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Leonia, New Jersey

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"Leonia" redirects here. For other uses, see Leonia (disambiguation).
Leonia, New Jersey
Borough
Borough of Leonia
Map highlighting Leonia's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey
Map highlighting Leonia's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Leonia, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Leonia, New Jersey
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyBergen
IncorporatedDecember 5, 1894
Government
[4]
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorJohn DeSimone (D, term ends December 31, 2015)[1][2]
 • AdministratorJack Terhune[3]
 • ClerkFran Lehmann[3]
Area
[5]
 • Total
1.635 sq mi (4.234 km2)
 • Land1.536 sq mi (3.977 km2)
 • Water0.099 sq mi (0.257 km2)  6.06%
 • Rank436th of 566 in state
56th of 70 in county[5]
Elevation
[6]
85 ft (26 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[7][8][9]
 • Total
8,937
 • Estimate 
(2014)[10]
9,139
 • Rank257th of 566 in state
41st of 70 in county[11]
 • Density5,819.5/sq mi (2,246.9/km2)
  • Rank89th of 566 in state
25th of 70 in county[11]
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP code
07605[12][13]
Area code(s)201[14]
FIPS code3400340020[5][15][16]
GNIS feature ID0885276[5][17]
Websitewww.leonianj.gov

Leonia is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 8,937,[7][8][9] reflecting an increase of 23 (+0.3%) from the 8,914 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 549 (+6.6%) from the 8,365 counted in the 1990 Census.[19] It is a suburb of New York City located near the western approach to the George Washington Bridge.

Leonia was formed as the result of a referendum passed on December 5, 1894, from portions of Ridgefield Township.[20] The borough was formed during the "Boroughitis" phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone.[21] Portions of Leonia were taken on February 19, 1895, to form the Township of Teaneck.[20][22]

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Leonia as its 31st best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.[23]

History

The original inhabitants of Leonia were the Hackensack tribe (Ashkineshacky) of Native Americans. The population was about 1,000 before the Europeans settled in the area. At the time of the American Revolutionary War, Leonia was known as part of the English Neighborhood, a name that survives in neighboring Englewood. It was settled in 1668 mainly by Dutch and English farmers, making it one of the oldest communities in the state and county.[24] A third of the population was African slaves. It was located on the western slope of the Palisades, started as a quiet farming community. Leonia's proximity to New York City and its major universities, theaters and performing venues contributed to Leonia's place in the world of art and academics, with many artists and leading thinkers finding a home there in the twentieth century.

The local economy that had been focused on agriculture underwent economic and cultural growth during the late nineteenth century, marked by the introduction of train service at was originally called West Fort Lee. J. Vreeland Moore and other town leaders chose the name "Leonia" in 1865 in honor of American Revolutionary War General Charles Lee, for whom Fort Lee was named.[25][26]

After traveling through Leonia after arriving in New Jersey by ferry at Edgewater in 1899, advertising executive Artemus Ward purchased a large piece of land and established the Leonia Heights Land Company to develop and market housing in the community, his advertising attracting many academics and artists who were attracted to Leonia's small size, culture, and location, earning the town's nickname of the "Athens of New Jersey".[27]

In 1915, the Leonia School of Illustration was established by Harvey Dunn, fostering the artists' colony that subsequently emerged over the next decade.[28] By the 1930s, it had the highest number of residents, per capita, in Who's Who in America and 80% of its residents were college graduates. Transportation through the borough was enhanced with access to ferries and trolley systems and Leonia became a refuge for many of America's most creative thinkers which included five Nobel Prize winners.[29]

For 200 years, one of the two major avenues that run north-to-south through Leonia, Grand Avenue (the other one is Broad Avenue) was called the English Neighborhood Road. In colonial times, this road served as the main inland route between Paulus Hook, Bergen, and the English Neighborhood. Leonia was a crossroads of the American Revolution and a training ground for American Civil War soldiers.

Historic places in this town include the Civil War Drill Hall and Armory and the Cole-Allaire House, constructed around 1765, making it the oldest dwelling in the borough, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.[30] The Vreeland House, constructed in 1786 by Dirck Vreeland and expanded in 1815, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[31]

Leonia celebrates "Leonia Day" annually on the third Sunday in May.[32]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.635 square miles (4.234 km2), including 1.536 square miles (3.977 km2) of land and 0.099 square miles (0.257 km2) of water (6.06%).[5][18]

While the borough center's elevation is 105 feet (32 m), the western part of the borough can reach 5 feet (1.5 m) and the eastern part of Leonia reaches 318 feet (97 m).[33]

The borough borders Englewood, Fort Lee, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park and Teaneck.[34]

Leonia is designated as a Tree City USA, receiving its 21st annual recognition in 2010 from the National Arbor Day Foundation.[35]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1900804—
19101,48684.8%
19202,979100.5%
19305,35079.6%
19405,7637.7%
19507,37828.0%
19608,38413.6%
19708,8475.5%
19808,027−9.3%
19908,3654.2%
20008,9146.6%
20108,9370.3%
2014 (est.)9,139[10][36]2.3%
Population sources:
1900-1920[37] 1900-1910[38]
1910-1930[39] 1900-2010[40][41][42]
2000[43][44] 2010[7][8][9]

