Republicans (Brazil)
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2012) |
Republicans Republicanos | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Marcos Pereira |
| Secretary-General | Evandro Garla |
| Founder | Marcelo Crivella |
| Founded | 16 December 2003 |
| Registered | 25 August 2005 |
| Headquarters | SDS-Setor de Diversão Sul-Ed. Miguel Badia, 30-Bloco L-3º Andar, Sala 320-Brasília/DF, Brazil |
| Think tank | Fundação Republicana Brasileira |
| Youth wing | Jovens Republicanos |
| Women's wing | Mulheres Republicanas |
| Elders' wing | Idosos Republicanos |
| Membership | 495,136 (2022) |
| Ideology | Social conservatism[1] Economic liberalism[2] |
| Political position | Centre-right to right-wing |
| Religion | Catholic Church (majority)[3][4] Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (supported)[5] |
| Colours | Navy Blue Green Yellow |
| Slogan | "The real conservative party of Brazil" |
| TSE Identification Number | 10 |
| Mayors | 212 / 5,570 |
| Chamber of Deputies | 40 / 513 |
| Federal Senate | 4 / 81 |
| Mercosur Parliament | 3 / 38 |
| State Assemblies | 42 / 1,024 |
| City Councillors | 2,601 / 56,810 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Website | |
| republicanos10 | |
The Republicans[6] (Portuguese: Republicanos), formerly the Brazilian Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Brasileiro, PRB) and originally formed as the Municipalist Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Municipalista Renovador, PMR), is a Brazilian political party. Its electoral number, the numerical assignment for Brazilian political parties, is 10.
The party is socially conservative and economically liberal,[6][1] and also has a strong association with the evangelical Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.[7][1] As the PRB, it was the party of former Vice President of Brazil José Alencar, where it was part of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's government.[8] While it also supported Dilma Rousseff until her impeachment,[9] it was one of the closest allies of the Bolsonaro government.[10]
History
[edit]The party was founded in August 2005 as the Municipalist Renovator Party by pastors of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.[11] Lula's Vice President José Alencar moved to PRB on 2005 after leaving the Liberal Party.[12] In March 2006, the party was renamed the Brazilian Republican Party.
The Brazilian Republican Party first fought against President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, then rallied behind him after his re-election in 2006. According to one study, the PRB was supportive of the Lula da Silva and Rousseff presidencies “on the basis of their concern for social democracy and for eliminating inequality.”[13] However, later the PRB started to join the new rising wave of conservativism and anti-petism[14][15] in Brazil and all of the PRB's deputies voted in favor of Dilma's impeachment.
They then supported the government of Michel Temer. In the 2018 presidential election, the Brazilian Republican Party supported the candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Geraldo Alckmin. Afterwards the party started to switch its support to President Jair Bolsonaro,[14] reflecting their strong ideological affinity.[14] For the 2022 Brazilian general election, the Republicans formed a coalition with the Liberal Party (PL) and the Progressives (PP) in order to support Jair Bolsonaro's 2022 presidential campaign.[16][17] Candidates launched by the Republicans had their image heavily associated and sometimes were endorsed by Bolsonaro.
In August 2019, the Brazilian Republican Party changed its name into Republicanos.[7] Justifying as "the name change reinforces the reformulation of the party's program and statutes... consolidating its position as a party conservative in customs and liberal in the economy”,[2] seeking to emulate the American Republican Party.[18] The name change came with a manifesto adopting a resolutely socially conservative position defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.[15]
Participation
[edit]The party leader as of 2024[update] was Marcos Pereira.
