List of chemical compounds with unusual names

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Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with complex names, is a repository for some very peculiar and sometimes startling names. A browse through the Physical Constants of Organic Compounds in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (a fundamental resource) will reveal not just the whimsical work of chemists, but the sometimes peculiar compound names that occur as the consequence of simple juxtaposition. Some names derive legitimately from their chemical makeup, from the geographic region where they may be found, the plant or animal species from which they are isolated or the name of the discoverer.

Some are given intentionally unusual trivial names based on their structure, a notable property or at the whim of those who first isolate them. However, many trivial names predate formal naming conventions. Trivial names can also be ambiguous or carry different meanings in different industries, geographic regions and languages.

Godly noted that "Trivial names having the status of INN or ISO are carefully tailor-made for their field of use and are internationally accepted".[1] In his preface to Chemical Nomenclature, Thurlow wrote that "Chemical names do not have to be deadly serious".[2] A website in existence since 1997[3] and maintained at the University of Bristol lists a selection of "molecules with silly or unusual names" strictly for entertainment. These so-called silly or funny trivial names (of course depending on culture) can also serve an educational purpose. In an article in the Journal of Chemical Education, Dennis Ryan argues that students of organic nomenclature (considered a "dry and boring" subject) may actually take an interest in it when tasked with the job of converting funny-sounding chemical trivial names to their proper systematic names.[4]

The collection listed below presents a sample of trivial names and gives an idea how chemists are inspired when they coin a brand new name for a chemical compound outside of systematic naming. It also includes some examples of systematic names and acronyms that accidentally resemble English words.

Elements

Glenn Seaborg told his students that he proposed the chemical symbol Pu (from P U) instead of the conventional "Pl" for plutonium as a joke, only to find it officially adopted.[5] Unununium (Uuu) was the former temporary name of the chemical element number 111, a synthetic transuranium element. This element was named roentgenium (Rg) in November 2004.

Compounds

Name based on shape

Barrelene
Barrelene
Barrelene
(C8H8), the name derives from the resemblance to a barrel.[6]
Basketane
Basketane
Basketane
(pentacyclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]decane) (C10H12), a polycyclic alkane with a structure similar to a basket.[3]
Cubane
Cubane
Cubane
A hydrocarbon whose eight carbon atoms occupy the vertices of a cube.[7]
Dodecahedrane
Dodecahedrane
Dodecahedrane
A Platonic hydrocarbon shaped like a dodecahedron.[8]
Fenestrane
Fenestranes
Fenestranes
A class of compounds with a "window pane motif" (the name fenestrane derives from the Latin word fenestra, meaning window), comprising four fused carbocycles centred on a quaternary carbon resulting a twice over spiro compound. The illustration at right shows a generic fenestrane as well as the specific examples [4,4,4,4]fenestrane and [5,5,5,5]fenestrane. Fenestranes are of considerable interest in theoretical chemistry though comparatively few have actually been synthesised.
Housane
A polycyclic alkane named "housane" because it looks superficially like a house.[3]
Ladderane
Pentacycloanammoxic Acid
Pentacycloanammoxic Acid
An organic molecule that looks like a ladder because it contains two or more fused rings of cyclobutane.
Olympiadane
Olympiadane
Olympiadane
A mechanically-interlocked compound based on the topology for the Olympic rings.
Olympicene
Olympicene
Olympicene
Refers to the fused 5-benzene rings (C19H12), which is reminiscent of the Olympic Flag.[9]
Penguinone
Penguinone
Penguinone
3,4,4,5-tetramethylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone; a two-dimensional representation of its structure resembles a penguin.
Prismane
Prismane
Prismane
An isomer of benzene with the carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a triangular prism.
Quadratic acid
Squaric acid
Squaric acid
A square-shaped organic compound, also called squaric acid.
Sulflower
Sulflower
Sulflower
A stable heterocyclic octacirculene based on thiophene, named as a portmanteau of sulfur and sunflower.
Tetrahedrane
Tetrahedrane
Tetrahedrane
A Platonic hydrocarbon shaped like a tetrahedron.

