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List of GM transmissions

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General Motors (GM) is an American car manufacturing company. It manufactures its own automobile transmissions and only purchases from suppliers in individual cases. They may be used in passenger cars and SUVs, or light commercial vehicles such as vans and light trucks.

Basically there are two types of motor vehicle transmissions:

  • Manual – the driver has to perform each gear change using a manually operated clutch
  • Automatic – once placed in drive (or any other 'automatic' selector position), it automatically selects the gear ratio dependent on engine speed and load

Basically there are two types of engine installation:

  • In the longitudinal direction, the gearbox is usually designed separately from the final drive (including the differential). The transaxle configuration combines the gearbox and final drive in one housing and is only built in individual cases
  • In the transverse direction, the gearbox and final drive are very often combined in one housing due to the much more restricted space available

Every type of transmission occurs in every type of installation.

Automatic transmissions

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Early models

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GM's Automatic Safety Transmission (AST) was a semi-automatic transmission released in 1937. The first mass-produced fully-automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use was the GM Hydramatic introduced in 1940.[1] The Hydramatic was a big success, and had been installed in the majority of GM models by 1950. Throughout the 1950s, all GM Marques continued developing automatic transmission designs, both jointly and independently. Early models included:

Turbo-Hydramatic 3-speed Automatics

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Introduced in 1964, Turbo-Hydramatic use quickly spread across all GM divisions, and they became referred to simply as Hydramatics (like GM's original automatic of totally different design), except for the Super Turbine 400 model. By the 1970s, Turbo-Hydramatic variants had replaced all of GM's early automatic transmission designs. In Argentina, the Turbo Hydra-Matic was marketed as the "Chevromatic" in the 1970s. Starting in the early 1980s, the Turbo-Hydramatic was gradually supplanted by four-speed automatics, some of which continue to use the "Hydramatic" trade name.

Originally a medium-duty longitudinal rear-wheel drive design, other variants were later developed, including both light-duty and heavy-duty RWD versions, and both longitudinal and transverse front-wheel drive versions.

Medium-duty rear wheel drive
Heavy-duty rear wheel drive
  • 1971–1994 3L80HD (heavy duty version of TH400)
Light-duty rear wheel drive
Longitudinal front wheel drive
  • 1966–1978 TH425 — 3-speed
  • 1979–1981 TH325 — 3-speed
  • 1982–1985 TH325-4L — 4-speed
Transverse front wheel drive

Turbo-Hydramatic Model Designations

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Initially, models were designated with the letters TH/THM/ST followed by the series/version number. In 1987, GM switched to a simpler naming scheme for their transmissions (Example: 4L80E)

# Forward Gears Orientation GVWR Rating Suffix
3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10 L = Longitudinal
T = Transverse		 ## E = Electronic
HD = Heavy Duty

Electronic Hydra-Matics

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The next-generation transmissions, introduced in the early 1990s, were the electronic Hydra-Matics, still based on the Turbo-Hydramatic design. Most early electronic transmissions use the "-E" designator to differentiate them from their non-electronic cousins, but this has been dropped on transmissions with no mechanical version like the new GM 6L transmission.

First-generation longitudinal (Rear Wheel drive)
  • 1991–2001 4L30-E — 4-speed light-duty (used in BMW, Cadillac, Isuzu, and Opel cars)
  • 1992– 4L60-E/4L65-E — 4-speed medium-duty (used in GM trucks and rear-wheel-drive cars)
  • 1991– 4L80-E/4L85-E — 4-speed heavy-duty (used in GM trucks)
First-generation transverse (Front Wheel drive)
  • 1995–2010 4T40-E/4T45-E — 4-speed light-duty (used in smaller front wheel drive GM vehicles)
  • 1991–2010 4T60-E/4T65-E/4T65E-HD — 4-speed medium-duty (used in larger front wheel drive GM vehicles)
  • 1993–2010 4T80-E — 4-speed heavy-duty (used in large FWD GM vehicles, only with Cadillac NorthStar V8 and Related Oldsmobile V8)
Second-generation longitudinal (Rear Wheel drive)
Second-generation transverse (Front Wheel drive)

Hybrid and PHEV

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Other automatics

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Manual transmissions

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Longitudinal transmissions

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Transverse Transmissions

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  • F23 — 5-speed transverse manual manufactured by Getrag
  • F25 — 5-speed transverse manual manufactured by Getrag
  • M17 — 4-speed transverse manual manufactured by Muncie
  • F35 — 5-speed transverse manual manufactured by Saab in Gothenburg, Sweden
  • F40 — 6-speed transverse manual manufactured by FGP Germany
  • Getrag 282 — 5-speed transverse manual designed by Getrag and manufactured by Muncie Getrag
  • Getrag 284 — 5-speed transverse manual designed by Getrag and manufactured by Muncie Getrag
  • M32 — 6-speed transverse manual manufactured by Fiat-GM Powertrain in Turin, Italy since 2004
  • MP2/MP3 — 5-speed manual developed by Saturn for use in the S-Series from 1991 to 2002

References

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  1. ^ "Hydra-Matic History: The First Automatic Transmission". Ate Up With Motor. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  2. ^ Panait, Mircea. "GM Hydra-Matic 9T50 Transmission Confirmed for Chevrolet Cruze, Malibu, Equinox". autoevolution. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
  3. ^ Colonna, Wayne (February 1, 2010). "GM's 2ML70 Hybrid Two-Mode Transmission". Transmission Digest. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  4. ^ Colonna, Wayne (June 1, 2010). "GM's Hybrid Two-Mode 2MT70 Transmission, Part 1". Transmission Digest. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  5. ^ Rosebro, Jack (9 May 2009). "GM Previews First Two-Mode, Front-Wheel-Drive Hybrid Transaxle". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  6. ^ Hendrickson, James; Holmes, Alan G.; Freiman, David (2009). General Motors Front Wheel Drive Two-Mode Hybrid Transmission. SAE World Congress & Exhibition. doi:10.4271/2009-01-0508.
  7. ^ Miller, Michael A.; Holmes, Alan G.; Conlon, Brendan M.; Savagian, Peter J. (2011). "The GM 'Voltec' 4ET50 Multi-Mode Electric Transaxle". SAE International Journal of Engines. 4 (1): 1102–1114. doi:10.4271/2011-01-0887.
  8. ^ Garrett, Steve (June 6, 2017). "Tackling a 4ET50 Hybrid". Gears. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  9. ^ Conlon, Brendan M.; Blohm, Trevor; Harpster, Michael; Holmes, Alan G.; Palardy, Margaret; Tarnowsky, Steven; Zhou, Leon (2015). "The Next Generation 'Voltec' Extended Range EV Propulsion System". SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains. 4 (2): 248–259. doi:10.4271/2015-01-1152.
  10. ^ a b "GM Service Insights, pg 23" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  11. ^ "Preliminary Information Bulletin PIP5390E Malibu 5ET50 (MKE) Hybrid Transmission Restriction Program" (PDF). General Motors. September 18, 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Cadillac CT6 PLUG-IN Delivers Efficient Performance" (PDF). TechLink. Vol. 19, no. 9. General Motors Customer Care and Aftersales. May 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
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