From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of earthquakes in 1997 . Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are indicated on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale , and all data are sourced from the United States Geological Survey .
Rank
Death toll
Magnitude
Location
MMI
Depth (km)
Date
Event
1
1,567
7.3
Iran , Khorasan
X (Extreme)
10.0
May 10
1997 Qayen earthquake
2
1,100
6.1
Iran , Ardabil
IX (Violent)
10.0
February 28
1997 Ardabil earthquake
3
100
7.1
Pakistan , Harnai
VIII (Severe)
33.0
February 28
1997 Harnai earthquake
4
100
6.5
Iran , North Khorasan
VIII (Severe)
8.0
February 4
1997 Bojnurd earthquake
5
81
6.7
Venezuela , Sucre
VIII (Severe)
20.0
July 9
1997 Cariaco earthquake
6
38
5.8
India , Madhya Pradesh
VIII (Severe)
38.7
May 22
1997 Jabalpur earthquake
7
23
6.1
India , Mizoram
V (Moderate)
54.0
21 November
1997 Chittagong earthquake
7
18
5.9
Indonesia , Sulawesi
VI (Strong)
33.0
September 28
-
8
15
5.0
South Africa , North West Province
VII (Very Strong )
5.0
July 21
-
8
15
4.9
Pakistan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
IV (Light )
50.0
March 19
-
9
12
5.9
China , Xinjiang
VII (Very Strong )
33.0
January 21
1997 Jiashi earthquakes
10
11
6.0
Italy , Umbria
X (Extreme)
10.0
September 26
1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
At least 10 dead.
At least 7.0 magnitude.
January Strongest magnitude 7.2 Mw Mexico Deadliest 5.9 Mw China 12 deaths Total fatalities 13 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 2 6.0–6.9 1
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
5[ 1]
India , Uttarakhand
5.6
33.0
V
In neighboring Nepal , many houses were damaged in the western part of the country.
-
-
9[ 2]
Kyrgyzstan , Naryn
5.8
22.2
VII
At least ten homes were destroyed and 400 others damaged.
-
-
11[ 3]
Mexico , Michoacan
7.2
33.0
VIII
One person was killed and extensive damage occurred in Arteaga .
1
-
12[ 4]
Albania , Fier
4.8
10.0
VI
More than 70 houses were damaged in Berat District .
-
-
21[ 5]
China , Xinjiang
5.9
33.0
VII
Twelve people were killed, forty injured and 2,500 families were displaced during the 1997 Jiashi earthquakes . About 14,000 homes were destroyed, 17,000 additional homes damaged and 3,360 livestock were killed in Jiashi County .
12
40
22[ 6]
United States , Northern California offshore
5.6
23.0
V
Slight damage occurred in Petrolia and Scotia .
-
-
22[ 7]
Turkey , Hatay
5.7
10.0
VII
Five people were injured and ten houses were damaged at Antakya .
-
5
23[ 8]
Bolivia , Potosí
7.1
276.2
V
-
-
29[ 9]
Vanuatu , Torba offshore
6.2
33.0
I
-
-
-
February Strongest magnitude 7.1 Mw Pakistan Deadliest 6.1 Mw Iran 1,100 deaths Total fatalities 1,300 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 1 6.0–6.9 3
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
4[ 10]
Iran , North Khorasan
6.5
10.0
IX
A hundred people lost their lives in this earthquake, and around 2,000 were injured in the 1997 Bojnurd earthquake . 5,500 houses were destroyed and 11,000 were damaged in Bojnurd .
100
2,000
7[ 11]
Tonga , Pangai offshore
6.4
28.0
I
-
-
-
19[ 12]
Colombia , Chocó
5.8
100.7
IV
Some minor damage to buildings was caused in Armenia and Pereira .
-
-
27[ 13]
Pakistan , Balochistan
7.1
33.0
VIII
100 people died in the 1997 Harnai earthquake . Hundreds of others were injured and 500 homes were destroyed.