Named after people

Buckminsterfullerene (Fullerene)
Fullerene
Fullerene
Also called the buckyball, this is an allotrope of carbon named after Richard Buckminister Fuller due to its resemblance to Fuller's geodesic domes. The term was coined by Harold Kroto.[10] The alternative name Footballene was coined by A.D.J. Haymet[11] because the molecule also resembles a football[3] - the 70-atom version is said to resemble a rugby ball from its own oval shape.
Bullvalene
Bullvalene C10H10
Bullvalene C10H10
(tricyclo[3.3.2.02,8]deca-3,6,9-triene) (C10H10), was named by organic chemist Maitland Jones Jr. for William "Bull" Doering who predicted its properties in 1963.[12][13] Within a specific temperature range the molecule is subject to rapid degenerate Cope rearrangements with the result that all carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are equivalent and that none of the carbon–carbon bonds is permanent.
Dickite (Al2Si2O5(Template:Hydroxide)4), a clay-like material with a number of manufacturing uses, one of which is as a coating for high-quality bond paper. It is named after its discoverer, Allan Brugh Dick.[14]
Josiphos ligands A well-known catalyst, named after Josi Puleo, the technician who first prepared it.[15] Mandyphos and Taniaphos also exist.

Named after fictional characters

Alcindoromycine An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Alcindoro in La Bohème.[16]
Bohemamine An anti-tumour agent named after the Puccini opera La Bohème.[16]
Collinemycin An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Colline in La Bohème.[16]
Ranasmurfin A blue protein from the foam nests of a tropical frog, named after the Smurfs.
Mimimycin An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Mimì in La Bohème.[16]
Musettamycin An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Musetta in La Bohème.[16]
Marcellomycin An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Marcello in La Bohème.[16]
Pikachurin A retinal protein named after Pokémon character / species Pikachu
Rudolphomycin An anthracycline antibiotic agent named after the character Rodolfo (Rudolph) in La Bohème.[16][17]
Sonic hedgehog A protein named after Sonic the Hedgehog

Sounding like vulgarisms

Arsole
Arsole
Arsole
(C4H5As), an analogue of pyrrole in which an arsenic atom replaces the nitrogen atom.[18] The aromaticity of arsoles has been debated for many years.[19] The compound in which a benzene ring is fused to arsole — typically on the carbon atoms 3 and 4 — is known as benzarsole.[3]
Bastardane A close relative to adamantane and its proper name is ethano-bridged noradamantane. Because its unusual ethano-bridge was a deviation from the standard hydrocarbon caged rearrangements, it came to be known as bastardane—the unwanted child.[3][20]
Crapinon An anticholinergic drug, one side effect of which is constipation.[3]
Cummingtonite ((Mg,Fe)7Si8(Template:Hydroxide)22), a magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, first identified in Cummington, Massachusetts.[3]
DAMN
Diaminomaleonitrile, a cyanocarbon that contains two amine groups and two nitrile groups bound to an ethylene backbone.
DuPhos
DuPhos
DuPhos
A class of asymmetric ligands for asymmetric synthesis. The name DuPhos is derived from the chemical company that developed this type of ligand (DuP, DuPont) and the compound class of phospholanes (Phos) it belongs to.
Earthcide,
or Fartox		 Some of the many names for pentachloronitrobenzene, a fungicide.[21]
Fucitol
L-Fucitol
L-Fucitol
(C6H14O5), an alcohol derived from Fucus vesiculosus, a North Atlantic seaweed. Its optical isomers are also called D-fuc-ol and L-fuc-ol.[3]
fucK The name of the gene that encodes L-fuculokinase, an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction between L-fuculose, ADP, and L-fuculose-1-phosphate.[3]
Fukalite (Ca4Si2O6(Template:Carbonate)(Template:Hydroxide, F))2, a rare form of calcium silicocarbonate discovered in the Fuka Mine of Takahashi, Japan.[3]
Pizda
Pizda
Pizda
Abbreviated ligand name of a substance 1-(2’’-hydroxyl cyclohexyl)-3-[aminopropyl]-4-[3’-aminopropyl] piperazine, first synthesized by a group of Australian chemists. In some Slavic countries, the word pizda is a vulgarism for "vagina" (see Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pizda).
Ru(Tris)BiPy-on-a-stick Shorthand form of (trans-1,4-bis[(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene)(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II).[22]

