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Onchan

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Onchan
Population9,172 (2006 census)[1]
OS grid referenceSC407780
ParishOnchan
SheadingGarff
Crown dependencyIsle of Man
Post townISLE OF MAN
Postcode districtIM3
Dialling code01624
PoliceIsle of Man
FireIsle of Man
AmbulanceIsle of Man
House of KeysOnchan
List of places
Isle of Man

Onchan /ˈɔːŋkən/ is a village in the parish of Onchan on the Isle of Man. It is at the north end of Douglas Bay. Although administratively a village, it has the second largest population on the island, after Douglas, with which it forms a conurbation.

In Manx the name for the village is Kione Droghad meaning "bridge end".

Early history

In the 1890s a 5,000-year-old stone age axe was found in the Cassa Field by Onchan wetlands. In the Viking reign Onchan became part of Middle sheading.[2] The name of the village is identified with St Connachan who was Bishop of Sodor and Man in 540 and the church named after him, Kirk Coonachan.[3][4] An early name for the village is Template:Lang-gv which literally translated means "bridgehead". The earliest written record of Kiondroghad was in the 1643 Manorial Roll, when it was very small. The name Kiondroghad appeared on the 1841 census but not the subsequent one a decade later.[5]

The Butt

Molly Carooin's Cottage

The village of Kiondroghad remained little changed for a couple of centuries apart from the old cottages being replaced by newer ones if they fell into disrepair. Gradually the village moved out of Church Road, known locally as The Butt, and spread a little. At the junction with the track that led towards the mountains (Avondale Road) a few more cottages appeared in the early 19th century. As Onchan approached the 20th century land was sold off for terraces of houses to be built. The area surrounding Church Road today is the village's heritage area and the location of Molly Carooin's Cottage which is maintained by the Friends Of Onchan's Heritage, a local volunteer group. The area features period lamp standards and since 2001 has been home to the newly developed Village Green which links Church Road with the Onchan Wetlands to the north west. There is also a vehicle garage, highways department depot, barber shop and several residential dwellings in the area which leads to St Peter's Church via the one-way road. The Jubilee Lamp was erected in this road in 1987 following relocation from White City, and this was the first electrically lit lamp standard on the island.

Twentieth century development

Onchan Head From The Sea

In the early twentieth century development was taking place in the Port Jack area as part of the Douglas Bay Estate Company’s promotion of land sales on the Howstrake Farm. Coupled with this they built an electric urban railway which later became a coastal railway to Ramsey. However, it never achieved its goal of connecting with the heart of Douglas to act as a commuter run. There was then a mixture of private houses, terraced houses and guest houses to take the overflow of visitors to Douglas. Further development took place in the 1930s.[6] During the Victorian and Edwardian tourism boom Onchan made a bid to become the island's second resort, encouraging the building of hotels and guest houses. The Manx Electric Railway was constructed in 1893 and in the early twentieth century Lower Onchan, around the Port Jack area, was the first area on the island to have electric-powered street lighting, powered by the Manx Electric Railway generators.[4] After World War II development gradually continued and in the 1960s the village commissioners built local authority housing.[7]

Government House

Main article: Government House, Isle of Man

The official residence of the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is Government House on Governor's Road. Originally named Bemahague House, the house was leased to Governor Henry Brougham Loch in 1865, and purchased by the Isle of Man Government in 1903 as the official residence for the Sovereign's representative.

Transport

Onchan Head Station

There are two Manx Electric Railway line stopping places in Onchan. Onchan Head railway station was the first official stopping place on the line and served the former White City pleasure grounds. There is also a stop at Port Jack. The village is also served frequently by the buses of Bus Vannin with many dedicated services between the village and the capital Douglas, serving the many housing estates including Ballachrink, Lakeside Gardens, Birch Hill and Governor's Hill, the latter being located in Douglas but through services often link all estates. With the introduction of a new all-island timetable in 2010 there is now a through service on a regular basis to Nobles Hospital which is located a short 15 road journey from the centre of the village. Most bus services pass through the heart of the village stopping either next to the Isle Of Man Bank on the Main Road or the opposite stop next to the Manx Arms Hotel on the other side of the road. The village and its estates are also served by through services to Laxey and Ramsey as well as by local taxi firms.