100
300+
28[ 14]
Iran , Ardabil
6.1
10.0
IX
1,100 people were killed, 2,600 were injured and 12,000 houses were destroyed in the 1997 Ardabil earthquake .
1,100
2,600
March Strongest magnitude 6.9 Mw Philippines Deadliest 4.9 Mw Pakistan 15 deaths Total fatalities 17 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 0 6.0–6.9 4
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
1[ 15]
China , Xinjiang
5.6
22.4
VII
Two people were killed, six injured, 4,000 houses were destroyed and 738 livestock were killed in Jiashi County .
2
6
4[ 16]
Japan , Shizuoka
5.6
10.0
VI
Three people were injured in Itō .
-
3
4[ 17]
Pakistan , Balochistan
5.7
33.0
VI
One person was injured and damage occurred in Sibi .
-
1
6[ 18]
Ghana , Accra
4.4
10.0
VI
Seven people were injured and power outages occurred in Accra .
-
7
11[ 19]
Philippines , Mindanao offshore
6.9
10.0
V
Some damage occurred in Cagayan de Oro .
-
-
17[ 20]
Indonesia , Banten offshore
6.4
33.0
VI
Some minor damage occurred in Jakarta .
-
-
19[ 21]
Pakistan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4.9
50.0
IV
15 people were killed, several others were injured and several houses were damaged in Bajaur .
15
Several
25[ 22]
Chile , Región Metropolitana
5.5
84.0
VI
Some buildings were damaged, power outages and landslides occurred in Santiago .
-
-
26[ 23]
United States , Alaska , Rat Islands offshore
6.7
33.0
IV
-
-
-
26[ 24]
Lebanon , Beirut
5.0
10.0
VII
Fifty buildings were damaged in Beirut .
-
-
26[ 25]
Brazil , Acre
6.1
602.6
I
-
-
-
26[ 26]
Japan , Kyushu
6.1
10.0
IX
22 people were injured and many houses were damaged in Kagoshima Prefecture .
-
22
April Strongest magnitude 7.7 Mw Vanuatu Deadliest 6.2 Mw China 9 deaths Total fatalities 9 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 1 6.0–6.9 10
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
1[ 27]
Panama , south of
6.1
33.0
V
-
-
-
1[ 28]
Chile , Tarapaca Region
6.2
113.8
V
Landslides and power outages occurred near the epicenter. This pair of earthquakes occurring only minutes apart can be considered a doublet earthquake .
-
-
1[ 29]
Chile , Tarapaca Region
6.2
115.6
V
2[ 30]
Trinidad and Tobago , Tobago offshore
6.1
45.0
V
It is a foreshock of the 6.7 quake on April 22. Slight damage was observed.
-
-
5[ 31]
Papua New Guinea , Morobe
6.5
69.1
VI
-
-
-
6[ 32]
China , Xinjiang
6.0
33.0
VI
It is a foreshock of the 6.2 quake 5 days later.
-
-
11[ 33]
China , Xinjiang
6.2
15.0
VII
It is a largest of an earthquake swarm that started in January 21. At least 9 people were killed, 89 injured, 100,000 homeless, thousands of buildings were destroyed and 11,000 livestock killed in Jiashi County .
9
89
21[ 34]
Vanuatu , Sola offshore
7.7
33.0
VII
A tsunami with a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) caused some damage to houses in Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands . On Funafuti , Tuvalu , and Suva , Fiji , a smaller tsunami was observed.
-
-
22[ 35]
Trinidad and Tobago , Tobago offshore
6.7
5.0
VII
Three houses were destroyed and two people were injured.
-
2
23[ 36]
Iran , Fars
4.8
33.0
IV
Some houses were damaged in the epicentral area.
-
-
23[ 37]
Guam offshore
6.5
100.5
VII
Four people suffered injuries and some damage occurred on Guam .