Related to sex

Fornacite A rare lead, copper chromate arsenate hydroxide mineral (Pb2CuCrO4AsO4OH), named after its discoverer, Lucien Lewis Forneau.[3]
Orotic acid
Orotic acid
Orotic acid
Pyrimidinecarboxylic acid has been referred to as vitamin B13. Often misspelled "erotic acid".[3]
Rhamnetin
Rhamnetin
Rhamnetin
A flavonol dye derived from buckthorn (rhamnus).[23]
SEX An abbreviation of sodium ethyl xanthate,[24] a flotation agent used in the mining industry.
Spermine,
Spermidine,
or polyamine
Spermine
Spermine
Spermidine
Spermidine
growth factors involved in cellular metabolism.[3]

Related to bodily functions

BARF
BARF
BARF
(tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), a fluoroaryl borate B(Ar(CF3)2)4−, used as a non-coordinating anion[25]
catP The name of the enzyme responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in various species of bacteria.
Constipatic acid
Constipatic acid
Constipatic acid
[2-(14-hydroxypentadecyl)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid], an aliphatic acid derived from the Australian Xanthoparmelia lichen.[3][26]
dUMP
dUMP
dUMP
Deoxyuridine monophosphate, an intermediate in nucleotide metabolism
Nonanal
Nonanal
Nonanal
(C9H18O), an aldehyde derived from nonane.
PoO Chemical formula of polonium monoxide.
Uranate The chemical term for an oxyanion of the element uranium.[3]
Uranocene
Uranocene
Uranocene
U(C8H8)2, a uranium sandwich compound similar to ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) with two co-ordinating aromatic and anionic cyclooctatetraenide rings sandwiching the U atom (formally in its +IV oxidation state).
Vomitoxin
Vomitoxin
Vomitoxin
A mycotoxin occurring in grains.[3]

Related to death and decay

Cadaverine
Cadaverine
Cadaverine
A foul-smelling diamine produced by putrefaction of dead animal tissue.[3][27]
DEAD, DEADCAT
DEAD
DEAD
Diethyl azodicarboxylate: An apt acronym, given that diethyl azodicarboxylate is explosive; shock sensitive; carcinogenic; and an eye, skin, and respiratory irritant.[3]
Putrescine
Putrescine
Putrescine
A foul-smelling diamine produced by the putrefaction of dead animal tissue.[3]

Related to religion or legend

Angelic acid
Angelic acid
Angelic acid
An organic acid found in garden angelica (Angelica archangelica), Umbelliferae, and many other plants.
Diabolic acid A series of long-chain dicarboxylic acids with chains of different lengths. Named after the Greek word diabollo meaning to mislead.[28]
Draculin
Draculin
Draculin
An anticoagulant found in the saliva of vampire bats.[29]
Miraculin A glycoprotein found in Miracle Fruit that makes sour foods taste sweet after contact with taste buds.[30]

Sounds like a name (person, brand or organization)

Adamantane
Adamantane
Adamantane
(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), a crystalline cycloalkane,[31][32] an isomer of twistane. Name resembles that of English pop star Adam Ant.[3]
Irene Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature for a monocyclic, heterocyclic compound with three ring atoms.[33]
Naftazone (C11H9N3O2), a vasoprotective drug. The NAFTA free-trade zone is the area covered by the North American Free Trade Agreement.[34]
PEPPSI Pyridine-Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation.[35]

