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Yasiin Bey
Mos Def performing at the 2012 Ilosaarirock festival
Born
Dante Terrell Smith

(1973-12-11) December 11, 1973 (age 50)
Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States
Other namesMos Def, Dante Beze, Black Dante, Yasiin Bey
Occupation(s)Rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, activist
Years active1994–present
Musical career
GenresHip hop
Instrument(s)Vocals, keyboards, bass guitar, sampler, drums
LabelsGOOD Music, Downtown (current)
Rawkus, Priority, Geffen (former)

Yasiin Bey (/jæˈsiːn ˈbeɪ/) (born Dante Terrell Smith; December 11, 1973), best known by his stage name Mos Def (/ˈmoʊs ˈdɛf/), is an American hip hop recording artist, actor and activist from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Best known for his music, Mos Def embarked on his hip hop career in 1994, alongside his siblings in the short-lived rap group Urban Thermo Dynamics (UTD), after which he appeared on albums by Da Bush Babees and De La Soul. He subsequently formed the duo Black Star, alongside fellow Brooklyn-based rapper Talib Kweli, and released their eponymous debut album in 1998. He was featured on the roster of Rawkus Records and in 1999 released his solo debut, Black on Both Sides. His debut was followed by The New Danger (2004), True Magic (2006) and The Ecstatic (2009).[1] The editors at About.com listed him as the 14th greatest emcee of all time on their "50 greatest MC's of our time" list.[2]

Prior to his career in music, Mos Def first entered public life as a child actor, having played roles in television movies, sitcoms, and theater. Since the early 2000s, Mos Def has been well known for his roles in films such as Something the Lord Made, Next Day Air, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, 16 Blocks, Be Kind Rewind, The Italian Job, Bamboozled and Brown Sugar, as well as for his portrayal of Brother Sam in the Showtime drama series Dexter. He is also known as the host of Def Poetry Jam, which aired on HBO between 2002 and 2007.

Mos Def has been vocal on several social and political causes, including police brutality, the idea of American exceptionalism, and the state of African Americans.

Early life

Dante Terrell Smith Bey was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Sheron Smith and Abdul Rahman.[3] The eldest of 12 children and step-children, he was raised by his mother in Brooklyn, while his father lived in New Jersey.[4]

Although his father was initially a member of the Nation of Islam and later followed Imam Warith Deen Mohammed, who merged into mainstream Sunni Islam from the Nation, Mos Def was not exposed to Islam until the age of 13. At 19, he took his shahada, the Muslim declaration of faith. He is close friends with fellow Muslim rappers Ali Shaheed Muhammad and Kamaal Ibn John Fareed (Q-Tip) of the rap group A Tribe Called Quest.[3]

Mos Def attended middle school at Philippa Schuyler Middle School 383 in Bushwick, Brooklyn where he picked up his love for acting.[4][5] After returning from filming You Take the Kids in Los Angeles, and getting into a relationship with an older girl, Mos Def dropped out of high school during sophomore year.[4] Growing up in New York City during the crack epidemic of the 1980s and early 1990s, he has spoken about witnessing widespread instances of gang violence, theft and poverty in society, which he largely avoided by working on plays, Off-Off-Broadway and arts programs.[5] In a particularly traumatic childhood experience, Mos Def witnessed his then five year old younger brother Ilias Bey (b. Denard Smith) get hit by a car. Bey, who later adopted the alias DCQ, was described by Smith as "my first partner in Hip Hop".[5]

Musical career

1994–1998: Beginnings with Rawkus and Black Star

See also: Black Star (rap duo)

Mos Def began his rap music career in 1994, forming the rap group UTD (or Urban Thermo Dynamics) along with younger brother DCQ and younger sister Ces.[6] In 2004, they released the album Manifest Destiny, their first and only release to date. The album features a compilation of previously unreleased and re-released tracks recorded during the original UTD run.[7]

In 1996, Mos Def emerged as a solo artist and worked with De La Soul and Da Bush Babees, before he released his own first single, "Universal Magnetic" in 1997.[8][9]

Mos Def in 1999

Mos Def signed with Rawkus Records and formed the rap group Black Star with Talib Kweli.[10] The duo released an album, Mos Def & Talib Kweli are Black Star, in 1998.[11] Mostly produced by Hi-Tek, the album featured the singles "Respiration" and "Definition", which both reached in the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[12]

1999–2006: Solo career and various projects

Mos Def released his solo debut album Black on Both Sides in October 1999, also through Rawkus.[13][14] The single "Ms. Fat Booty" charted,[12] while the album reached #25 on the Billboard 200.[15] Around this time he also contributed to the Scritti Politti album Anomie & Bonhomie.[16][17]

Mos Def performing at Rock the Bells (New York).

