John F. Kennedy Jr.: Difference between revisions
→Death: Most contributors on the discussion page feel that the aviation aspects are too controversial for this bio. Many other opinions were completely over-written by this one sided view. |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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On July 16, 1999, at the age of 38, Kennedy was killed along with his wife and sister-in-law [[Lauren Bessette]] when the aircraft he was piloting crashed into the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. He was flying a [[Piper Saratoga|Piper Saratoga II HP]] from [[Essex County Airport]] in [[New Jersey]] to [[Martha's Vineyard]]. He and his wife were traveling to the wedding of his cousin [[Rory Kennedy]] in [[Hyannis, Massachusetts]], which was then postponed. Lauren was to have been dropped off at Martha's Vineyard en route. |
On July 16, 1999, at the age of 38, Kennedy was killed along with his wife and sister-in-law [[Lauren Bessette]] when the aircraft he was piloting crashed into the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. He was flying a [[Piper Saratoga|Piper Saratoga II HP]] from [[Essex County Airport]] in [[New Jersey]] to [[Martha's Vineyard]]. He and his wife were traveling to the wedding of his cousin [[Rory Kennedy]] in [[Hyannis, Massachusetts]], which was then postponed. Lauren was to have been dropped off at Martha's Vineyard en route. |
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Kennedy's aircraft hit the water inverted and at high speed, a result typical of [[spatial disorientation]] and loss of control. This type of mishap often occurs when visibility is poor and it is not uncommon for inexperienced pilots to succumb to such disorientation over water at night due to the lack of a clearly visible horizon line and visually confusing ship lights which can appear to move ([[autokinesis]]) or create the impression of a false horizon. |
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However, the conditions were almost certainly above the minimums required for [[visual flight rules]], the only type of operation Kennedy was certified for. While certain pilots gave conflicting versions of the visibility en route, the manager of the [[air traffic control]] tower at [[Martha's Vineyard]] stated that "The visibility, present weather, and sky condition at the approximate time of the accident was probably a little better than what was being reported. I say this because I remember aircraft on visual approaches saying they had the airport in sight between 10 and 12 miles out. I do recall being able to see those aircraft and I do remember seeing the stars out that night." [http://www.ntsb.gov/NTSB/brief2.asp?ev_id=20001212X19354&ntsbno=NYC99MA178&akey=1] |
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If a pilot becomes spatially disoriented and fails to control the aircraft properly through reference to mechanical indicators, the airplane can enter a diving spiral from which recovery is difficult. If the spiral is not observed and corrected or is over-corrected, the airplane may break apart in the air or strike the surface at high speed. This type of mishap has been called the "[[graveyard spiral]]," a term reflecting the seriousness of spatial disorientation, loss of control, and the path followed by the aircraft. [see: Federal Aviation Regulations, Airmans Information Manual AIM/FAR 8-1-5 Illusions In Flight][http://books.google.com/books?id=cHKevTrbjCEC&pg=PA322&lpg=PA322&dq=federal+aviation+regulations+graveyard+spiral&source=web&ots=D-1Nna9EFW&sig=BFsv_R9jfvYkgTp7JLqxW2XyVIY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result] |
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Aircraft such as the Saratoga II can be controlled with reference to instruments (mechanical indicators) in reduced visibility or night overwater operation. To obtain their initial Private Pilot certification, pilots must demonstrate basic skills in aircraft control by instruments. However, operation in meteorological conditions where [[visual flight rules]] do not apply is restricted to pilots with an instrument certification. At the time of the mishap, Kennedy was working on, but had not completed, this certification. |
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In addition, Kennedy's aircraft was equipped with an [[autopilot]] that could have maintained control and prevented a spiral dive. [[Radar]] tracking data indicate that he most likely used the autopilot during the majority of his flight. The NTSB determined that the autopilot was not operating at the time of the crash. There is no requirement to operate an autopilot during flight, and all pilots must demonstrate competence in controlling the aircraft without use of an autopilot. |