A part sounds like an English word

Bongkrek acid
Bongkrek acid
Bongkrek acid
Name sounds like a combination of English words related to recreational drugs: bong; crack, a preparation of cocaine; and acid, a street name for lysergic acid diethylamide.
Complicatic acid A sesquiterpenoid antibiotic derived from Stereum complicatum, this is also known as dehydrohirsutic acid.[36]
Germane
Germane
Germane
The simplest hydride of germanium, analogous to methane and silane.
Germanic acid (Ge(OH)4), the hydrated form of germanium dioxide
HeH+
Helium hydride ion
Helium hydride ion
Chemical formula of the helium hydride ion, a polyatomic ion containing the noble gas helium.[37]
Hirsutene
Hirsutene
Hirsutene
[38][39] Is also named after an animal, a goat (Hircus).
Jesterone A ketone with molecular formula C15H20O4 derived from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis jesteri.[40]
Magic acid A superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5).
Megaphone A ketone derived from the root of Aniba megaphylla.[41]
Moronic acid
Moronic acid
Moronic acid
[3-oxoolean-18-en-28-oic acid], a natural triterpene
Mucic acid
Mucic acid
Mucic acid
A product of nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose-containing compounds
Muscovite
Muscovite crystals
Muscovite crystals
A phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium.
Noggin A signalling protein involved in embryonic development.
Performic acid A strongly oxidizing acid related to formic acid.
Periodic acid
Periodic acid
Periodic acid
Or per-iodic acid, is pronounced /ˌpɜːraɪˈɒdɪk/ PURR-eye-OD-ik and not */ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪk/ PEER-ee-OD-ik. It refers to one of two interconvertible species: HIO4 (metaperiodic acid), or H5IO6 (orthoperiodic acid – illustrated at right). The per- prefix in the name denotes that iodine is present in its highest possible (+VII) oxidation state.
Picket Fence Porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(alpha,alpha,alpha-2-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin), used to model heme enzyme active sites.
Piranha solution A strongly oxidizing mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid used to remove organic residues from substrates and glassware. The name refers to the voracious appetite of the Amazonian piranha fish.
Psicose
Psicose
Psicose
(C6H12O6), a rare low-calorie sugar that provides 0.3% as much energy as sucrose.
Rednose A sugar derived from the degradation of rudolphomycin.[16]
Rhamnose
Rhamnose
Rhamnose
A sugar naturally occurring in buckthorn (rhamnus).
Sillimanite Aluminium silicate polymorph, sounds like "Silly man-ite"
Titanic acid The hydrated form of titanium dioxide.
Traumatic acid
Traumatic acid
Traumatic acid
A substance occurring in plants, with a role in healing damaged tissue.

Named after geographic regions

Sydnone A heterocyclic compound named after the city of Sydney, Australia.
Sydnone parent compound
Sydnone parent compound
Münchnone A heterocyclic compound named after the city of Munich, Germany.
Munchnone parent compound
Munchnone parent compound
Montréalone A heterocyclic compound named after the city of Montreal, Canada.
Montrealone parent compound
Montrealone parent compound
Mogone[42] A heterocyclic compound named after the city of Mainz, Germany.
Mogone parent compound
Mogone parent compound
Montelukast A drug named after the city of Montreal, Canada.
Structure of Singulair
Structure of Singulair
Quebecol A natural product derived from maple syrup and named after the province of Quebec, Canada.
Structure of Quebecol
Structure of Quebecol
Palau'amine Named after Palau.
Structure of palau'amine
Structure of palau'amine