In January 2002 Rawkus Records was taken over by Geffen Records,[18] which released his second solo album The New Danger in October 2004.[19] It included contributions by Shuggie Otis and Bernie Worrell, Doug Wimbish,and Will Calhoun as the Black Jack Johnson Band.[20] The album reached #5 on the Billboard 200, making it the most successful for the artist to date.[15] The single "Sex, Love & Money" charted,[12] and was nominated for a Grammy Award.[21] Mos Def's final solo album for Geffen Records, titled True Magic, was released in 2006.[citation needed] The song "Crime & Medicine" is a remake of GZA's 1995 single "Liquid Swords". Also, the track "Undeniable" samples a version of the Barrett Strong/Norman Whitfield composition "Message from a Black Man".

2007–2011: GOOD Music era and name change

On November 7, 2007, Mos Def performed live in San Francisco at The Mezzanine venue. The performance was recorded for an upcoming "Live in Concert" DVD. During the event, he announced that he would be releasing a new album to be called The Ecstatic.[22] He performed a number of new tracks; in later shows, he previewed tracks produced by Madlib and was rumored to be going to Kanye West for new material. Producer and fellow Def Poet Al Be Back revealed he would be producing on the album as well.[23] The album was released on June 9, 2009; but only Madlib's production had made the cut, along with tracks by Preservation, The Neptunes, Mr. Flash, Madlib's brother Oh No, a song by J. Dilla, and Georgia Anne Muldrow.

Mos Def appears alongside Kanye West on the track "Two Words" from The College Dropout album, the track "Drunk And Hot Girls" and the bonus track "Good Night" off West's third major album, Graduation. In 2002, he released the 12" single Fine, which was featured in the Brown Sugar Motion Picture Soundtrack.[24]

Mos Def also appears on the debut album from fellow New Yorkers Apollo Heights on a track titled, "Concern." In October, he signed a deal with Downtown Records and appeared on a remix to the song "D.A.N.C.E." by Justice.[25] He appeared on Stephen Marley's debut album Mind Control on the song "Hey Baby." In 2009, he worked with Somali-Canadian rapper K'naan to produce the track "America" for K'naan's album Troubadour.[26]

In April 2008, he appeared on the title track for a new album by The Roots entitled Rising Down. The new single, "Life In Marvelous Times", was made officially available through iTunes on November 4, 2008, and is available for stream on the Roots' website Okayplayer.

In April 2009, Mos Def traveled to South Africa for the first time where he performed with The Robert Glasper Experiment at the renowned Cape Town International Jazz Festival. He treated the South African audience with an encore introduced by his own rendition of John Coltrane's "Love Supreme", followed by a sneak preview of the track "M.D. (Doctor)".[27]

Mos Def has designed two pairs of limited edition Converse shoes. The shoes were released through Foot Locker stores on August 1, 2009 in limited amounts.[28]

In late 2009, Mos Def created his own clothing line with the "UNDRCRWN" brand called the "Mos Def Cut & Sew Collection". The items were released in select U.S. stores and almost exclusively on the UNDRCRWN website.[29] 2009 also found Mos Def among the MCs aligning themselves with American entrepreneur Damon Dash's DD172 and collaborating with American blues rock band the Black Keys on the Blakroc album, a project headed by the Black Keys and Damon Dash.[30] Mos Def appeared with Harlem-bred rapper Jim Jones and the Black Keys on the Late Show with David Letterman to perform the Blakroc track "Ain't Nothing Like You (Hoochie Coo)".

In March 2010, Mos Def's song "Quiet Dog Bite Hard" was featured in Palm's "Life moves fast. Don't miss a thing." campaign.[31]

Mos Def features on the first single, "Stylo", from the third Gorillaz album, Plastic Beach, alongside soul legend Bobby Womack. He also appears on the track titled "Sweepstakes".

In September 2010, after appearing on Kanye West's G.O.O.D. Friday track "Lord Lord Lord", Mos Def confirmed he had signed with GOOD Music.[32] Mos Def has been an active contributor to the recovery of the oil spill in the Gulf, performing concerts and raising money towards repairing its damages. In June 2010, he recorded a cover of the classic New Orleans song originally by Smokey Johnson, "It Ain't My Fault" with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, Lenny Kravitz and Trombone Shorty.