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Kennedy had injured his ankle and had the cast immobilizing it removed the previous day. The rudder pedals, the only foot operated controls, are required for safe operation during takeoff and landing and are especially important for spin recovery. Spin recovery takes full rudder authority, as such the rudder pedal must be pushed firmly all the way to the floor in the opposite direction of the aircraft's rotation in order to recover from a "spiral" or spin. Kennedy was a relatively inexperienced pilot, however he had flown the same route in the past, often at night, and had landed several times at [[Martha's Vineyard Airport]]. No flight instructor was with Kennedy on the fatal flight, nor was one required, although Kennedy had often flown with an instructor before the mishap, a normal training practice. |
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===Memorial tributes and services=== |
===Memorial tributes and services=== |
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===Wrongful-death lawsuit=== |
===Wrongful-death lawsuit=== |
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A wrongful death lawsuit brought by the Bessette family against the Kennedy estate concluded with an undisclosed out of court settlement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/614:0/1/Carolyn_Bessette.htm|title=Biography of Carolyn Bessette}}</ref> The settlement avoided the publicity of a public trial |
A wrongful death lawsuit brought by the Bessette family against the Kennedy estate concluded with an undisclosed out of court settlement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/614:0/1/Carolyn_Bessette.htm|title=Biography of Carolyn Bessette}}</ref> The settlement avoided the publicity of a public trial. |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 23:52, 3 January 2009
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This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. |
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. | |
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![]() John F. Kennedy Jr. greets invited guests at the HBO and Imagine Entertainment premiere held at Kennedy Space Center | |
Born | John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. November 25, 1960 |
Died | July 16, 1999 Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Martha's Vineyard | (aged 38)
Occupation(s) | lawyer and journalist |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Carolyn Jeanne Bessette (1996–1999) |
Children | none |
Parent(s) | John F. Kennedy (May 29, 1917–November 22, 1963) Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929–May 19, 1994) |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Two_JFKs.jpg/220px-Two_JFKs.jpg)
Template:FixHTML John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. (November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, Jr., JFK Jr., John Jr., John Kennedy or John-John, was a journalist, lawyer, pilot, and socialite. He was the first son of President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy, and the younger brother of Caroline Kennedy and the older brother of the deceased Patrick Bouvier Kennedy; another child had been stillborn before Caroline. He was known as "America's Son" for he was one of the few presidential children to actually be raised in the White House. He died in a plane crash along with his wife and sister-in-law in mid-1999.
Early life
Born at Georgetown University Hospital sixteen days after his father was elected to the presidency, John F. Kennedy, Jr., was in the public spotlight from his infancy in early 1961 until his death in mid-1999. He lived for most of the first three years of his life in the White House, and in the eye of the media and public who adored his antics. His nickname "John-John" came from a reporter mishearing JFK calling him ("John" spoken twice in quick succession). Even as a boy, he was often photographed and still referred to publicly as "John-John", although members of the Kennedy family themselves did not use the nickname. [1] They found it rather annoying, as did he. When he got to go to school, he got in a fight on his first day when his classmate insisted on calling him John-John.
His father was assassinated on November 22, 1963, and the funeral procession took place on his third birthday three days later. In a moment that became an emotional and iconic image of the 1960s, young JFK, Jr. stepped forward and rendered a final salute as the flag-draped casket was carried out from St. Matthew's Cathedral.[2] Following his father's assassination, he grew up on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, and his mother re-married in 1968 to Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis (whom she met in the early 1960s while still married to President Kennedy), and the marriage lasted for eight years until the latter's death in 1975, when John, Jr. was fourteen years old.
Generally considered exceptionally handsome and athletic, People Magazine named Kennedy its "Sexiest Man Alive" in 1988 at the age of 27 (the youngest "sexiest man" to date). He is, so far, the only person named such who was not a working actor and is the only one who is now deceased.