Other

Carbonite (CO22−), an unstable anion and carbene derived from carbonous acid.[citation needed]
Dinocap
Dinocap
Dinocap
(C18H24N2O6), a miticide and contact fungicide used to control powdery mildew in crops.
Fluoboric acid
Fluoboric acid
Fluoboric acid
(HBF4), tetrafluoroborate or tetrafluoroboric acid.[citation needed]
Homocubane Any molecule synthesized from cubane.
Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl...isoleucine The IUPAC name for Titin. This is the largest known protein and so has the longest chemical name. Written in full, it contains 189,819 letters.[43]
Periplanone B
Periplanone B
Periplanone B
A pheromone of the female American cockroach. Named after the scientific name of this species, Periplaneta americana, not because of periplanarity.[citation needed]
Thebacon
Thebacon
Thebacon
Dihydrocodeinone enol acetate, an opioid analgesic or antitussive. [citation needed]
FOOF
Dioxygen difluoride, O2F2, an extremely unstable compound which reacts explosively with most other substances – the nickname "FOOF" is a play on its formula.[citation needed]
Furfural
Furfural
Furfural
Furfural is an industrial chemical compound derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat and wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source.[3]
Gossypol
Gossypol
Gossypol
A toxin found in cottonseed used as a male oral contraceptive.[3]
HArF
Argon fluorohydride
Argon fluorohydride
chemical formula of argon fluorohydride, the only known neutral compound of the noble gas argon.[44]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Godly, E.W. (1998). Chemical Nomenclature. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 20. ISBN 0-7514-0475-6.
  2. ^ Thurlow, Kevin (1998). Chemical Nomenclature. Kluwer Academic Publishers. xii. ISBN 0-7514-0475-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w May, Paul (28 May 2013). "Molecules with Silly or Unusual Names". Bristol University. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  4. ^ Ryan, Dennis (1997). "Old MacDonald Named a Compound: Branched Enynenynols" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 74 (7): 782. Bibcode:1997JChEd..74..782R. doi:10.1021/ed074p782. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  5. ^ Glenn T. Seaborg, Citizen-Scholar, By Peggy House, Reprinted from The Seaborg Center Bulletin, April 1999
  6. ^ Zimmerman, Howard E.;; Robert M. Paufler. "Bicyclo [2.2.2]octa-2,5,7-triene (barrelene), a unique cyclic six electron pi system". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (6): 1514–1515. doi:10.1021/ja01491a071.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Verbrugge, P. A. (1977). "Unusual organic compounds. XXIV. Compounds with the formula (CH)n. (d). Synthesis of cubane, (CH)8; homocubanes". Chemie en Techniek (Amsterdam). 32 (4): 120–123.
  8. ^ Pubchem. "Dodecahedrane". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  9. ^ "'Olympic rings' molecule olympicene in striking image". BBC Online. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  10. ^ Kroto, H.W.; Heath, J.R.; O'Brien, S.C.; Curl, R.F.; Smalley, R.E. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature. 318 (6042): 162. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..162K. doi:10.1038/318162a0.
  11. ^ Haymet, A.D.J. (1986). "Footballene: a theoretical prediction for the stable, truncated icosahedral molecule C60". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108: 319. doi:10.1021/ja00262a035.
  12. ^ Doering, W. von E.; Roth, W. R. (1963). "A Rapidly Reversible Degenerate Cope Rearrangement : Bicyclo[5.1.0]octa-2,5-diene". Tetrahedron. 19 (5): 715–737. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)99207-5.
  13. ^ Ault, Addison (2001). "The Bullvalene Story. The Conception of Bullvalene, a Molecule That Has No Permanent Structure". J. Chem. Educ. 78 (7): 924. Bibcode:2001JChEd..78..924A. doi:10.1021/ed078p924. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Ross, C.; Kerr, P.F. (1931). "Dickite, a Kaolin Mineral" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 15: 34–39.
  15. ^ Blaser, Hans-Ulrich; Brieden, Walter; Pugin, Benoit; Spindler, Felix; Studer, Martin; Togni, Antonio (2002). "Solvias Josiphos ligands: from discovery to technical applications". Topics in Catalysis. 19 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1023/A:1013832630565.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Nettleton DE Jr, Balitz DM, Doyle TW, Bradner WT, Johnson DL, O'Herron FA, Schreiber RH, Coon AB, Moseley JE, Myllymaki RW, J Nat Prod. 1980 Mar–Apr;43(2):242–258. DOI: 10.1021/np50008a003