The party's most important members are Bishop Marcelo Crivella, Rio de Janeiro senator and nephew of Universal's founder Bishop Edir Macedo, journalist Celso Russomanno[19] and former Vice-President José Alencar. Famous football player Ronaldinho, also known as Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, joined the party in March 2018.[20]
Statistics
[edit]In 2022, it had 495,136 members.[21]
In 2012, 80% of its members were Catholic and 20% evangelical, including six from the universal Church.[22]
Ideology
[edit]| This article is part of a series on |
| Conservatism in Brazil |
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The party defines itself as "Socially conservative but economically liberal", defending Christian values, the traditional family and private property.[15] The party aligned itself with Jair Bolsonaro during his government from 2018 to 2022.[17]
Some commentators say that the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG), a neo-charismatic church that is organized like a business enterprise, has used the party as a base for its bishops to run for political office. According to the emeritus professor of political sciences from the University of Brasília, David Fleischer, "The PRB is an evangelical party."[1] Several members, such as Celso Russomanno,[19] are Catholic. Several leading members, such as Edir Macedo and Marcelo Crivella, have expressed statements of Christian fundamentalism and religious intolerance. A UN report accused members of the UCKG of verbal and physical attacks on members of the Umbanda and Candomblé religions.[23] Macedo considered participating in presidential elections in order to transform Brazil into a theocratic state.[23]
As mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Crivella called the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro an "un-Christian excess" and ordered severe financial cuts for the organisers.[24] Furthermore, he is known for statements of religious intolerance. In his 1999 book Evangelizing Africa, he claimed that homosexuality is a "terrible evil," that Catholics are "demonic", that African religions are based on "evil spirits," and that Hindus drink their children's blood.[25][26] He has since tried to distance himself from the book, saying that it was the work of a young, immature missionary.[25]
Electoral history
[edit]Presidential elections
[edit]| Election | Candidate | Running mate | Coalition | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| 2006 | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) | José Alencar (PRB) | PT; PRB; PCdoB | 46,662,365 | 48.6% (#1) | 58,295,042 | 60.8% (#1) | Elected 
|
| 2010 | Dilma Rousseff (PT) | Michel Temer (PMDB) | PT; PMDB; PR; PSB; PDT; PCdoB; PSC; PRB; PTC; PTN | 47,651,434 | 46.9% (#1) | 55,752,529 | 56.1% (#1) | Elected
|
| 2014 | PT; PMDB; PSD; PP; PR; PDT; PRB; PROS; PCdoB | 43,267,668 | 41.6% (#1) | 54,501,118 | 51.6 % (#1) | Elected
| ||
| 2018 | Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) | Ana Amélia (PP) | PSDB; PP; PR; PRB; PSD; SD; DEM; PTB; PPS | 5,096,350 | 4,76% (#4) | - | - | Lost 
|
| 2022 | Jair Bolsonaro (PL) | Walter Braga Netto (PL) | PL; PP; Republicanos | 51,072,345 | 43,2% (#2) | 58,206,354 | 49,1% (#2) | Lost
|
| Source: Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup | ||||||||
Legislative elections
[edit]| Election | Chamber of Deputies | Federal Senate | Role in government | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | ||
| 2006 | 244,059 | 0.26% | 1 / 513
|
New | 264,155 | 0.31% | 2 / 81
|
New | Coalition |
| 2010 | 1,633,500 | 1.69% | 7 / 513
|
 6
|
3,332,886 | 1.96% | 1 / 81
|
 1
|
Coalition |
| 2014 | 4,423,993 | 4.55% | 21 / 513
|
13
|
301,162 | 0.34% | 1 / 81
|
 0
|
Coalition |
| 2018 | 4,992,016 | 5.08% | 30 / 513
|
9
|
1,505,607 | 0.88% | 1 / 81
|
0
|
Coalition |
| 2022 | 7,618,108 | 6.91% | 42 / 513
|
12
|
4,259,279 | 4.19% | 3 / 81
|
2
|
Independent |
| Sources: Election Resources, Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006) | |||||||||
Notable members
[edit]Current
[edit]- Hamilton Mourão - Vice President of Brazil (2019–2023) and Senator for Rio Grande do Sul (2023–present)
- Marcos Pereira - Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies (2019–present); Federal Deputy for São Paulo (2019–present); President of Republicans (2018–present); Minister of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services (2016–2018)
- Damares Alves - Senator for the Federal District (2023-present)
- Marcelo Crivella - Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (2017–2021); Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture (2012–2014); Senator for Rio de Janeiro (2003–2017)
- Tarcísio de Freitas - Minister of Infrastructure (2019–2022); Governor of São Paulo (2023–present)
- Mecias de Jesus - Senator for Roraima (2019–present)
- Celso Russomanno - Federal Deputy for São Paulo (1995–2011; 2015–present)
- Johnathan de Jesus - Federal Deputy for Roraima (2011–present)
- Silas Câmara - Federal Deputy for Amazonas (1999–present)
- Rosângela Gomes - Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (2015–present)
- Cléber Verde - Federal Deputy for Maranhão (2007–present)
- Pinto Itamaraty - Senator for Maranhão (2016–2017)
- Ronaldinho - Footballer (2018-present)
Former
[edit]- José Alencar - Vice President of Brazil (2003–2010); Minister of Defense (2004-2006); Senator for Minas Gerais (1999–2002)
- Clarissa Garotinho - