Immigration to Finland

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Number of Allophones, i.e. residents with another native language than Finnish, Swedish or Sami, in Finland, 1980-2011, according to Statistics Finland.[1]

Immigration to Finland is the process by which people migrate to Finland to reside in the country. Some, but not all, become Finnish citizens.

Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of Finland. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, impact on upward social mobility, crime, and voting behavior.

As of 2011, there are 140,000 foreign born people residing in Finland, which corresponds to 2.7% of the population. According to Wikipedia's Finland demographics page this number is very much out of date. As of 2017, there are 373,325 foreign people residing in Finland, which corresponds to 6.8% of the population. Numerous polls in 2010 indicated that the majority of the Finnish people want to limit immigration to the country in order to preserve regional cultural diversity.[2]

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Russians and Chechenians from Russia, Turks and Kurds from Turkey, Serbs and Albanians from Serbia and immigrants from Iran are divided into Persians, Azeris and Kurds.[3]

History

Further information: History of Finland

Immigration has been a major factor of population growth and cultural change throughout Finland. Today, there are 140,000 foreign born people residing in Finland. Foreign born individuals correspond to 2.7% of the population of Finland. However, as of 2011 there are 244,827 persons with a foreign first language (other than Finnish, Swedish or Sami), who account for 4.5% of the population.[4] The largest groups appear to be Russians, Estonians, and Somalis. Meanwhile, immigration from Sweden has halted the decrease in the Swedish-speaking population.

In 2017, hundreds of Muslim asylum seekers from Iraq and Afghanistan converted to Christianity after having had their first asylum application rejected by the Finnish Immigration Service (Migri), in order to re-apply for asylum on the grounds of religious persecution.[5]

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Finland

Between 1987 and 2016, a total of 5,264 people were adopted who were born in another country.

Adoptions by Country of Birth 1987-2016[6]

  1. China China (1,003)
  2. Russia Russia (829)
  3. Thailand Thailand (693)
  4. Colombia Colombia (559)
  5. South Africa South Africa (449)
Immigrant populations by country of origin in 2017[7]
Country 1990 2016 2017
Soviet Union former Soviet Union 9,891 74,721 75,801
Estonia Estonia 341 48,611 49,424
Iraq Iraq 203 17,397 20,232
Somalia Somalia 49 18,878 19,807
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia former Yugoslavia 128 11,782 12,229
China China 441 10,801 11,303
Vietnam Vietnam 1,841 10,194 10,817
Thailand Thailand 238 8,704 9,051
Afghanistan Afghanistan 5 7,976 8,930
Turkey Turkey 412 8,528 8,918
Iran Iran (including Kurdistan province) 516 7,698 8,114
Russia Russia 96 7,395 7,874
India India 434 6,595 7,010
Sweden Sweden 3,001 6,407 6,610
Syria Syria 38 4,057 6,232
Poland Poland 965 5,002 5,180
Germany Germany 1,649 4,731 4,673
Philippines Philippines 248 3,941 4,346
United Kingdom United Kingdom 1,181 4,195 4,270
Romania Romania 153 3,669 4,015
Nepal Nepal 6 3,284 3,632
United States United States 2,017 3,394 3,526
Pakistan Pakistan 130 3,205 3,511
Nigeria Nigeria 89 3,228 3,480
Bangladesh Bangladesh 95 3,010 3,358
Morocco Morocco 395 3,124 3,286
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 6 3,020 3,118
Bulgaria Bulgaria 248 2,410 2,565
Hungary Hungary 540 2,495 2,499
EthiopiaEthiopia 108 2,270 2,463
Spain Spain 299 2,343 2,379
Italy Italy 370 2,297 2,371
Latvia Latvia 9 2,095 2,310
Ukraine Ukraine 4 1,958 2,221
Ghana Ghana 67 2,021 2,135
France France 381 2,085 2,112
Myanmar Myanmar 7 1,948 2,020
Sudan Sudan 11 1,837 1,859
Kenya Kenya 71 1,546 1,616
Brazil Brazil 89 1,428 1,566
Egypt Egypt 195 1,281 1,370
Lithuania Lithuania 14 1,268 1,364
Cameroon Cameroon 4 1,227 1,339
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 107 1,250 1,306
Greece Greece 238 1,137 1,298
Japan Japan 285 1,223 1,277
Netherlands Netherlands 307 1,206 1,233
Algeria Algeria 210 1,167 1,230
Serbia and Montenegro former Serbia and Montenegro 0 1,139 1,161
Tunisia Tunisia 145 916
Canada Canada 494 898
The Gambia The Gambia 23 897
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 808
Mexico Mexico 33 807
Lebanon Lebanon 109 682
Norway Norway 568 674
Angola Angola 3 661
Czechoslovakia former Czechoslovakia 245 660
South Korea South Korea 45 648
Israel Israel 214 644
Australia Australia 107 629
Tanzania Tanzania 56 586
Albania Albania 0 585
Colombia Colombia 32 573
Switzerland Switzerland 224 550
Denmark Denmark 357 549
Indonesia Indonesia 27 539
Cuba Cuba 17 537
Peru Peru 66 534
Portugal Portugal 73 514
Republic of Ireland Ireland 72 488
Austria Austria 164 481
Chile Chile 183 469
Eritrea Eritrea 1 422
Argentina Argentina 82 409
Belgium Belgium 68 407
Malaysia Malaysia 96 396
Belarus Belarus 0 385
Cambodia Cambodia 78 360
Jordan Jordan 51 349
South Africa South Africa 54 345
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 0 306
Slovakia Slovakia 0 283
Libya Libya 19 280
Czech Republic Czech Republic 0 264
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6 264
Croatia Croatia 1 261
Uganda Uganda 7 261
Total immigrant population 37,618 364,787 384,123

Religion

Further information: Religion in Finland

Politics

Further information: Politics of Finland

Legal issues

Further information: Finnish nationality law

See also

References

  1. ^ Rapo, Markus. "Statistikcentralen -". Stat.fi. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  2. ^ [1] [dead link]
  3. ^ https://www.stat.fi/til/index_en.html
  4. ^ Rapo, Markus. "Tilastokeskus -". Stat.fi. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  5. ^ "Stort finländskt fenomen - hundratals muslimer blir kristna". 4 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__adopt/statfin_adopt_pxt_001.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4
  7. ^ http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_032.px/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4
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