Census 2010

Template:USCensusDemographics

Same-sex couples headed 35 households in 2010, more than double the 17 counted in 2000.[45]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $66,271 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,365) and the median family income was $91,129 (+/- $16,890). Males had a median income of $54,754 (+/- $8,175) versus $60,057 (+/- $8,680) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $40,030 (+/- $4,132). About 5.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.[46]

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census[15] there were 8,914 people, 3,271 households, and 2,436 families residing in the borough. The population density was 5,921.3 people per square mile (2,279.3/km2). There were 3,343 housing units at an average density of 2,220.6 per square mile (854.8/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 65.74% White, 2.27% African American, 0.09% Native American, 26.06% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 3.20% from other races, and 2.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.73% of the population.[43][44]

There were 3,271 households out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.20.[43][44]

In the borough the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.[43][44]

The median income for a household in the borough was $72,440, and the median income for a family was $84,591. Males had a median income of $55,156 versus $38,125 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $35,352. About 5.0% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 1.8% of those age 65 or over.[43][44]

As of the 2000 Census, 17.24% of Leonia's residents identified themselves as being of Korean ancestry, which was the fourth-highest in the United States and second highest of any municipality in New Jersey — behind neighboring Palisades Park (36.38%) — for all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[47] Additionally, 3.07% of Leonia's residents identified themselves as being of Japanese ancestry, which was the fourth highest of any municipality in New Jersey — behind Fort Lee (6.09%), Demarest (3.72%) and Edgewater (3.22%) — for all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[48]

Arts and culture

Leonia is home to the Players Guild of Leonia, which operates as the oldest continuing theatre troupe in the state of New Jersey, and is one of the oldest community theatre guilds in the state with continuous performances since 1919.[29] Performances have included comedies, tragedies, classics, and musicals. The Guild's production of One Mad Night in 1940 was the first three-act play performed on television, when it was broadcast on WPTZ, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1963, the Children's Show was instituted and continues each spring. Between 1968 and 1998, the Guild produced Theatre in the Park. Since 2002, the Players' Guild of Leonia has produced a Playwright's Showcase featuring original scripts. The Guild operates out of the historic Civil War Drill Hall Theatre on Grand Avenue which is leased from the borough.[49]

Since 2000, Leonia has also been home to Summerstage at Leonia, which produces a Broadway-style family musical each summer in the last two weeks of July at the Leonia High School Little Theater. Auditions are held in May and open to all in the NY metro area. Past shows have included The Wizard of Oz, Carousel, The Sound of Music, Annie and Oliver, "Les Miserables".[50]

The Leonia Chamber Musicians Society, founded in 1973, is made up of professional musicians who reside in Leonia, has been performing classical music concerts four times a year at various venues in the borough.[51]

Sculpture for Leonia aims to build the art and cultural environment in Leonia through the display of outdoor sculpture throughout the community and in the Erika and David Boyd Sculpture Garden, which is located on the grounds of the Leonia Boro Annex.[52] This group sponsors an annual Taste of Leonia fundraiser. Leonia Arts provides a calendar of all arts events in Leonia.[53]

Parks and recreation

Leonia has five public recreational areas, of which only the Leonia Swim Club requires a membership fee. The recreation areas include Wood Park, located on the corner of Broad Avenue and Fort Lee Road; Sylvan Park and the Leonia Swim Club, both are on Grand Avenue, near Sylvan Avenue; the Recreational Center on Broad Avenue that offers an indoor basketball court.[29]

Overpeck County Park, which is a Bergen County park that is located in Leonia, Ridgefield and Teaneck, is home of the county's World Trade Center Memorial.[54]

Government

Local government

The Borough Hall of Leonia

Leonia is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government. The governing body consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council comprising six council members, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[4] The Borough form of government used by Leonia, the most common system used in the state, is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[55][56]

As of 2015, the Mayor of Leonia is Democrat John DeSimone, whose term of office ends December 31, 2015.[2] The members of the Leonia Borough Council are Council President Darryl Whitter (D, 2016), Bernadette Flaim (D, 2016), Pasquale “Pat” Fusco (D, 2017), Maureen Davis Havlusch (D, 2017), Greg Makroulakis (D, 2015) and Mark Minichiello (D, 2015).[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]

Peter Knott was appointed to fill the seat vacated by John DeSimone when he took office as mayor and won election to serve the balance of the term through December 2013.[65]

Pat Fusco was appointed in August 2013 to fill the vacant seat of Ik-Seong "I.S." Pak, who had resigned earlier that month citing personal issues.[66] Mark Minichiello was elected in November 2013 to serve the balance of the term.