In September 2011, Mos Def announced that he legally changed his name to Yasiin Bey, and would continue to go by that name.[33][34]

2012–present: Later career and retirement

In January 2012, it was reported that Yasiin Bey and Talib Kweli had begun "to resurrect" Black Star.[35]

In 2015, Yasiin Bey was featured on A$AP Rocky's second studio album At. Long. Last. ASAP, on the track "Back Home", alongside Acyde and the deceased A$AP Yams.[36] Bey again revived his Mos Def moniker for two new songs in August 2015, titled "Basquiat Ghostwriter" and "Sensei on the Block", respectively.[37][38]

On January 19, 2016, Yasiin Bey announced his retirement from both the music and film industries on Kanye West's website: "I'm retiring from the music recording industry as it is currently assembled today, and also Hollywood, effective immediately. I'm releasing my final album this year, and that's that."[39] After announcing his retirement, he expressed gratitude to everyone who has supported him over the years and revealed his intention to enter the fashion industry and complete a handful of films.[40] Bey also confirmed he still planned to release a collaborative project with Ferrari Sheppard called Dec 99th.[40]

In October 2016, a planned concert in London was cancelled due to travel restrictions imposed on the artist,[41] while other European dates suffered the same fate.[42] On October 14, 2016, Yasiin Bey posted a video to Facebook where he announced that he's still planning to retire: "I'm retiring for real this year, this week. With the 17th anniversary of Black on Both Sides being released, I am grateful to have had the career that I have been able to enjoy."[43][44] He also announced one last concert which he will be live streaming from Cape Town, South Africa.[45] In November 2016, he was granted the ability to leave but not reenter South Africa and was put on "South Africa's "undesirable persons" list." He said he would perform one show in Harlem and three in Washington D.C. after leaving South Africa. He announced Dec 99th, his final album would be released on December 9th. He released three singles from it “Local Time,” “N.A.W.” and “Seaside Panic Room.”[46] On December 5, 2016, he announced two the title of two albums, Negus in Natural Person and As Promised, the latter of which is a collaboration with Southern hip hop producer Mannie Fresh, initially titled OMFGOD.[47]

Acting career

Beginnings as child actor

Prior to his career in music, Mos Def entered public life as a child actor, having played roles in television movies, sitcoms and theater, some of which were under the name Dante Beze.[48][49] At the age of 14, he appeared in the TV movie God Bless the Child, starring Mare Winningham, which aired on ABC in 1988.[50] He played the oldest child in the 1990 family sitcom, You Take the Kids, shortly before it was cancelled. In 1995, he played the character Dante, Bill Cosby's sidekick on the short-lived detective show, The Cosby Mysteries. In 1996, he also starred in a Visa check card commercial featuring Deion Sanders. In 1997 he had a small role alongside Michael Jackson in his short film and music video "Ghosts".

Feature films

After brief appearances in Bamboozled and Monster's Ball, Mos Def played a rapper who is reluctant to sign to a major label in Brown Sugar. He was nominated for an Image Award and a Teen Choice Award.[citation needed]

In 2001, he took a supporting role to Beyoncé Knowles and Mehki Phifer in the MTV movie Carmen: A Hip Hopera as Lt. Miller, a crooked cop.

In 2002, he played the role of Booth in Suzan-Lori Parks' Topdog/Underdog, a Tony-nominated and Pulitzer-winning Broadway play. He and co-star Jeffrey Wright won a Special Award from the Outer Critics Circle Award for their joint performance.[51] He played Left Ear in the 2003 film The Italian Job. That same year he appeared in the music video You Don't Know My Name of the song by Alicia Keys.

In television, Mos Def has appeared on NYPD Blue,[citation needed] on Comedy Central's Chappelle's Show, and has hosted the award-winning HBO spoken word show, Def Poetry since its inception.[citation needed] The show's sixth season aired in 2007. He also appeared on the sitcom My Wife And Kids as the disabled friend of Michael Kyle (Damon Wayans).