  17. ^ "Canadian Patents Database CA 1110562: Anthracycline antibiotic designated RUDOLPHOMYCIN". Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  18. ^ G. Märkl; H. Hauptmann (1983-06-14). "Untersuchungen zur Chemie der Arsole 1,1-dichlor-1-R-λ5-arsole-1-chlorarsole 2,2′,5,5′-tetraphenyldiarsolyl (Studies on the chemistry of arsoles)". J. Organomet. Chem. 248 (3): 269–285. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)98709-6. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Mikael P. Johansson; Jonas Jusélius (2005). "Arsole Aromaticity Revisited". Lett. Org. Chem. (3): 469–474. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Schleyer, Paul von Rague; Eiji Osawa; Michael G. B. Drew (1968). "Nonacyclo[11.7.1.12,18.03,16.04,13.05,10.06,14.07,11.015,20]docosane, a bastard tetramantane" (PDF). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (18): 5034–5036. doi:10.1021/ja01020a053. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  21. ^ "NIST Standard Reference Database 69, June 2005 Release: NIST Chemistry WebBook – Pentachloronitrobenzene". Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  22. ^ Toma, SH; Uemi, M; Nikolaou, S; Tomazela, DM; Eberlin, MN; Toma, HE (2004). "{trans-1,4-Bis[(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene}(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complexes and Their Supramolecular Assemblies with β-Cyclodextrin". Inorg Chem. 43 (11): 3521–3527. doi:10.1021/ic0352250.
  23. ^ Uri J, Csoban G, Viragh E., Acta Physiol Hung. 1951;2(2):223-8.
  24. ^ See, for example, Okibe, N; Johnson, DB (2004). "Toxicity of flotation reagents to moderately thermophilic bioleaching microorganisms". Biotechnology Letters. 24 (23): 2011–2016. doi:10.1023/A:1021118915720.
  25. ^ "BARF". ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  26. ^ D.O. Chester and J.A. Elix, Australian Journal of Chemistry 32 (1979) 2565–2569 doi:10.1071/CH9792565
  27. ^ Nordenström, Björn E. W. (1951). "Effect of cadaverine and lysine on the urinary excretion of piperidine in rabbits". Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica. 7 (3): 287–296. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1951.tb02870.x. PMID 14856760.
  28. ^ R A Klein, G P Hazlewood, P Kemp, and R M Dawson, Biochem J. 1979 December 1; 183(3): 691–700.
  29. ^ Apitz-Castro R, Béguin S, Tablante A, Bartoli F, Holt JC, Hemker HC (1995). "Purification and partial characterization of draculin, the anticoagulant factor present in the saliva of vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus)". Thromb. Haemost. 73 (1): 94–100. PMID 7740503.
  30. ^ Theerasilp S, Kurihara Y (August 1988). "Complete purification and characterization of the taste-modifying protein, miraculin, from miracle fruit". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (23): 11536–11539. PMID 3403544.
  31. ^ Prelog, V., Seiwerth, R. (1941). "Über eine neue, ergiebigere Darstellung des Adamantans". Berichte. 74: 1644 and 1769. doi:10.1002/cber.19410741109.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Not to be confused with the fictional material adamantium
  33. ^ Parent Hydride Names and Substantive Nomenclature (PDF). IUPAC. March 2004. p. 16.
  34. ^ Charles O, Coolsaet B (1972). "[Prevention of hemorrhage in prostatic surgery. Apropos of the study of the hemostatic activity in prostatectomy of a new molecule: beta-naphthoquinone monosemicarbazone (Naftazone)]". Annales d'urologie (in French). 6 (3): 209–212. PMID 4562066.
  35. ^ "PEPPSI Catalysts". Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  36. ^ T. Money (1975), "Sesquiterpenoids", Terpenoids and Steroids, vol. vol. 5, Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 69, ISBN 9780851862965, ISSN 0300-5992 {{citation}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  37. ^ Hogness, T.; Lunn, E. (1925). "The Ionization of Hydrogen by Electron Impact as Interpreted by Positive Ray Analysis". Physical Review. 26 (1): 44–55. Bibcode:1925PhRv...26...44H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.26.44.
  38. ^ Tandem radical approach to linear condensed cyclopentanoids. Total synthesis of (±)-hirsutene Dennis P. Curran and Donna M. Rakiewicz J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1985; 107(5) pp 1448 – 1449; doi:10.1021/ja00291a077
  39. ^ Isolation, structure and synthesis of hirsutene, a precursor hydrocarbon of coriolin biosynthesis Shigeo Nozoe, Jun Furukawa, Ushio Sankawa and Shoji Shibata Tetrahedron Letters Volume 17, Issue 3, January 1976, Pages 195–198 doi:10.1016/0040-4039(76)80013-5
  40. ^ "Jesterone and hydroxy-jesterone antioomycete cyclohexenone epoxides from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis jesteri" Jia Yao Li and Gary A. Strobel, Phytochemistry, 57 (2001) 261–265
  41. ^ SM Kupchan, KL Stevens, EA Rohlfing, BR Sickles, AT Sneden, RW Miller, RF Bryan, J. Org. Chem., 43(4) (1978) 586
  42. ^ Kienz, T.; Förster, C.; Heinze, K. (2016). "Generation and Oligomerization of N‑Ferrocenyl Ketenimines via Open-Shell Intermediates". Organometallics. 35 (21): 3681. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00619.
  43. ^ Sam Kean (2011), The Disappearing Spoon, Little, Brown, p. 36, ISBN 9781446437650
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Bibliography

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