Federal, state and county representation

Leonia is located in the 9th Congressional District[67] and is part of New Jersey's 37th state legislative district.[8][68][69]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson) until his death in August 2024.[70][71] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[72] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[73][74]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 37th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Gordon M. Johnson (D, Englewood) and in the General Assembly by Shama Haider (D, Tenafly) and Ellen Park (D, Englewood Cliffs).[75] Template:NJ Governor

Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024, the county executive is James J. Tedesco III (D, Paramus), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[76]

Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, 2025),[77] Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2025),[78] Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2026),[79] Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2025),[80] Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield, 2026),[81] Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024)[82] and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2024).[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]

Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026),[91][92] Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2024)[93][94] and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).[95][96][86][97]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 4,713 registered voters in Leonia, of which 2,493 (52.9% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 598 (12.7% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 1,619 (34.4% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties.[98] Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 52.7% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 67.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[98][99]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,451 votes (66.8% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,135 votes (30.9% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 47 votes (1.3% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,668 ballots cast by the borough's 5,065 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.4% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[100][101] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 2,604 votes (65.9% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1,273 votes (32.2% vs. 44.5%) and other candidates with 30 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,953 ballots cast by the borough's 5,050 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.3% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County).[102][103] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 2,468 votes (64.4% vs. 51.7% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 1,327 votes (34.6% vs. 47.2%) and other candidates with 25 votes (0.7% vs. 0.7%), among the 3,835 ballots cast by the borough's 4,878 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.6% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county).[104]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 50.8% of the vote (1,078 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 47.9% (1,015 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (27 votes), among the 2,205 ballots cast by the borough's 4,826 registered voters (85 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.7%.[105][106] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 1,682 ballots cast (60.7% vs. 48.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 901 votes (32.5% vs. 45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 120 votes (4.3% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 7 votes (0.3% vs. 0.5%), among the 2,773 ballots cast by the borough's 4,880 registered voters, yielding a 56.8% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).[107]

Education

Once Leonia High School, now Leonia Middle School

Leonia is served by its public system and by a number of private schools.[108]

The Leonia Public Schools serve students from Kindergarten through twelfth grade. Students from Edgewater attend the district's schools for grades 7-12 as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Edgewater Public Schools.[109] Edgewater sends approximately 320 students who attend the district's middle school and high school.[110]

As of the 2013-14 school year, the district's three schools had an enrollment of 1,812 students and 163.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1.[111] Schools in the district (with 2013-14 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[112]) are Anna C. Scott Elementary School[113] (634 students in grades PreK-5), Leonia Middle School[114] (484; 6-8) and Leonia High School[115] (696; 9-12).[116][117]

Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools, which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[118][119]

St. John the Evangelist School was a Catholic school for students in grades PreK-8, operating under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. After 72 years and generations of graduates, it was closed in June 2013.[120]

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 23.02 miles (37.05 km) of roadways, of which 19.53 miles (31.43 km) were maintained by the municipality, 1.12 miles (1.80 km) by Bergen County, 1.56 miles (2.51 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.81 miles (1.30 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[121]

Route 93 (Grand Avenue) runs north-south for 1.5 miles (2.4 km) through the center of the borough, connecting Palisades Park and Englewood.[122] Interstate 95 (the New Jersey Turnpike) curves along the borough's northern border[123] while U.S. Route 1/9 and U.S. Route 46 briefly enter along the western border with Fort Lee.[124][125]

Public transportation

New Jersey Transit bus routes 166 provides service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, and 182 services the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal, with local service offered on the 751, 755 and 756 routes.[126]

Rockland Coaches provides service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal on the 11T/11AT, 14ET, 20T and 21T routes.[127]

The Northern Branch Corridor Project, a proposal to restore passenger train service on the CSX tracks, which had offered passenger service decades before and is now used for occasional freight service. New Jersey Transit's plan would include a station in Leonia as part of its route between Tenafly and North Bergen.[128]

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Leonia, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Leonia include:

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b About the Mayor - John DeSimone, Borough of Leonia. Accessed May 9, 2012.
  3. ^ a b Leonia Contact List, Borough of Leonia. Accessed July 10, 2012.
  4. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 157.
  5. ^ a b c d e f 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  6. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Leonia, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 7, 2013.
  7. ^ a b c DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Leonia borough, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 7, 2013.
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  13. ^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 28, 2013.
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  16. ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 10, 2012.
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  25. ^ a b c d e f Karels, Carol. Leonia, p. 127. Arcadia Publishing, 2002. ISBN 9780738509730. Accessed October 21, 2015. "By the 1970s, Leonia was home to may professional musicians, writers, and entertainers. Many - such as Alan Alda, an actor and director; Carmel Quinn a singer; Freddie Bartholomew, a child star; And Robert Ludlum, an actor, producer and author - contributed to the cultural life of the community. Others - such as singer Pat Boone, comic Buddy Hackett, and singer Sammy Davis, Jr. - lived here because of its proximity to New York City."
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  50. ^ About, Summerstage at Leonia. Accessed October 18, 2013.
  51. ^ About, Leonia Chamber Musicians Society. Accessed October 18, 2013.
  52. ^ About, Sculpture for Leonia. Accessed October 18, 2013.
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  54. ^ Overpeck County Park, Bergen County, New Jersey Department of Parks. Accessed June 1, 2015.
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  57. ^ Council, Borough of Leonia. Accessed January 7, 2015.
  58. ^ 2013 Municipal Data Sheet, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  59. ^ 2015 County and Municipal Directory, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed November 12, 2015.
  60. ^ Staff. "Election Results: Bergen County 2014 General Election", The Bergen Dispatch, November 4, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2015.
  61. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote BER_20141104_E, Bergen County Clerk, December 16, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2014.
  62. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote General Election 2013, Bergen County Clerk, November 5, 2013. Accessed January 7, 2015.
  63. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote General Election 2012, Bergen County Clerk, November 6, 2012. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  64. ^ Middleton, Raeshelle. "Leonia Council welcomes two new members", Leonia Life, January 10, 2014. Accessed September 2, 2014. "Council members Bernadette Flaim and Darryl Whitter were sworn in, Flaim for her first term, Whitter for his second term."
  65. ^ Kwon, Grace. "Leonia's uncontested election yields no surprises", Leonia Life, November 6, 2012. Accessed September 15, 2013. "Council candidates Greg Makroulakis, Peter Knott and I.S. Pak secured the three open seats on the council in an uncontested race during the Nov. 6 election.... A resident of Leonia since 1983, incumbent Knott said he looks forward to finishing the one-year unexpired term that resulted when John DeSimone was elected mayor."
  66. ^ Baker, Rebecca. "Leonia councilman looking to resolve borough's feud with fire department", The Record (Bergen County), August 29, 2013. Accessed September 15, 2013. "Pasquale 'Pat' Fusco knew he would be stepping into the center of a controversy when he accepted an appointment to fill a newly vacant Borough Council seat this month.... Fusco agreed to replace Ik-Seong 'I.S.' Pak, who stepped down from the board in July, citing a 'dire personal situation' in his resignation letter."
  67. ^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  68. ^ 2015 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 60, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
  69. ^ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  70. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  71. ^ Biography, Congressman Bill Pascrell. Accessed January 3, 2019. "A native son of Paterson, N.J., Congressman Bill Pascrell, Jr. has built a life of public service upon the principles he learned while growing up on the south side of the Silk City."
  72. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  73. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/23/nyregion/george-helmy-bob-menendez-murphy.html
  74. ^ Tully, Tracey (August 23, 2024). "Menendez's Senate Replacement Has Been a Democrat for Just 5 Months". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  75. ^ Legislative Roster for District 37, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 20, 2024.
  76. ^ County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  77. ^ Vice Chairman Commissioner Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  78. ^ Commissioner Vice Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  79. ^ Commissioner Chair Pro Tempore Dr. Joan M. Voss, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  80. ^ Commissioner Mary J. Amoroso, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  81. ^ Cattafi, Kristie. "Democrats pick Bergenfield councilman to fill vacancy on Bergen County commissioners board", The Record, March 13, 2023. Accessed March 16, 2023. "A Democratic councilman from Bergenfield will be sworn in as a Bergen County commissioner Wednesday night, filling a vacancy on the governing body for almost 1 million residents. Rafael Marte will serve until Dec. 31, taking on the unexpired term left by former Commissioner Ramon Hache, a Democrat who resigned last week to lead the Ridgewood YMCA as its chief executive officer."
