List of mammals of Taiwan
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Taiwan. There are 122 mammal species in Taiwan, of which 0 are critically endangered, 5 are endangered, 8 are vulnerable and 2 are near-threatened.[1] There are currently 81 endemic mammals in Taiwan. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
- Family: Dugongidae
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Macaca
- Formosan rock macaque Macaca cyclopis VU
- Genus: Macaca
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Genus: Belomys
- Hairy-footed flying squirrel Belomys pearsonii LR/nt
- Genus: Petaurista
- Red and white giant flying squirrel Petaurista alborufus LR/lc
- Indian giant flying squirrel Petaurista philippensis LR/lc
- Genus: Belomys
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- Genus: Callosciurus
- Pallas's squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus LR/lc
- Genus: Dremomys
- Perny's long-nosed squirrel Dremomys pernyi LR/lc
- Genus: Tamiops
- Maritime striped squirrel Tamiops maritimus LR/lc
- Genus: Callosciurus
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Eothenomys
- Père David's vole Eothenomys melanogaster LR/lc
- Genus: Volemys
- Taiwan vole Volemys kikuchii VU
- Genus: Eothenomys
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius LR/lc
- Taiwan field mouse Apodemus semotus LR/nt
- Genus: Bandicota
- Greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica LR/lc
- Genus: Micromys
- Harvest mouse Micromys minutus LR/nt
- Genus: Mus
- Ryukyu mouse Mus caroli LR/lc
- Genus: Niviventer
- Coxing's white-bellied rat Niviventer coxingi LR/nt
- Oldfield white-bellied rat Niviventer culturatus LR/nt
- Genus: Rattus
- Lesser ricefield rat Rattus losea LR/lc
- Tanezumi rat Rattus tanezumi LR/lc
- Brown rat Rattus norvegicus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Chinese hare Lepus sinensis LR/lc
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The soricomorphs are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Asian gray shrew Crocidura attenuata LR/lc
- Dsinezumi shrew Crocidura dsinezumi LR/lc
- Gueldenstaedt's shrew Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LR/lc
- Horsfield's shrew Crocidura horsfieldii LR/lc
- Lesser white-toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens LR/lc
- Genus: Suncus
- Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LR/lc
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Chimarrogale
- Himalayan water shrew Chimarrogale himalayica LR/lc
- Genus: Soriculus
- Red-toothed shrew Soriculus fumidus LR/lc
- Genus: Chimarrogale
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Mogera
- Insular mole Mogera insularis LR/lc
- Genus: Mogera
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Genus: Pteropus
- Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus EN
- Genus: Pteropus
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Large-footed bat Myotis adversus LR/lc
- Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus LR/lc
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Arielulus
- Necklace pipistrelle Arielulus torquatus DD
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus LR/lc
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Common noctule Nyctalus noctula LR/lc
- Genus: Plecotus
- Taiwan big-eared bat Plecotus taivanus VU
- Genus: Scotophilus
- Lesser Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus kuhlii LR/lc
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Asian parti-colored bat Vespertilio superans LR/lc
- Genus: Arielulus
- Subfamily: Murininae
- Genus: Harpiocephalus
- Hairy-winged bat Harpiocephalus harpia LR/lc
- Genus: Murina
- Taiwan tube-nosed bat Murina puta VU
- Genus: Harpiocephalus
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus monoceros LR/nt
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Coelops
- East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat Coelops frithii LR/lc
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Great roundleaf bat Hipposideros armiger LR/lc
- Genus: Coelops
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
- Family: Manidae
- Genus: Manis
- Chinese pangolin Manis pentadactyla LR/nt
- Genus: Manis
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica CR
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Western gray whale Eschrichtius robustus CR[2][3]
- Genus: Eschrichtius
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Northern humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU (Still rare in Tawian)
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Coastal Asia) EN
- Omura's whale Balaenoptera omurai DD
- Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni DD
- Eden's whale Balaenoptera edeni (East China Sea) CR
- Northern sei whale Balaenoptera borealis (Coastal Asia)CR
- Northern fin whale Balaenoptera physalus physalus (Coastal Asia) CR
- Northern blue whale Balaenoptera musculus musculus (Coastal Asia) CR
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Family: Balaenidae
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Genus: Neophocaena (finless porpoise)
- Sunameri Neophocaena phocaenoides phocaenoides VU
- Sunameri Neophocaena phocaenoides sunameri VU
- Genus: Neophocaena (finless porpoise)
- Family: Ziphidae
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Genus: Indopacetus
- Tropical bottlenose whale Indopacetus pacificus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
- Genus: Indopacetus
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Sousa
- Chinese white dolphin Sousa chinensis DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus DD
- Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd
- Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
- Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/lc
- Genus: Delphinus
- Long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis DD
- Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
- Genus: Lagenodelphis
- Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens LR/lc
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD (one of the most common cetacean of Taiwan[4])
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Peponocephala
- Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra LR/lc
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
- Genus: Globicephala
- Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
- Genus: Orcinus
- Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd
- Genus: Sousa
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Neofelis
- Formosan clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa brachyura CR or EX
- Genus: Neofelis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae (civets, genets etc.)
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Genus: Paguma
- Masked palm civet Paguma larvata LR/lc
- Genus: Paguma
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Viverricula
- Small Indian civet Viverricula indica LR/lc
- Genus: Viverricula
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Herpestes
- Crab-eating mongoose Herpestes urva LR/lc
- Genus: Herpestes
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus VU
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Martes
- Yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula LC
- Genus: Mustela
- Least weasel Mustela nivalis LC
- Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica LR/lc
- Genus: Melogale
- Chinese ferret badger Melogale moschata LR/lc
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter Lutra lutra NT
- Genus: Aonyx
- Oriental small-clawed otter Aonyx cinereus NT
- Genus: Martes
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Genus: Cervus
- Sika deer Cervus nippon LR/lc
- Sambar deer Cervus unicolor LR/lc
- Genus: Cervus
- Subfamily: Muntiacinae
- Genus: Muntiacus
- Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi LR/lc
- Genus: Muntiacus
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Genus: Nemorhaedus
- Taiwan serow Nemorhaedus swinhoei VU
- Genus: Nemorhaedus
- Subfamily: Caprinae
See also
- List of chordate orders
- List of mammals of China
- List of regional mammals lists
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- New mammal species
- Wildlife of China
Notes
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ^ "Quaternary Fossil Gray Whales from Taiwan". Paleontological Research 18(2):82-93. 2014 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/2014PR009. Department of Geology of University of Otago, Department of Life Science of Tunghai University, Department of Geology of Taichung National Museum of Natural Science. 2014. p. The BioOne. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
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ignored (help) - ^ Brownell, R.L., Donovan, G.P., Kato, H., Larsen, F.*, Mattila, D., Reeves, R.R., Rock, Y., Vladimirov, V., Weller, D. & Zhu, Q., Conservation Plan for Western North Pacific Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus), 2010 (citation limited)
- ^ Taiwan's Treasure - Things to do - Whale Watching
References
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Taiwan". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. [dead link]
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.