-
4
28[ 38]
South Africa , Prince Edward Islands offshore
6.8
10.0
I
-
-
-
May Strongest magnitude 7.3 Mw Iran Deadliest 7.3 Mw Iran 1,567 deaths Total fatalities 1,608 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 2 6.0–6.9 7
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
1[ 39]
Mexico , Jalisco offshore
6.9
33.0
I
-
-
-
3[ 40]
New Zealand , Kermadec Islands offshore
6.9
108.3
I
-
-
-
8[ 41]
India , Manipur
6.0
34.9
VII
Several people were injured and some damage occurred in Sylhet , Bangladesh .
-
Several
10[ 42]
Iran , Qayen
7.3
10.0
X
The 1997 Qayen earthquake . caused severe damage throughout eastern Iran . 1,567 people were killed and 2,300 injured, including five in Afghanistan . However, this figure may be as high as 2,394.
1,567
2,300
11[ 43]
West Chile Rise
6.5
10.0
I
-
-
-
13[ 44]
Japan , Kyushu
6.1
33.0
VIII
34 people were injured and five houses were destroyed in Kyushu .
-
34
13[ 45]
Iran , Qayen
4.5
10.0
V
It was an aftershock of the 7.3 earthquake on May 10, One person was killed and further damage was caused.
1
-
13[ 46]
Afghanistan , Hindu Kush region
6.5
196.0
IV
One person was injured in Kabul . Another was killed and eleven others injured in Peshawar , Pakistan .
1
12
17[ 47]
China , Xinjiang
4.9
33.0
IV
One person was injured in Jiashi County .
-
1
21[ 48]
Vanuatu , Isangel offshore
6.8
57.0
VI
-
-
-
21[ 49]
India , Madhya Pradesh
5.8
36.0
VIII
The 1997 Jabalpur earthquake caused major damage, killing 38 and injuring a thousand others.
38
1,000
21[ 50]
Spain , Galicia
5.4
18.8
VII
One person died of a heart attack and minor damage was caused in Galicia.
1
-
22[ 51]
Mexico , Michoacan
6.5
70.0
VI
Many houses were damaged at Arteaga and a church were damaged at Patzcuaro , Michoacan.
-
-
22[ 52]
Philippines , Babuyan Islands offshore
6.1
33.9
VI
-
-
-
25[ 53]
New Zealand , Kermadec Islands offshore
7.1
332.7
I
-
-
-
June Strongest magnitude 7.0 Mw Venezuela Deadliest 7.0 Mw Venezuela 81 deaths Total fatalities 96 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 1 6.0–6.9 4
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
6[ 62]
Chile , Coquimbo offshore
6.8
19.0
VI
-
-
-
6[ 63]
Honduras , Cortes offshore
6.1
33.0
VI
-
-
-
9[ 64]
Venezuela , Sucre
7.0
19.9
VIII
81 people were killed and 683 injured in the 1997 Cariaco earthquake . Extensive damage and landslides occurred.
81
683
11[ 65]
Indonesia , Java offshore
6.0
574.4
I
-
-
-
14[ 66]
Japan , Hokkaido offshore
6.1
33.0
V
-
-
-
18[ 67]
Azerbaijan , Ganja Qazakh
4.2
33.0
III
5,000 houses were damaged in Noyemberyan , Armenia .
-
-
19[ 68]
Mexico , Oaxaca
6.9
33.0
VII
-
-
-
21[ 69]
South Africa , North West Province
5.0
5.0
VII
Fifteen people were killed and 46 were injured due to a mine collapse near Stilfontein .
15
46
August Strongest magnitude 6.6 Mw Papua New Guinea Total fatalities 0 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 0 6.0–6.9 11
September Strongest magnitude 7.0 Mw New Zealand Deadliest 5.9 Mw Indonesia 18 deaths Total fatalities 29 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 1 6.0–6.9 10
October Strongest magnitude 7.8 Mw Tonga Deadliest 7.1 Mw Chile 8 deaths Total fatalities 8 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 3 6.0–6.9 8
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
3[ 84]
Italy , Umbria
5.3
10.0
VII
It is an aftershock of the 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake . Further damage was caused and 20 people were injured.