  82. ^ Commissioner Steven A. Tanelli, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  83. ^ Commissioner Tracy Silna Zur, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  84. ^ Board of County Commissioners, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  85. ^ 2022 County Data Sheet, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  86. ^ a b 2022 County and Municipal Directory, Bergen County, New Jersey, March 2022. Accessed January 30, 2023.
  87. ^ Bergen County November 8, 2022 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  88. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote November 2, 2021 Official results, Bergen County, New Jersey, updated November 17, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  89. ^ Precinct Summary Results Report - Combined 2020 Bergen County General Election - November 3, 2020 Official Results, Bergen County, New Jersey, December 3, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  90. ^ Bergen County November 5, 2019 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated December 10, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  91. ^ About the Clerk, Bergen County Clerk. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  92. ^ Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  93. ^ Sheriff Anthony Cureton, Bergen County Sheriff's Office. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  94. ^ Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  95. ^ Michael R. Dressler, Bergen County Surrogate's Court. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  96. ^ Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  97. ^ Constitutional Officers, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  98. ^ a b Voter Registration Summary - Bergen, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  99. ^ GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  100. ^ Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 13, 2013.
  101. ^ Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results - Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 13, 2013.
  102. ^ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  103. ^ 2008 General Election Results for Leonia, The Record (Bergen County). Accessed July 13, 2011.
  104. ^ 2004 Presidential Election: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  105. ^ "Governor - Bergen County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  106. ^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Bergen County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  107. ^ 2009 Governor: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  108. ^ Leonia Schools, Borough of Leonia. Accessed July 13, 2011.
  109. ^ Leonia Public Schools 2014 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 2, 2015. "We are a pre K-12 district employing over 300 professional educators and support personnel who serve 1840 students. Our community expands in grades 7-12 to include students from Edgewater. "
  110. ^ Leonia Schools at a glance, Leonia Public Schools. Accessed September 2, 2014. "Enrollment is 1827. Of this, 319 are Edgewater students in grades 7-12."
  111. ^ District information for Leonia School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 19, 2015.
  112. ^ School Data for the Leonia Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 19, 2015.
  113. ^ Anna C. Scott Elementary School, Leonia Public Schools. Accessed September 2, 2014.
  114. ^ Leonia Middle School, Leonia Public Schools. Accessed September 2, 2014.
  115. ^ Leonia High School, Leonia Public Schools. Accessed September 2, 2014.
  116. ^ Schools, Leonia Public Schools. Accessed September 2, 2014.
  117. ^ New Jersey School Directory for the Leonia Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed September 2, 2014.
  118. ^ About Us, Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  119. ^ Admissions, Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 9, 2013.
  120. ^ Saint John the Evangelist Church, Leonia - School Building, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed November 19, 2015.
  121. ^ Bergen County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed November 8, 2013.
  122. ^ Route 93 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, April 2008. Accessed November 9, 2013.
  123. ^ Interstate 95 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, October 2001. Accessed November 9, 2013.
  124. ^ U.S. Route 1 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, April 2010. Accessed November 9, 2013.
  125. ^ Enlarged View 2 (Leonia Borough, Fort Lee Borough and Englewood Cliffs Borough, Bergen County), New Jersey Department of Transportation, June 2009. Accessed November 9, 2013.
  126. ^ Routes by County: Bergen County, New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2011.
  127. ^ Available Schedules from Leonia, NJ to New York, NY, Rockland Coaches. Accessed December 13, 2013.
  128. ^ Staff. "Attend town hall meetings with the mayor",Leonia Life, November 27, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2011. "The focus of this first forum will be the New Jersey Transit Northern Branch Corridor Project. This initiative would return passenger rail service to Leonia and as proposed, the line would originate in Tenafly and end at the North Bergen Junction."
  129. ^ a b c d e f Cheslow, Jerry."Well-Read, Well-Shaded and Well-Placed", The New York Times, June 15, 1997. Accessed October 18, 2013. "Much later, its residents included five Nobel Prize winners, among them Enrico Fermi, one of the developers of the atomic bomb, and Willard Libby, who discovered radiocarbon dating; Sammy Davis Jr., Pat Boone and Alan Alda, the entertainers, and Robert Ludlum, the author."
