, during the Republic of China (ROC) period, Hulunbuir was part of Xing'an and Heilongjiang provinces. During the Japanese occupation of China, Hulunbuir became part of the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo, which was not recognized by China. In the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China gained the support of Inner Mongol leaders like Ulanhu by promising the irredentist expansion of Inner Mongolia into areas that had majorities of Han and Manchu peoples.^[1] After the 1949 Communist revolution in China, Hulunbuir was annexed into Inner Mongolia, but the region kept economic ties to the rest of Manchuria via the Chinese Eastern Railway.^[2]

During the Cultural Revolution, the parts of historical Manchuria inside Inner Mongolia were briefly restored to their original provinces; Hulunbuir was given back to Heilongjiang from 1969 to 1979.^[2] Until October 10, 2001, Hulunbuir was administered as a League. The area is 263,953 km² (101,913 sq mi) and population 2.710 million as of 2004, while the gross domestic product was RMB 21.326 billion. The jurisdiction area of the city is larger than many Chinese provinces (and 42 U.S. states), although the actual urban agglomeration is just a very small part of the region, and the average population density of the area is very low.

Names

The city was once a league (盟) of Inner Mongolia, until 10 October 2001. During the Qing Dynasty, it was known in Mandarin as "Hūlúnbùyǔ'ěr" (呼伦布雨尔/呼倫布雨爾).

Administrative subdivisions

Hulunbuir is divided into 13 different county-level jurisdictions: one district, five county-level cities, four banners and three autonomous banners.

Map

#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Hailar District	海拉尔区	Hǎilā'ěr Qū	344,947	1,440	181
2	Manzhouli City	满洲里市	Mǎnzhōulǐ Shì	249,473	696	230
3	Zhalantun City	扎兰屯市	Zhālántún Shì	366,326	16,800	26
4	Yakeshi City	牙克石市	Yákèshí Shì	352,177	27,590	14
5	Genhe City	根河市	Gēnhé Shì	110,441	19,659	9
6	Ergun City	额尔古纳市	É'ěrgǔnà Shì	76,667	28,000	3
7	Arun Banner	阿荣旗	Āróng Qí	278,744	12,063	27
8	New Barag Right Banner	新巴尔虎右旗	Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Yòu Qí	36,356	25,102	1
9	New Barag Left Banner	新巴尔虎左旗	Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Zuǒ Qí	40,258	22,000	2
10	Old Barag Banner	陈巴尔虎旗	Chénbā'ěrhǔ Qí	58,244	21,192	3
11	Oroqin Autonomous Banner	鄂伦春自治旗	Èlúnchūn Zìzhìqí	223,752	59,800	5
12	Evenk Autonomous Banner	鄂温克族自治旗	Èwēnkèzú Zìzhìqí	134,981	19,111	7
13	Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner	莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗	Mòlìdáwǎ Dáwò'ěrzú Zìzhìqí	276,912	10,500	30

Hulunbuir is the largest city in the world based on surface area.^{[citation needed]}

Demographics (as of 2000)

ethnic group	population	share
Han	2,199,645	81.85%
Mongols	231,276	8.6%
Manchu	111,053	4.13%
Daur	70,287	2.62%
Hui	30,950	1.15%
Evenks	25,418	0.95%
Koreans	8,355	0.31%
Russians	4,741	0.18%
Oroqen	3,144	0.12%
Xibe	956	0.04%
Other	1,403	0.05%

References

^ Bulag, Uradyn (2005). "Inner Mongolia". In Rossabi, Morris (ed.). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. University of Washington Press. pp. 90–91.
^ ^a ^b Shabad, Theodore (1972). China's Changing Map: National and Regional Development, 1949-71. Taylor & Francis. pp. 237–239.

External links

Hulunbuir government website (in Chinese)
Inner Mongolian postcodes (in English)

[1] Bulag, Uradyn (2005). "Inner Mongolia". In Rossabi, Morris (ed.). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. University of Washington Press. pp. 90–91.

[Shabad-2] Shabad, Theodore (1972). China's Changing Map: National and Regional Development, 1949-71. Taylor & Francis. pp. 237–239.

[1]

[2]

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