Mos Def won "Best Actor, Independent Movie" at the 2005 Black Reel Awards for his portrayal of Detective Sgt. Lucas in The Woodsman. For his portrayal of Vivien Thomas in HBO's film Something the Lord Made, he was nominated for an Emmy[52] and a Golden Globe, and won the Image Award. He also played a bandleader in HBO's Lackawanna Blues. He then landed the role of Ford Prefect in the 2005 movie adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

Mos Def and Bruce Willis on the set of 16 Blocks, filmed on location in Chinatown, Manhattan on Pell Street

In 2006, Mos Def appeared in Dave Chappelle's Block Party alongside Black Star partner Talib Kweli, while also contributing to the film's soundtrack. He was also featured as the banjo player in the Pixie Sketch" from Chappelle's Show: The Lost Episodes, though his appearance was edited out of the DVD. He starred in the action film 16 Blocks alongside Bruce Willis and David Morse. He has a recurring guest role on Boondocks, starring as Gangstalicious. He is also set to be in Toussaint, a film about Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, opposite Don Cheadle and Wesley Snipes.[citation needed] He made a cameo appearance as himself in the movie Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.

In 2007, Mos Def narrated the PBS-broadcast documentary Prince Among Slaves.

In 2008, Mos Def starred in the Michel Gondry movie Be Kind Rewind, playing a video rental store employee whose best friend is played by co-star Jack Black. He also portrayed Chuck Berry in the film Cadillac Records, for which he was nominated for a Black Reel Award and an Image Award.

In 2009, he appeared in the House episode entitled "Locked In" as a patient suffering from locked-in syndrome. His performance was well-received, with E! saying that Mos Def "delivers an Emmy-worthy performance."[53] He was also in the 2009 film Next Day Air.

In 2010, he appeared on the children's show Yo Gabba Gabba! as Super Mr. Superhero. He also appeared in A Free Man of Color, John Guare's play at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre.[54]

In 2011, he began a multi-episode appearance on the sixth season of Showtime television series Dexter. He played Brother Sam, an ex-convict who has supposedly found religion despite finding himself in violent situations.[55]

In January 2016, Mos Def announced his retirement from both the music and the film industry on Kanye West's website. In March 2016 it was announced that he had been attached to star in "his last live-action film", The Disconnected, a science fiction thriller dealing with policing, identity, and the intersection of technology and humanity.[56]

Social and political views

In 2000, paired with Talib Kweli, Mos Def organized the Hip Hop for Respect project to speak out against police brutality. The project was created in response to the 1999 police shooting of Amadu Diallo, and sought to accumulate 41 artists to the roster, one to match each of the 41 gunshots fired on Diallo.

Mos Def is well known for his left-wing political views.[57] In 2000, Mos Def performed a benefit concert for death row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal.[58]

In May 2005, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, R&B singer Martin Luther and City Councilman Charles Barron approached New York City Hall, demanding the withdrawal of the $1 million bounty for Assata Shakur.[59]

In September 2005, Mos Def released the single "Katrina Clap", renamed "Dollar Day" for True Magic, (utilizing the instrumental for New Orleans rappers UTP's "Nolia Clap"). The song is a criticism of the Bush administration's response to Hurricane Katrina. On the night of the MTV Video Music Awards, Mos Def pulled up in front of Radio City Music Hall on a flatbed truck and began performing the "Katrina Clap" single in front of a crowd that quickly gathered around him. He was subsequently arrested despite having a public performance permit in his possession.[60]

In October 2006, Mos Def appeared on 4Real, a documentary television series.[61] Appearing in the episode "City of God", he and the 4Real crew traveled to City of God, a favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to meet Brazilian MC MV Bill and learn about the crime and social problems of the community.[62]

On September 7, 2007, Mos Def appeared on Real Time with Bill Maher where he spoke about racism against African Americans, citing the government response to Hurricane Katrina, the Jena Six, and the murder conviction of Mumia Abu-Jamal. He appeared on Real Time again on March 27, 2009, and spoke about the risk of nuclear weapons.[63]

In July 2013, Mos Def, under the new name Yasiin Bey, appeared in a short film released by the human rights organization Reprieve, depicting the forced-feeding methods used at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps. This transpired after a document containing the military instructions for the procedure was leaked.[64][65]

Mos Def and Talib Kweli also share interest in the Black Panther Party. They have shared an interest in the party since high school.[citation needed]

Legacy

About.com ranked him #14 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time,[2] while The Source ranked him #23 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time.[66] AllMusic called him one of the most promising rappers to emerge in the late 1990s,[67] as well as one of hip-hop's brightest hopes entering the 21st century.[13] Mos Def has influenced numerous hip hop artists throughout his career, including Lupe Fiasco, Jay Electronica, Kid Cudi, and Saigon.[68][69][70] Kendrick Lamar has also mentioned Mos Def as a very early inspiration and someone he listened to "coming up" as a young rapper, though he denied being a part of the conscious rap movement.[71]

Personal life

Mos Def has six children with four women,[72] including two with his first wife Maria Yepes.