  130. ^ Perrone, Fernanda. Inventory to the Papers of Robert Jackson Alexander, Rutgers University Libraries, April 2000. Accessed November 9, 2013. "Robert Jackson Alexander was born on November 26, 1918 in Canton, Ohio. He was the son of Ralph S. Alexander, an instructor and graduate student in economics, and Ruth Jackson Alexander. In 1922, the family moved to Leonia, New Jersey, five miles from New York City where R.S. Alexander had attained a teaching position at Columbia."
  131. ^ Nuccio, Sal. "Advertising: Role for Freddie Bartholomew", The New York Times, November 6, 1964. Accessed March 30, 2011. "He lives in Leonia, N. J., with his wife and three children 'in an old house we are all inordinately fond of.'"
  132. ^ Friedmann, Matt. "Jeff Bell, Republican U.S. Senate candidate from 1978, wants to challenge Booker", The Star-Ledger, February 4, 2014. Accessed August 13, 2014. "Bell, a 70-year-old conservative policy wonk who has lived in northern Virginia for the last 31 years, rented a home in Leonia today and said he plans to seek the state’s Republican nomination to challenge U.S. Sen. Cory Booker (D-N.J.) in November."
  133. ^ Staff. "Kings for A Day", The Boston Globe, June 16, 1958. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Singer Pat Boone and family leave Leonia, NJ home for church. Front, Cherry, 3 1/2; Debbie, 1 1/2, and Linda, 2 1/2."
  134. ^ Mack, Patricia. "THE COOK, THE THIEF...", The Record (Bergen County), October 25, 2000. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Anthony Bourdain, the Leonia native with the French-sounding name, took a leave from his job as executive chef at Brasserie Les Halles in New York City."
  135. ^ a b Almenas, Maxim. "Saying goodbye to David Boyd", The Record (Bergen County), March 4, 2010. Accessed January 3, 2012. "The tours usually ended at 112 Prospect St. — not just because it was Boyd's home, but because it's the oldest standing house in the entire Borough, built in 1760. Many Leonians have ventured to see the home, which is on the National Register of Historic Sites. 'His dad, Rutherford [Boyd], a prominent artist, was attracted to the area because of the network of artists that congregated here,' said son-in-law Bill Ziegler, referring to a time when Leonia was a thriving artist colony. 'He saw the property as he was walking through town one day and decided right then and there to buy it [in 1916].'"
  136. ^ Rutherford (John Rutherford) Boyd (1884 - 1951), AskArt.com. Accessed January 3, 2012. "Rutherford was born in Philadelphia and lived during his career in New York City, New Orleans where he was a sketch artist, and Leonia, New Jersey."
  137. ^ Beckerman, Jim. "PLAYING STRONG-WILLED WOMEN", The Record (Bergen County), March 31, 2002. Accessed May 27, 2008. "After starring in such New York shows as Kiss Me Kate, 1776, Parade, and City of Angels, Leonia resident Carolee Carmello wanted to do something closer to home."
  138. ^ Staff. "Charles S. Chapman, 83, Prize-Winning Artist, Dies", The New York Times, December 17, 1962. Accessed October 21, 2015. "Leonia, N.Y., [sic] Dec. 16 - Charles Shepard Chapman, an artist, teacher and academician of the American Academy of Design, died yesterday at his home on 156 Sylvan Avenue where he had lived and worked for 50 years."
  139. ^ Staff. "A New Species of Small Dinosaur Reported Found by Yale Curator", The New York Times, December 4, 1964. Accessed November 10, 2012. "Dr. Edwin H. Colbert, chairman of the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology at the American of Natural History , said tonight at his home in Leonia, N. J., that Dr. Ostrom's report was 'a very good one.'"
  140. ^ Elliot, Ann Brimacombe. Charming the Bones: A Portrait of Margaret Matthew Colbert. Kent State University Press, 2000. ISBN 0873386485. pp. 68–71. "Ned started to house hunt in Leonia. It took him several visits, but eventually he found a three-bedroom house on High Street for which the landlord was asking a monthly rent of fifty dollars."
  141. ^ Haramis, Nick. "Everything & Nothing: Dan Colen Reveals There Are Two Sides to Every Story", BlackBook (magazine), October 1, 2010. Accessed March 31, 2011."The 31-year-old artist was born in Leonia, New Jersey, where, as a teenager, he befriended photographer Ryan McGinley at their local skate park."
  142. ^ Whitney Biennial 2006 - Artists, Whitney Museum of Art. Accessed March 31, 2011. "Born 1979, Leonia, New Jersey; lives in New York, New York"
  143. ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine. "TALKING MONEY WITH: DR. ROBIN COOK; Prescription: Real Estate, And Lots of It", The New York Times, January 21, 1996. Accessed November 10, 2012. "Dr. Cook's fascination with real estate goes back to his childhood. He grew up in Queens, the son of an art director at an advertising agency who bought a photostat business. Money was usually tight, he said, though by the time he was 8 years old, the family had 'nudged its way into the middle class' and moved to Leonia, N.J."
  144. ^ Levin, Jay. "Sam Coppola, actor in films, TV, theater", The Record (Bergen County), February 7, 2012. Accessed November 9, 2013. "Character actor Sam Coppola of Leonia, who gave John Travolta sage but salty advice in the 1977 film classic Saturday Night Fever, died Sunday."
  145. ^ Who's Who in America 1966–1967 34th edition, Marquis Who's Who (Chicago, 1966), p. 490. "Home: ... Park Av., Leonia, N.J."
  146. ^ Staff. "Dorothy Dinnerstein; Feminist Writer Was 69", The New York Times, December 19, 1992. Accessed May 10, 2012. "Dr. Dorothy Dinnerstein, a feminist author and professor emeritus of psychology at Rutgers University-Newark, died on Thursday in Englewood, N.J. She was 69 and lived in Leonia."