Religion

St Peter's Church

The Church of England parish church in Onchan is St Peter's on Church Road. The original church dated back to the 12th century which was dedicated to St Conchan. By 1760 the walls and roof had become dangerous and it was condemned in 1771. However, nothing was done until The Bishop of Sodor and Man, Bishop Ward commissioned a new church, and a foundation stone for the new church was laid in 1830, but due to pressures from the parishioners, was moved to its current position. The church was consecrated in 1833 and built by John Samuel Skillicorn. It was dedicated to Saint Peter. The church was refurbished in 1863. It was the first church on the island to be lit by electricity in 1897 to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria and was supplied by the Isle of Man Tramways and Power Company. [8] St Anthony's Roman Catholic Church is located on Ridgeway Road. Onchan Methodist Church, part of the Douglas and Peel circuit is on Main Road. Onchan Baptist Church is on Whitebridge road.

Facilities and accommodation

Private Dwelling In Onchan

The main shopping areas are The Village Walk, a small shopping arcade and Avondale Court, both off Avondale Road, Main Road and Port Jack. A house on the Whitebridge Road at one time had its own (private) miniature railway in its grounds. This was never a public railway. Onchan Community Centre is located off School Road with a community hall, sports hall, games room and committee room. There are a number of hotels and guest houses in the village and the Glen Dhoo and Lower Ballacottier campsites. DHSOB FC operate a campsite each year during the annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle racing.[9] The area has a number of residential housing estates including a large collection of local authority housing at Nursery Avenue, an estate at Ballachrink which also houses more local authority dwellings, Lakeside Gardens to the north east side of the village, Birch Hill, which can be found above the core village area and a number of older residences in the centre, notably Royal Avenue, Port Jack and Alberta Drive all of which were developed in the earliest years of the twentieth century.

Demographics

The Isle of Man census 2006 lists the population as 9,172, an increase from the population of 8,803 in 2001. It is the largest village on the island. It also has a higher population than three of the four towns - Castletown, Peel and Ramsey, making it the second largest settlement on the island.[1] Onchan is now principally a dormitory village, providing homes for workers in nearby Douglas.

Education

There are two primary schools in Onchan, Onchan Primary School on School Road with nearly 400 pupils and Ashley Hill Primary School (Template:Lang-gv) on Ashley Road which was opened in 1972 and has about 350 pupils.[10] For secondary education children in Onchan usually go to either Ballakermeen High School in Douglas or St Ninian's High School which has a lower school (years 7-9) in Onchan and an upper school (years 10-11 and sixth form) in Upper Douglas.

Captain Bligh

William Bligh, an officer of the British Royal Navy, and best known as "Captain Bligh" of Mutiny on the Bounty fame, married Elizabeth Betham, the daughter of a Customs Collector, on 4 February 1781 in Onchan.[11]

Sport

Football

Onchan is home to two football clubs, both of which compete in the Isle of Man Football League. Douglas High School Old Boys F.C. (DHSOB FC) are based at the DHSOB Football Ground, Blackberry Lane and are in the Premier League. Onchan F.C. are based at Nivison stadium, Onchan Pleasure Park and are in Division 2. The stadium was opened in 1952.

Stock cars

There is stock car racing held each week in the summer months in the Pleasure Park organised by the British Stock Car Association. There is also bowling, tennis and kart racing at the park as well as the Onchan Squash and Social Club.

