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Margaret Brown

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For other people with similar names, see Margaret Brown (disambiguation) and Molly Brown (disambiguation).

Margaret Brown
Born
Margaret Tobin

(1867-07-18)July 18, 1867
Hannibal, Missouri, U.S.
DiedOctober 26, 1932(1932-10-26) (aged 65)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting placeCemetery of the Holy Rood, Westbury, New York, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Other namesMargaret Tobin Brown, Mrs. James J. Brown
OccupationSocialite
Known forSurvivor of the Titanic sinking
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1886; sep. 1909)​
Children2
Parents
  • John Tobin
  • Johanna Collins

Margaret Brown (née Tobin; July 18, 1867 – October 26, 1932), posthumously known as "The Unsinkable Molly Brown", was an American socialite and philanthropist. She unsuccessfully encouraged the crew in Lifeboat No. 6 to return to the debris field of the 1912 sinking of RMS Titanic to look for survivors.[1] During her lifetime, her friends called her "Maggie", but even by her death, obituaries referred to her as the "Unsinkable Molly Brown".[2] The reference was further reinforced by a 1960 Broadway musical based on her life and its 1964 film adaptation which were both entitled The Unsinkable Molly Brown.

Early life

Margaret Tobin was born in a hospital near the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri, on what is now known as Denkler's Alley.[3] Her parents were Irish Catholic immigrants John Tobin (1821–1899) and Johanna (Collins) Tobin (1825–1905). Her siblings were Daniel Tobin (born 1863), Michael Tobin (born 1866), William Tobin (born 1869), and Helen Tobin (born 1871). Both of Margaret's parents had been widowed as young adults. Brown had two half-sisters: Catherine Bridget Tobin (born 1856), by her father's first marriage, and Mary Ann Collins (born 1857), by her mother's first marriage. At age 18, Margaret relocated to Leadville, Colorado, with her siblings Daniel Tobin, Mary Ann Collins Landrigan, and Mary Ann's husband John Landrigan. Margaret and her brother Daniel shared a two-room log cabin, and she found a job in a department store.[4]

Marriage

She met and married James Joseph Brown (1854–1922) in Leadville, nicknamed "J.J.", an enterprising, self-educated man. He was not a rich man, but she married J.J. for love. She said,

"I wanted a rich man, but I loved Jim Brown. I thought about how I wanted comfort for my father and how I had determined to stay single until a man presented himself who could give to the tired older man the things I longed for him. Jim was as poor as we were and had no better chance. I struggled hard with myself in those days. I loved Jim, but he was poor. Finally, I decided that I'd be better off with a poor man whom I loved than with a wealthy one whose money had attracted me. So I married Jim Brown"

Margaret and J.J. married in Leadville's Leadville Historic District Historic structures in Leadville Annunciation Church on September 1, 1886.[4] They had two children: Lawrence Palmer-Brown (1887–1949), known as Larry, and Catherine Ellen Brown (1889–1969), known as Helen.

Mining success

The Brown family acquired great wealth when in 1893, J.J.'s mining engineering efforts proved instrumental in the exploration of a substantial ore seam at the Little Jonny Mine. His employer, Ibex Mining Company, awarded him 12,500 shares of stock and a seat on the board. In Leadville, Margaret helped by working in soup kitchens to assist miners' families.

In 1894, the Browns bought a $30,000 Victorian mansion in Denver, and in 1897, they built a summer house, Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver near Bear Creek, which gave the family more social opportunities. Margaret became a charter member of the Denver Woman's Club,[5] whose mission was the improvement of women's lives by continuing education and philanthropy. Adjusting to the trappings of a society lady, Brown became well-immersed in the arts and fluent in French, German, Italian, and Russian. Brown co-founded a branch in Denver of the Alliance Française to promote her love of French culture.[6][7] Brown gave parties that were attended by Denver socialites, but she was unable to gain entry into the most elite group, Sacred 36, who attended exclusive bridge parties and dinners held by Louise Sneed Hill.[8] Brown called her "the snobbiest woman in Denver".[9]

After 23 years of marriage, Margaret and J.J. privately signed a separation agreement in 1909. Although they never reconciled, they continued to communicate and cared for each other throughout their lives. The agreement gave Margaret a cash settlement, and she maintained possession of the house on Pennsylvania Street in Denver and the summer house, Avoca Lodge. She also received a $700 monthly allowance (equivalent to $24,000 in 2023) to continue her travels and philanthropic work.

Brown assisted in fundraising for Denver's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, which was completed in 1911. She also worked with Judge Ben Lindsey to help destitute children and establish one of the United States' first juvenile courts,[5] which helped form the basis of the modern U.S. juvenile courts system.

Passenger on the Titanic

Brown giving Captain Arthur Henry Rostron an award for his service in the rescue of survivors of the Titanic.

Brown spent the first months of 1912 in Paris, visiting her daughter and as part of the John Jacob Astor IV party, until she received word from Denver that her eldest grandchild, Lawrence Palmer Brown Jr., was seriously ill. She immediately booked passage on the first available liner leaving for New York, the RMS Titanic. Originally her daughter Helen was supposed to accompany her, but Helen decided to stay in Paris, where she was studying at the Sorbonne. Brown was conveyed to the passenger liner RMS Titanic as a first-class passenger on the evening of April 10, aboard the tender SS Nomadic at Cherbourg, France.

The Titanic sank early on April 15, 1912, at around 2:20 a.m., after striking an iceberg at around 11:40 p.m. Brown helped others board the lifeboats but was finally persuaded to abandon ship in Lifeboat No. 6.[1] Brown was later called "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" by authors because she helped in the ship's evacuation, taking an oar herself in her lifeboat and urging that the lifeboat go back and save more passengers. Her urgings were met with opposition from Quartermaster Robert Hichens, the crewman in charge of Lifeboat 6. Hichens was fearful that if they went back, the lifeboat would either be pulled down due to suction, or those in the water would swamp the boat in an effort to get in. After several attempts to urge Hichens to turn back, Brown threatened to throw him overboard.[1] Sources vary [citation needed] as to whether the boat went back and if they found anyone alive. Brown's efforts sealed her place in history, regardless.

Upon being rescued by the ship RMS Carpathia, Brown proceeded to organize a survivors' committee with other first-class survivors. The committee worked to secure basic necessities for the second- and third-class survivors, and even provided informal counseling.[10]


Later life and death

Portrait of Margaret Brown

Brown ran for U.S. Senate in 1914, but ended her campaign to return to France to work with the American Committee for Devastated France during World War I.[clarification needed][citation needed]

At the time of J.J. Brown's death on September 5, 1922, Margaret told newspapers, "I've never met a finer, bigger, more worthwhile man than J.J. Brown." J.J. died intestate, and five years of disputation between Margaret and her two children were required to finally settle the estate.[citation needed] Due to their lavish spending, J.J. left an estate valued at only $238,000, equivalent to $4,332,262 in 2023. Molly was to receive $20,000 in cash and securities (equivalent to $364,056 in 2023), and the interest on a $100,000 trust fund (equivalent to $1,820,278 in 2023) in her name.[citation needed] The sum of $118,000 was to be divided between her two children, who each received a $59,000 (equivalent to $1,073,964 in 2023) trust fund. A suit against Catherine and Lawrence was settled privately, and Margaret and her children were reconciled at the time of Margaret's death in 1932.[citation needed]

During the last years of her life, Brown was an actress. She died in her sleep at 10:55 p.m. on October 26, 1932, in New York City's Barbizon Hotel. Subsequent autopsy revealed a brain tumor. She was buried along with J.J. in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury, New York,[11] following a small ceremony on October 31, 1932, attended by close friends and family. There was no eulogy.[2]

Legacy

Margaret's fame as a Titanic survivor helped her promote the issues she felt strongly about: the rights of workers and women, education and literacy for children, historic preservation, and commemoration of the bravery and chivalry displayed by the men aboard the Titanic. During World War I in France, she worked with the American Committee for Devastated France to rebuild areas behind the front line, and helped wounded French and American soldiers. She was awarded the French Légion d'Honneur for her good citizenship, activism, and philanthropy in America.

In 1985, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.[12]

Portrayals

References

  1. ^ a b c Titanic: A Night Remembered, Stephanie L. Barczewski, 2004, page 30.
  2. ^ a b United Press, "Quiet Services Held for 'Unsinkable Mrs. Brown'", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Tuesday November 1, 1932, Volume 39, Section 1, Page 2.
  3. ^ "Celebrating Molly Brown on her 150th birthday". www.hannibalmag.com. June 29, 2017.
  4. ^ a b Harper, Kimberly. "Margaret Tobin Brown (1867 - 1932)". State Historical Society of Missouri. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Molly Brown | American parvenue". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  6. ^ Iversen, Kristen (1999). Molly Brown: Unraveling the Myth. Boulder: Johnson Books. pp. 145–146. french.
  7. ^ Iversen, p. 34
  8. ^ Jeanne Varnell (1999). Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Big Earth Publishing. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-55566-214-1.
  9. ^ "Louise Sneed Hill and Denver's "Sacred Thirty-Six" - Fairmount Cemetery". Fairmount Cemetery. April 23, 2013. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018.
  10. ^ Cimino, Eric (Fall 2017). "Carpathia's Care for Titanic's Survivors". Voyage, Journal of the Titanic International Society. 101: 28.
  11. ^ "Mrs Margaret Brown1 (Molly Brown) (née Tobin)". Encyclopedia Titanica. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  12. ^ Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, Margaret "Molly" Tobin Brown
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