  147. ^ Duncan (Acheson J.) 1904–1994 Papers (1936–1985) Milton S. Eisenhower Library at Johns Hopkins University. Accessed November 9, 2013. "Acheson J. Duncan was born September 24, 1904 in Leonia, New Jersey."
  148. ^ Feldberg, Robert. "My oh my oh, he's come a ways", The Record (Bergen County), November 23, 2003. Accessed March 31, 2011. "When it was announced Gregg Edelman would be in the cast of the Broadway production of Wonderful Town - which opens tonight at the Al Hirschfeld Theater - it hardly registered as a surprise. That's because Edelman, who lives with his family in Leonia, is a hardy perennial on Broadway."
  149. ^ "HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS GET THE BIG PICTURE ON MODELING", The Record (Bergen County), September 12, 1997. "Emme, the world's leading full-figured model and a resident of Leonia, was the star..."
  150. ^ Strauss, Robert. "Somebody Big Slept Here", The New York Times, March 28, 2004. Accessed March 30, 2011. "From 1940 to 1946, the nuclear physics pioneer Enrico Fermi (and winner of a Nobel Prize) lived at 382 Summit Avenue in Leonia. For the past 24 years, George and Jean Flynn, who both teach at Columbia University, as did Fermi, have lived in the house. Though they have lived there four times longer than the Fermis, they are still comfortable with it being called the Fermi House in the neighborhood. "
  151. ^ a b c Staff. "3 Nobel Winners for Town", The New York Times, November 4, 1960. Accessed March 30, 2011.
  152. ^ Staff. "COMEDIAN BUYS HOME; Buddy Hackett New Owner of Anastasia House in Fort Lee", The New York Times, August 30, 1958. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Mr. Hackett lives at 581 Nordhoff Drive, Leonia. He intends to take possession as soon as improvements are completed. The house was built in 1945 by Anastasia at a cost said to be $100,000."
  153. ^ Marvin Harris, Cultural Materialism. Accessed May 27, 2008. "Throughout the 1960s and 1970s Harris and his family lived in Leonia, New Jersey, which borders Fort Lee, right across the Hudson River from upper Manhattan."
  154. ^ Jackson, Herb. "From Estonia to Leonia", The Record (Bergen County), April 23, 2008. Accessed March 30, 2011. Copy of article at the official website of the President of Estonia. "Leonia High School helped make the Baltic Sea nation of Estonia one of the most Internet-reliant in the world, Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves says. How? By including Ilves, who grew up in Leonia, in an experimental four-year math program that featured computer programming."
  155. ^ Adamek, Steve; and Iannazzone, Al. "Lakers Notebook", The Record (Bergen County), June 5, 2002. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Phil Jackson's memories of New Jersey are fond and forgetful. He finished his playing career with the Nets when they played their home games at Rutgers, about an hour trip from where he lived in Leonia."
  156. ^ Klapisch, Bob. "Leonia's Marvin Kitman recalls his days as a media critic" The Record. November 11, 2013. "Even though Kitman has been a Leonia resident since 1961 ..."
  157. ^ Bob Klapisch profile, The Record (Bergen County). Accessed July 14, 2007. "Robert Salvador Klapisch was born in New York City and grew up in Leonia. He is a graduate of Leonia H.S., where he played baseball, and Columbia University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in political science."
  158. ^ Levin, Jay. "Dick Kryhoski, 82; Leonia's man in Yankee pinstripes", The Record (Bergen County), April 19, 2007. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Exactly 16,477 men have played major-league baseball as of this week, according to Baseball-Reference.com. Just one of them — Dick Kryhoski — came from Leonia."
  159. ^ Levin, Jay. "Their lives made ours a little richer", The Record (Bergen County), January 1, 2008, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 19, 2008. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Dick Kryhoski, 82, on April 10. The only Leonia native to make it to the big leagues, Kryhoski played first base for the world champion '49 Yankees."
  160. ^ Rourke, Mary. "Harold Lehman, 92; Influential Muralist, Active Artist in the Post-Surrealist Movement", Los Angeles Times, April 12, 2006. Accessed July 13, 2011. "Harold Lehman, an artist who worked with Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros in Los Angeles in the early 1930s and became a member of the Post-Surrealist art movement in Southern California, died April 2. He was 92. He died of natural causes in his home in Leonia, N.J., according to Roger van Oosten, a friend."
  161. ^ Harold Lehman Biography: 1950 to 2000, HaroldLehman.com. Accessed July 13, 2011. "From 1945 until the early 1960s Lehman lived in a loft on West 21st Street in New York. In 1950, Lehman met Leona Koutras who had come to the studio for art lessons. Two years later they married. Lehman moved with Lee from his studio in New York to Fort Lee and later to Leonia, New Jersey. In the ensuing years they had two children: Lisa and Harold."
  162. ^ Klemsrud, Judy. "Behind the Best Sellers: Robert Ludlum", The New York Times, July 10, 1977. Accessed March 30, 2011. "He writes for six or seven hours in an office in his house in Leonia."
  163. ^ Philip Maneval, Theodore Presser Company. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Born in Leonia, in northern New Jersey, Mr. Maneval received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied composition with Richard Wernick, George Crumb and George Rochberg."
  164. ^ Jackson, Kenneth T.; Markoe, Karen; and Markoe, Arnie. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: 1994-1996, p. 352. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2000. ISBN 0-684-80644-4. Accessed September 19, 2011. "She attended Leonia High School in New Jersey for one year, then entered the Metropolitan Opera School of Ballet in New York City."