-
20
3[ 85]
Iran , Fars
5.3
33.0
V
Six people injured and several houses damaged in the epicentral area.
-
6
6[ 86]
Philippines , Mindanao
6.5
105.6
V
-
-
-
13[ 87]
Greece , Peloponnese
6.4
24.0
VI
Minor damage occurred in southern Peloponnese.
-
-
14[ 88]
Tonga , south of Tongatapu
7.8
167.3
VII
-
-
-
14[ 89]
Italy , Umbria
5.5
10.0
VIII
One person was injured and further damage was caused to buildings already weakened by the September 26 event. Slight damage occurred in Rome .
-
1
14[ 90]
Chile , Coquimbo
7.1
58.0
VII
The 1997 Punitaqui earthquake caused eight deaths (five in Pueblo Nuevo , and one each in La Chimba , Punitaqui , and Coquimbo ) and 400 injuries. More than 20,700 houses were damaged or destroyed.
8
400
28[ 91]
Peru , Amazonas
7.2
112.0
VII
Slight damage occurred in Chachapoyas .
-
-
November Strongest magnitude 7.5 Mw China Deadliest 6.1 Mw India 23 deaths Total fatalities 24 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 3 6.0–6.9 9
Date
Country and location
Mw
Depth (km)
MMI
Notes
Casualties
Dead
Injured
3[ 92]
Turkey , Bitlis
4.8
33.0
IV
Two people were injured and seven houses were destroyed in Bitlis .
-
2
3[ 93]
Chile , Coquimbo
6.2
45.0
VI
It is an aftershock of the 1997 Punitaqui earthquake . Further damage was caused and landslides occurred in the epicentral area.
-
-
5[ 94]
Greece , Central Greece
5.6
23.8
VI
Power outages occurred in the Galaxidion -Itea area.
-
-
6[ 95]
Canada , Quebec
4.8
22.5
V
One person died of a heart attack.
1
-
8[ 96]
China , Xizang
7.5
33.0
VII
1997 Manyi earthquake
-
-
8[ 97]
El Salvador , Cabañas
6.5
176.4
IV
-
-
-
14[ 98]
Taiwan , Hualien
5.2
33.0
IV
One person was injured by a landslide in a highway between Hualien and Su'ao .
-
1
15[ 99]
Japan , Hokkaido
6.1
161.0
IV
-
-
-
15[ 100]
Vanuatu , Sanma offshore
7.0
123.1
VI
-
-
-
15[ 101]
Greece , Ionian Islands offshore
6.6
33.0
VII
Several people injured and considerable damage to buildings at Amalias , Gargalianoi , Kalamai , Kiparissia , Meligalas , Pirgos and other parts of western Peloponnisos . One house destroyed on Zakinthos .
-
Several
21[ 102]
India , Mizoram
6.1
54.4
V
Despite being centered in Mizoram, India, the 1997 Chittagong earthquake caused damage in neighboring Bangladesh . 23 people were killed and another 200 were injured when a five-story building collapsed in Chittagong . Damage was also observed in other parts of the country.
23
200
25[ 103]
Indonesia , Gorontalo
7.0
24.0
VI
At least 90 buildings were damaged in Gorontalo .
-
-
28[ 104]
Bolivia , La Paz
6.7
586.0
I
-
-
-
December Strongest magnitude 7.8 Mw Russia Total fatalities 0 8.0–8.9 0 7.0–7.9 2 6.0–6.9 11
^ "M 5.6 - 1 km E of Dh?rchula, India" .
^ "M 5.8 - Kyrgyzstan" .
^ "M 7.2 - 46 km WNW of El Habillal, Mexico" .
^ "M 4.8 - 3 km WNW of Lushnjë, Albania" .
^ "M 5.9 - 86 km E of Kashgar, China" .
^ "M 5.6 - 33 km SW of Scotia, California" .
^ "M 5.7 - 11 km WNW of Toygarl?, Turkey" .
^ "M 7.1 - 16 km NW of Villazón, Bolivia" .
^ "M 6.2 - 166 km NW of Sola, Vanuatu" .