Equestrian

The Abbeyland Equestrian Centre is on Scollag Road, but this has been knocked down and built over by houses

Golf

King Edward Bay Golf Club is an 18-hole golf course located in an elevated position on the east side of the village off the A11 King Edward Road.[12]

Pleasure Park

Onchan Pleasure Park is a leisure park which has a boating lake, miniature golf course, football pitch, tennis courts and a British Stock Car Association stock car racing track. Onchan Village Commissioners purchased farmland after World War II to build new homes and a recreation area with a large park containing a stadium with the first ever banked cycle track which was opened by Reg Harris, World Champion Sprint Cyclist and Britain's Sportsman of the Year, on 19 June 1951. The park cost £50,000 to build. The stadium is no longer used for cycling.[4][13]

Glens

Groudle Glen

Little Isabella

Groudle Glen and Molly Quirk's Glen. They meet at the Whitebridge, at the northern edge of the village on the main A2 coast road to Laxey. Groudle Glen extends right down to the coast and has been described as one of the most spectacular of all the island's glens. It was developed in the 1890s as a pleasure glen, with trees planted and long winding paths added. A bandstand, swings and various other minor attractions were also added. On the rocky headland, a small inlet had been dammed off to form a deep pool, which became the centre of the small headland zoo which exhibited sea lions and polar bears. To get visitors out to the highland zoo, the glen owners built a miniature railway. Today, the attractions have all but disappeared apart from the Groudle Glen Railway, which still runs during the summer months operated by a group of local railway enthusiasts, who in the 1980s completely re-built the line after it was closed and ripped up in the early 1960s.[4]

Molly Quirk's Glen

Molly Quirk's Glen was reputedly named after a woman who was murdered in her cottage. The glen covers about 5 acres (20,000 m2). At the far end of the glen the Clypse and Kerrowdhoo reservoirs now have a series of footpaths and ancient tracks for walkers.[4]

Bibaloe Glen

Bilaloe Glen was named after a ford at the bottom of Whitebridge Hill.

Raad Ny Foillan

The Raad ny Foillan (way of the gull) long distance coastal footpath opened in 1986 runs along the coast in the village commencing at Port Jack where it connects with Douglas and running as far as Howstrake Head before continuing into the neighbouring parish of Lonan.

Onchan wetlands

Marsh marigold

The Onchan wetlands (Template:Lang-gv) is a 1-acre (4,000 m2) nature reserve in Onchan village that contains a variety of habitats. The site was donated to the Manx Wildlife Trust in 1988 and is open to the public for viewing and has a footpath which is suitable for wheelchair users. The site contains curragh (wetlands - willow scrub), broadleaved trees, dub (pond), neutral grassland and embankments of tall grassland. This variety of habitats leads to a diversity of wildlife and plant life. Some of the plants and trees that grow in the wetlands are silver birch, ash, holly, rowan, marsh marigold, yellow flag, reed canary grass, hemlock water-dropwort, woody nightshade and cuckoo flower. Birds recorded on the site are the grey wagtail, goldcrest, woodcock, chiffchaff and hen harrier along with invertebrates and bats. There are also many frogs and spawn in early summer. [14]

Societies

Onchan Silver Band is a community-based fourth section brass band. It was founded in 1937.

References

  1. ^ a b "Isle of Man Census 2006 Summary Results" (PDF). Economic Affairs Division, Isle of Man Treasury. 2006. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  2. ^ "A Short History of Onchan - Introduction". Onchan Online. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  3. ^ "Onchan". Isle of Man Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Out and about in Onchan". Isle of Man Tourism. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  5. ^ "A Short History of Onchan - The Village of Onchan". Onchan Online. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  6. ^ "A Short History of Onchan - The Growth of Onchan up to the Second World War". Onchan Online. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  7. ^ "A Short History of Onchan - The Growth of Onchan from the Second World War to Today". Onchan Online. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  8. ^ "Onchan Parish Church, Isle of Man". isle-of-man.com. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  9. ^ "Blackberry Lane campsite". Isle of Man Government. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-03-23. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  10. ^ "About us..." Ashley Hill Primary School. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  11. ^ Kneale, Trevor; Croucher, Derek (2001-02-22). The Isle of Man (Pevensey Island Guides). Newton Abbot: David & Charles PLC. ISBN 1-898630-25-9.
  12. ^ "King Edward Bay Golf Course". Isle of Man Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  13. ^ "Onchan Pleasure Park". Isle of Man Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  14. ^ "Curragh Kiondroghad nature reserve in Onchan". Isle of Man Tourism. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
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