Education
Kennedy attended the Collegiate School in New York City for the third through tenth grades, and later graduated from the Phillips Academy (also known as Andover). Foregoing his family legacy of attending Harvard University, Kennedy opted to attend another Ivy League school, and graduated from Brown University in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in History. While at Brown, Kennedy was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.
After Brown, he took a working break, traveling to India and spending some time at the University of Delhi where he met Mother Teresa. He also worked with some of the Kennedy special interest projects, including the East Harlem School at Exodus House and Reaching Up. From 1984-1986 he worked for the New York City Office of Business Development. He served as deputy director of the 42nd Street Development Corporation in 1986. He also did a bit of acting during that time, which had been one of his passions, having appeared in many plays while at Brown.
In 1989, he earned a J.D. degree from the New York University School of Law. He failed the New York bar exam twice before passing on the third try. According to Robert Littell's book after the second failing he drove his GMC Typhoon to a motel in Lake George and spent the weekend drinking and listening to self help tapes[3]. He hired a tutor and arranged for special accommodation for his third try, wherein he took the examination alone (as the sole examinee) in a private room, accompanied by a proctor and time restrictions were looser.[citation needed]
Career
Kennedy interned for the Reagan admnistration's Justice Department in Washington D.C in the summer of 1987. He spoke at the 1988 Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. He worked as a paralegal for Charles Manatt at Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Phillips in LA the summer of 1988. Not long after joining the DA's office he was offered work in the Justice Department during Clinton's administration but declined. He was an assistant district attorney in Manhattan from 1989 to 1993 and was good at his job, he won all 6 of his cases but later confided that he had 2 big problems working for the DA's; the media circus that surrounded him and the defendents he prosecuted seemed to want to confess to him. He didn't seem to have the passion for law and later abandoned it.
After the end of his law career he set up Random Ventures. Being an avid outdoorsman he even considered setting up a kayak business before settling on George. In 1995, he founded George, a glossy politics-as-lifestyle monthly which sometimes took editorial aim even at members of his own family. He controlled 50 per cent shares in the company. After Kennedy's death, the magazine was bought out by Hachette Filipacchi Magazines[4] his partners in George and continued for over a year. With falling advertising sales,[4] the magazine folded in early 2001.[5] Before Kennedy died however he had conceded that he "might have to wind it up by the end of the year"[6] When he died the magazine had been in negotiations. His backers at Hachette had threatened to pull out and he was having trouble raising funding for the magazine. He had planned on turning George into an internet project and was set to have a meeting in Hyannis Port the night he died.
Personal life
Through the 1980s until his death, Kennedy was an often-seen and much-photographed personality in Manhattan. He lived at 309 West Eighty-Sixth Street (between Brown and NYU Law), a hotel apartment when he attended NYU and later famously at 20-26 N. Moore Street Apartment 9E in Tribeca[7]. He could usually be seen around Manhattan riding his bike (his bikes were constantly stolen so he had to get a new one every few months) and was famous for wearing his wallet clipped to a chain on his belt (he would absentmindly lose it quite often).
His ex-girlfriends include Jennifer Christian (his high school sweetheart at Andover), Sally Munro (his girlfriend at Brown, they dated for 6 years), Julie Baker (a model he dated in the late 80's on and off for a few years), Christina Haag (a Brown alumna and actress he'd had a crush on while there, they started dating in 1985 for a few years), Ashley Richardson (a model and actress), Sarah Jessica Parker (they dated in 1988), Daryl Hannah (they dated on and off from 1989-1994 and lived together briefly at Hannah's Upper West Side apartment) and had a brief fling with Madonna during an on and off point in his relationship with Hannah. Soon after his mother's death he met Carolyn Jeanne Bessette in late 1994. She had apparently resisted John's proposal for a year before finally accepting. When speaking of her to a friend, Kennedy was quoted as saying "she's the best shot I got" and they married on September 21, 1996 on Cumberland Island in Georgia. His sister Caroline acted as the matron of honor and his cousin Anthony Stanislas Radziwill acted as best man.