^ "M 6.5 - Turkmenistan-Iran border region" .
^ "M 6.4 - 111 km E of Pangai, Tonga" .
^ "M 5.8 - 19 km ESE of Sipí, Colombia" .
^ "M 7.1 - 29 km ESE of Harnai, Pakistan" .
^ "M 6.1 - 24 km SSW of Om?dcheh, Iran" .
^ "M 5.6 - 73 km E of Kashgar, China" .
^ "M 5.6 - 9 km SSW of Ito, Japan" .
^ "M 5.7 - 55 km NW of Dera Bugti, Pakistan" .
^ "M 4.4 - 6 km S of Gbawe, Ghana" .
^ "M 6.9 - 121 km E of Kinablangan, Philippines" .
^ "M 6.4 - 43 km SW of Labuan, Indonesia" .
^ "M 4.9 - 29 km SE of ?sm?r, Afghanistan" .
^ "M 5.5 - 3 km SE of Villa Presidente Frei, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile, Chile" .
^ "M 6.7 - 273 km WSW of Adak, Alaska" .
^ "M 5.0 - 3 km WNW of Nabatîyé et Tahta, Lebanon" .
^ "M 6.1 - 115 km SSW of Tarauaca, Brazil" .
^ "M 6.1 - 16 km NE of Satsumasendai, Japan" .
^ "M 6.1 - 53 km SSW of Boca Chica, Panama" .
^ "M 6.2 - 73 km SE of Palca, Peru" .
^ "M 6.2 - 90 km SE of Palca, Peru" .
^ "M 6.1 - 33 km NW of Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago" .
^ "M 6.5 - 49 km W of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea" .
^ "M 6.0 - 87 km E of Kashgar, China" .
^ "M 6.2 - 82 km E of Kashgar, China" .
^ "M 7.7 - 171 km NNW of Sola, Vanuatu" .
^ "M 6.7 - 18 km WSW of Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago" .
^ "M 4.8 - 60 km SSE of F?r?z?b?d, Iran" .
^ "M 6.5 - 49 km N of Yigo Village, Guam" .
^ "M 6.8 - Prince Edward Islands region" .
^ "M 6.9 - 228 km WSW of La Cruz de Loreto, Mexico" .
^ "M 6.9 - Kermadec Islands region" .
^ "M 6.0 - 11 km WNW of Kar?mganj, India" .
^ "M 7.3 - 58 km E of Qayen, Iran" .
^ "M 6.5 - West Chile Rise" .
^ "M 6.1 - 1 km WNW of Satsumasendai, Japan" .
^ "M 4.5 - 71 km ESE of Qayen, Iran" .
^ "M 6.5 - 51 km S of Jurm, Afghanistan" .
^ "M 4.9 - 84 km E of Kashgar, China" .
^ "M 6.8 - 99 km S of Isangel, Vanuatu" .
^ "M 5.8 - 1 km SSW of Barela, India" .
^ "M 5.4 - 3 km NW of Becerreá, Spain" .
^ "M 6.5 - 5 km ENE of Churumuco de Morelos, Mexico" .
^ "M 6.1 - 38 km NNE of Namuac, Philippines" .
^ "M 7.1 - south of the Kermadec Islands" .
^ "M 6.5 - southern East Pacific Rise" .
^ "M 6.1 - 85 km N of Lae, Papua New Guinea" .
^ "M 6.4 - 195 km WSW of Adak, Alaska" .
^ "M 5.6 - 29 km SSE of Termas de Río Hondo, Argentina" .
^ "M 5.6 - 90 km SE of B?rjand, Iran" .
^ "M 5.9 - 35 km NE of Q?'en, Iran" .
^ "M 5.9 - 17 km E of Hagi, Japan" .
^ "M 5.1 - 14 km SSE of Fern Forest, Hawaii" .
^ "M 6.8 - 52 km WSW of Coquimbo, Chile" .
^ "M 6.1 - 30 km NNW of Baja Mar, Honduras" .