Mos Def married Yepes in 1996, and has two daughters with her: Jauhara Smith and Chandani Smith. He filed for divorce from Yepes in 2006.[73] The former couple made headlines when Yepes took Mos Def to court over failure in child-support obligations, paying $2,000 short of the monthly $10,000 he is ordered to pay.[74][75]

On August 17, 2005, Mos Def traveled to Canada where he married music video model Alana Wyatt.[72] Following a tumultuous relationship, the couple separated soon thereafter, but have not yet divorced.[72] Wyatt published a tell-all book Breaking The Code Of Silence in January 2012.[76]

His mother Sheron Smith, who goes by her nickname "Umi", has played an active role managing portions of her son's career.[77] She is also a motivational speaker, and has authored the book Shine Your Light: A Life Skills Workbook, where she details her experience as a single-mother raising Def.[78]

In January 2016, Mos Def was ordered to leave South Africa and not return for five years, having outstayed a tourist visa granted in May 2013.[79] Also that month, he was charged with using an unrecognized World Passport and having lived illegally in South Africa since 2014.[80][81] Mos Def had reportedly recruited Kanye West to help defend him, and posted a message on West's website announcing his retirement from show business.[82][83] There is an on-going court case in relation immigration offences involving the artist and his family.[84][85]

Discography

Main articles: Mos Def discography and List of Mos Def songs
Solo albums
Collaborative albums
See also: Black Star discography

Filmography

Year Film Role Notes
1991 The Hard Way Dead Romeos Gang Member
1997 Ghosts Townsperson
1998 Where's Marlowe? Wilt Crawley
2000 Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme Himself
Bamboozled Big Blak Afrika Also recorded a song for the movie's soundtrack with other members of the Mau Maus
Island of the Dead Robbie J
2001 Carmen: A Hip Hopera Lieutenant Miller
Monster's Ball Ryrus Cooper
2002 Showtime Lazy Boy
Civil Brand Michael Meadows
Brown Sugar Chris 'Cav' Anton Vichon
My Wife and Kids Tommy 1 episode: Chair Man of the Board
2003 The Italian Job Left Ear
2004 The Woodsman Detective Lucas
Something the Lord Made Vivien Thomas Nominated – Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie
Nominated – Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television
Nominated – Image Awards for Outstanding Actor in a Mini-Series or Television Movie
2005 Lackawanna Blues The Bandleader
The Boondocks (2005-2008) Gangstalicious Voice over for the animated series
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Ford Prefect
2006 Dave Chappelle's Block Party Himself
16 Blocks Eddie Bunker
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby Himself Cameo
Journey to the End of the Night Wemba
2007 Prince Among Slaves Narrator
2008 Be Kind Rewind Mike
Cadillac Records Chuck Berry
2009 Next Day Air Eric
House Lee Season 5, Episode 19, "Locked In"
2010 I'm Still Here Himself
Bouncing Cats Himself
Yo Gabba Gabba! Super Mr. Superhero Season 3, Episode 44, Superhero
2011 Dexter Brother Sam Season 6, recurring, (credited as "Mos" in 2 episodes, as "yasiin bey" in 3 episodes)
2013 Begin Again Saul as Yasiin Bey
2014 Life of Crime Ordell Robbie as Yasiin Bey
The Getaway Himself Season 2, Episode 7, in Morocco. as Yasiin Bey
2015 Amy Himself Credited as "yasiin bey"

Nominations

Black Movie Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2006 Mos Def Source Awards Nominated
Black Reel Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2004 Civil Brand Best Actor- Independent Nominated
2004 The Italian Job Best Supporting Actor Nominated
2005 Something the Lord Made Best Actor: T.V. Movie/Cable Nominated
The Woodsman Best Indie Actor Won
2008 Cadillac Records Best Supporting Actor Nominated
Primetime Emmy Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2004 Something the Lord Made Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie Nominated
Golden Globe Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2005 Something the Lord Made Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film Nominated
Grammy Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2005 "Sex, Love & Money" Best Urban/Alternative Performance Nominated
2006 "Ghetto Rock" Nominated
2007 "Undeniable" Best Rap Solo Performance Nominated
2010 "Casa Bey" Nominated
The Ecstatic Best Rap Album Nominated
2011 "Stylo" (with Gorillaz and Bobby Womack) Best Music Video Nominated
NAACP Image Awards
Year Nominee / work Award Result
2003 Brown Sugar Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated
2005 Something the Lord Made Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special Nominated
2009 Cadillac Records Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated

References

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  25. ^ [1] Archived March 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
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  31. ^ "Palm Advertising Campaign". palm.com. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
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  36. ^ A$AP Rocky (Ft. Acyde, A$AP Yams & Yasiin Bey) – Back Home, retrieved 2016-10-20
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  45. ^ http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.40865/title.yasiin-bey-f-k-a-mos-def-is-retiring-after-one-last-show
  46. ^ Schwartz, Danny (28 November 2016). "Yasiin Bey releases Local Time," "N.A.W." and "Seaside Panic Room from Dec. 99". Hotnewhiphop. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
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  50. ^ Yarbrough, Marti (2005-05-02). "Cover Story: Mos Def". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 58–62.
  51. ^ "Awards Archive". Outercritics.org. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  52. ^ "Mos Def | Television Academy". Emmys.com. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  53. ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (2009-03-27). "House: Mos Def'initely Deserves an Emmy". E!. Retrieved 2009-03-30. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[dead link‍]
  54. ^ Brantley, Ben (2010-11-18). "Theater Review – 'A Free Man of Color' – John Guare's 'Free Man of Color' at Vivian Beaumont". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-02-20. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ Guthrie, Marisa (May 11, 2011). "Mos Def Joins 'Dexter'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  56. ^ https://www.slated.com/films/64768/team/
  57. ^ Roberts, Roxanne; Amy Argetsinger (July 8, 2013). "Mos Def, aka Yasiin Bey, undergoes force-feeding to protest Guantanamo measures". The Reliable Source. The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  58. ^ Odiaga, L.V.R. (2000-05-23). "Mos Def, Black Thought To Perform At Mumia Benefit". MTV.com. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  59. ^ "Mos Def, Talib Kweli Fight For Exiled Political Activist". MTV News. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
  60. ^ "Mos Def arrested outside VMAs". Mp3.com. 2006-09-01. Retrieved 2007-11-09
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  62. ^ "4REAL Mos Def in Cidade de Deuas". 4real.com. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
  63. ^ "episode 147". Real Time with Bill Maher. Season 7. Episode 6. 2009-03-27. HBO. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ "Yasiin Bey (aka Mos Def) force-fed under standard Guantánamo Bay procedure – video". The Guardian. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  65. ^ "Yasiin Bey force-feeding video launches campaign to support Guantanamo hunger-strikers". Reprieve. 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
  66. ^ "The Source's Top 50 Lyricists Of All Time **Complete List Inside**". ThisIs50.com. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
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  71. ^ Amos Barshad (October 23, 2011). "Kendrick Lamar Makes New Friends". Retrieved May 2, 2015.
  72. ^ a b c "Scenes from a hip-hop marriage". TheStar.com. 29 June 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2014. She said there were several attempts at reconciliation, but that Mos Def, who has six children with four different women, has a demanding though not abusive demeanour that she found difficult to abide. They have not been together since October 2006, but despite a $115,000 financial settlement are not officially divorced.
  73. ^ Tang, Melisa (2006-06-29). "Mos Def Tossed Out of Court | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
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  78. ^ "Sheron Smith: Umi Says". All HipHop. March 29, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  79. ^ "Rapper Mos Def ordered to leave South Africa in passport row". BBC News. January 16, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  80. ^ J.J.C. (22 January 2016). "A rapper's plight raises the question of who has the right to issue passports". The Economist. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  81. ^ Williams, Stereo How Hip-Hop Lost Mos Def: Yasiin Bey Announces Retirement and Final Album Daily Beast. January 21, 2016
  82. ^ Puente, Maria (20 January 2016). "Mos Def held on immigration charges in South Africa, family ordered out". USA Today. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
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  84. ^ Cornelius, Jerome (March 24, 2016). "Mos Def 'World Passport' case postponed". Times. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  85. ^ SABC. "SABC News - Mos Def set to make another court appearance:Tuesday 31 May 2016". www.sabc.co.za. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  86. ^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/manifest-destiny-2004-mw0000259937

[1]

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  1. ^ Curtis, Edward E. Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History. New York: Facts on File, 2010. Print. Pg. 385.
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