  165. ^ Staff. "JOHN M'CLOY WON TWO HONOR MEDALS; Retired Naval Hero Dies in Jersey--Cited for Deeds in China, at Vera Cruz Served on U.S.S. Newark In North Sea Patrol", The New York Times, May 26, 1945. Accessed March 30, 2011. "LEONIA, N.J., May 25--Lieut. Comdr. John McCloy, USN, retired, one of the few men to win two Congressional Medals of Honor, and a holder also of the Navy Cross, was found dead in bed today by his housekeeper at his home here."
  166. ^ Morley, Hugh R. "ROBERT `BOB' MCFADDEN; VOICE OF TV COMMERCIALS", The Record (Bergen County), January 10, 2000. Accessed March 31, 2011. "Robert 'Bob' McFadden, a former Leonia resident and show business stalwart who made his name doing radio and television voice-overs and impressions of famous people, died Friday, his family said. He was 76."
  167. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang. "Boris G. Moishezon, Columbia Professor Of Math, Dies at 55", The New York Times, August 27, 1993. Accessed September 13, 2011. "Boris G. Moishezon, a mathematics professor at Columbia University who defected from the Soviet Union in 1972 and came to the United States five years later, died Wednesday. He was 55 and lived in Leonia, N.J. Dr. Moishezon had a heart attack while jogging and was pronounced dead in Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, N.J., said his wife, Natalia."
  168. ^ Staff. "GEN. J. VREELAND MOORE DEAD.; First Colonel of the Old Second New Jersey Regiment--Long in the National Guard.", The New York Times, July 9, 1903. Accessed November 9, 2013. "J. Vreeland Moore died yesterday at Leonia, in his seventy-ninth year. He had been ill about three weeks."
  169. ^ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Robert F. Murphy, 66, Professor Of Anthropology and an Author", The New York Times, October 11, 1990. Accessed May 9, 2012. "Robert Francis Murphy, a professor of anthropology at Columbia University, died on Monday at his home in Leonia, N.J."
  170. ^ Pearce, Jeremy. "Norman Newell, 96, Scientist Who Studied Dying Species, Has Died", The New York Times, April 23, 2005. Accessed May 10, 2012. "Dr. Norman D. Newell, an influential paleontologist who challenged opponents of evolutionary theory and helped shape theories explaining the mass extinctions of species, died on Monday at his home in Leonia, N.J., his family said. He was 96."
  171. ^ Staff. "James Noble: A Relaxed and Clever Actor", The Daily Union Democrat, February 27, 1980. Accessed March 30, 2011. "But the family still is in the process of becoming accustomed to living in California after moving from their permanent home in Leonia, N.J., which they've rented out."
  172. ^ Filichia, Peter. "N.J. STAGE; Actress singing for joy at the Paper Mill.", The Star-Ledger, April 14, 2000. p. 23. "For Christiane Noll, performing in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of 'The Student Prince' is a homecoming beyond the usual definition. Growing up in Bergen County, she played Mrs. Barnum in a Leonia Middle School production of 'Barnum' and was a Jet girl in a Leonia High School staging of 'West Side Story.'"
  173. ^ Spelling, Ian. "Not Afraid of the Stage: Christiane Noll, former Leonia resident, is the Consummate Professional", (201) magazine, May 1, 2010. Accessed March 30, 2011. "'Leonia was a wonderful little town. They always call it a bedroom community; lots of professionals, artists, teachers and musicians. A lot of the people work in New York City, but want a small-town atmosphere and a house with a yard and trees.'"
  174. ^ Frank Charles Osmers, Jr., Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed June 24, 2007.
  175. ^ Roura, Phil. "Carmel Quinn Hits The Eire Notes", Daily News (New York), March 15, 1998. Accessed March 30, 2011. "Separated from her husband for the last 23 years, Quinn lives quietly in her suburban Leonia home 'The first and only house I've lived in since coming to America.'"
  176. ^ Connor, Erinn. "Leonia native explores the delicate relationship between three sisters in The Pretty One", The Record (Bergen County), February 4, 2013. Accessed February 4, 2013. "Q. What was it like growing up in Leonia? [A] I had a pretty happy childhood, based on my memories."
  177. ^ " Leonia man wins chair at Columbia", The Record (Bergen County), November 9, 1973, p. C2. "Warner R. Schilling of ... Park Ave. has been named James T. Shotwell Professor of International Relations at Columbia University."
  178. ^ Pro football, The Record (Bergen County), September 14, 2003. Accessed November 1, 2007.
  179. ^ Staff. "UD Announces Star-Studded Athletics Hall of Fame Induction Class", WBOC-TV, October 1, 2009. Accessed January 3, 2012. "An elusive running back for head coach Tubby Raymond's powerhouse Blue Hen football teams in 1976-78, Ivory Sully followed a spectacular college career at UD with a solid nine-year tenure in the National Football League that included playing in Super Bowl XIX. A native of Leonia, N.J., Ivory was a three-year standout in the UD backfield..."
  180. ^ Holden, Stephen. "The Pop Life", The New York Times, October 31, 1990. Accessed January 3, 2012. "The singer, who lives in northern New Jersey, was born in Boston, lived in Leonia, N.J., for several years, then moved to Goshen, N.Y., and went to high school in Mount Vernon, N.Y."
  181. ^ "WALBRIDGE, Henry Sanford, (1801 - 1869)", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed November 9, 2013.
  182. ^ Kozinn, Allan. "Lyndon Woodside, 70, Leader Of Oratorio Society, Is Dead", The New York Times, August 26, 2005. Accessed May 9, 2012. "Lyndon Woodside, a choral conductor who for more than three decades led one of New York City's oldest and largest choruses, the Oratorio Society of New York, died on Tuesday in Engelwood [sic], N.J. He was 70 and lived in Leonia, N.J."

Sources

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