^ "M 7.0 - 26 km WSW of Carúpano, Venezuela" .
^ "M 6.0 - 87 km N of Batang, Indonesia" .
^ "M 6.1 - 65 km E of Nemuro, Japan" .
^ "M 4.2 - 6 km ESE of Voskevan, Armenia" .
^ "M 6.9 - 4 km ENE of El Ciruelo, Mexico" .
^ "M 5.0 - 4 km W of Klerksdorp, South Africa" .
^ "M 4.5 - 24 km WNW of Karayaz?, Turkey" .
^ "M 6.3 - 161 km NNE of Derby, Australia" .
^ "M 4.8 - 29 km WNW of Yongchuan, China" .
^ "M 6.0 - 47 km ENE of Meulaboh, Indonesia" .
^ "M 5.0 - 5 km SSE of F?r?z?b?d, Iran" .
^ "M 6.6 - 64 km NNE of Angoram, Papua New Guinea" .
^ "M 6.8 - 24 km SW of Roncesvalles, Colombia" .
^ "M 6.8 - south of the Fiji Islands" .
^ "M 6.2 - 23 km ESE of Barcelona, Philippines" .
^ "M 3.8 - 2 km E of Trumann, Arkansas" .
^ "M 7.0 - Kermadec Islands region" .
^ "M 5.7 - 6 km WSW of Serravalle di Chienti, Italy" .
^ "M 6.0 - 3 km SSE of Nocera Umbra, Italy" .
^ "M 5.9 - 28 km NNE of Parepare, Indonesia" .
^ "M 5.3 - 3 km ENE of Valtopina, Italy" .
^ "M 5.3 - 60 km ENE of Ger?sh, Iran" .
^ "M 6.5 - 18 km E of Talisay, Philippines" .
^ "M 6.4 - 47 km SSE of Koróni, Greece" .
^ "M 7.8 - 192 km WSW of Haveluloto, Tonga" .
^ "M 5.5 - 8 km NNW of Sellano, Italy" .
^ "M 7.1 - 36 km SW of Monte Patria, Chile" .
^ "M 7.2 - 51 km N of Barranca, Peru" .
^ "M 4.8 - 8 km NW of Ahlat, Turkey" .
^ "M 6.2 - 16 km S of Ovalle, Chile" .
^ "M 5.6 - 10 km NW of Galaxídhion, Greece" .
^ "M 4.8 - 4 km W of L'Ancienne-Lorette, Canada" .
^ "M 7.5 - western Xizang" .
^ "M 6.5 - 13 km NNE of San Sebastián, El Salvador" .
^ "M 5.2 - 32 km NE of Hualien City, Taiwan" .
^ "M 6.1 - 19 km NNW of Shibetsu, Japan" .
^ "M 7.0 - 34 km ESE of Port-Olry, Vanuatu" .
^ "M 6.6 - 22 km SW of Lithakiá, Greece" .
^ "M 6.1 - 42 km SW of Saiha, India" .
^ "M 7.0 - 97 km NW of Gorontalo, Indonesia" .
^ "M 6.7 - 97 km NE of Sandia, Peru" .
^ "M 7.8 - 156 km S of Ust'-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia" . United States Geological Survey .
^ "M 6.4 - 22 km WSW of Roncesvalles, Colombia" . United States Geological Survey .
^ "M 6.6 - Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska" . United States Geological Survey .
^ "M 7.2 - 117 km N of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea" . United States Geological Survey .
Jiashi (5.9, Jan 21)
Bojnurd (6.5, Feb 4) †
Harnai (7.0, Feb 27) †
Ardabil (6.1, Feb 28) †
Qayen (7.3, May 10) † ‡
Jabalpur (5.8, May 22) †
Cariaco (6.9, Jul 9) †
Umbria-Marche (6.2, Sep 26)
Punitaqui (7.1, Oct 14)
Tibet (7.4, Nov 8)
Bangladesh-India-Myanmar (6.1, Nov 21)
Kamchatka (7.7, Dec 5)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year