Death
On July 16, 1999, at the age of 38, Kennedy was killed along with his wife and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette when the aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. He was flying a Piper Saratoga II HP from Essex County Airport in New Jersey to Martha's Vineyard. He and his wife were traveling to the wedding of his cousin Rory Kennedy in Hyannis, Massachusetts, which was then postponed. Lauren was to have been dropped off at Martha's Vineyard en route.
Memorial tributes and services
During the memorial service on July 23, 1999, Kennedy's uncle, Massachusetts Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, stated, "We dared to think, in that other Irish phrase, that this John Kennedy would live to comb gray hair, with his beloved Carolyn by his side. But, like his father, he had every gift but length of years."[8] And of his nephew's marriage, he invoked what had been said of his brother's Presidency: both lasted 1,000 days. Then-U.S. President Bill Clinton attended the funeral and ordered that the flag at the White House be lowered to half-staff in honor of JFK, Jr.
At President Clinton's orders, warships of the United States Navy assisted in the search for the downed plane. With the permission of Secretary of Defense William Cohen, a memorial service for the three victims was held aboard the Navy ship USS Briscoe. The cremated remains of Kennedy, his wife and sister-in-law were later scattered from the ship off the coast of Martha's Vineyard.
Wrongful-death lawsuit
A wrongful death lawsuit brought by the Bessette family against the Kennedy estate concluded with an undisclosed out of court settlement.[9] The settlement avoided the publicity of a public trial.
References
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ Kennedy, Year in Review, CNN.
- ^ Lucas, Dean (2007-07-22). "Famous Pictures Magazine - JFK jr salutes JFK" (HTML). Famous Pictures Magazine. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
- ^ "The Men We Became: My Friendship with John F. Kennedy, Jr. by Littell, Robert
- ^ a b Bercovici, Jeff. Hachette delivers death ax to George. Media Life Magazine. 2001.
- ^ CNN Transcript: Reliable Sources: 'George' Folds. January 6, 2001.
- ^ "The Men We Became", Robert Littell
- ^ http://livingtrustnetwork.com/last-wills-and-testaments/john-f.-kennedy-jr.-last-will-and-testament.html
- ^ "Edward "Ted" Kennedy's eulogy to his nephew JFK, Jr".
- ^ "Biography of Carolyn Bessette".
See also
- Kennedy Curse
- Kennedy family
- John F. Kennedy assassination
- Robert F. Kennedy assassination
- Sensory illusions in aviation
- Spatial disorientation
- Bárány chair
- The Day the Music Died, and Roger Peterson (pilot)
- Flash Airlines Flight 604
- Air India Flight 855
External links
- John F. Kennedy Jr. at IMDb
- National Transportation Safety Board investigation final report
- Web of conspiracy surrounds JFK Jr.'s death
- JFK Jr's political donations
- CNN.com In-depth coverage of JFK Jr's death
- Kennedy's body, airplane wreckage found
- John F. Kennedy, Jr. at the Notable Names Database
- Regarding JFK Jr.'s burial at sea
- JFK II & The Assassination of JFK, Jr.
- If William Shakespear was still alive, we all know what he would call this tragedy: Unfortunate Son
{{subst:#if:Kennedy, John F., Jr.|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1960}}
|| UNKNOWN | MISSING = Year of birth missing {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1999}}||LIVING=(living people)}} | #default = 1960 births
}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1999}}
|| LIVING = | MISSING = | UNKNOWN = | #default =
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- Living people
- 1999 deaths
- Accidental human deaths in Massachusetts
- American aviators
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- American Roman Catholics
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- American socialites
- Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
- Bouvier family
- Brown University alumni
- Children of Presidents of the United States
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- John F. Kennedy
- Kennedy family
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- People from Manhattan
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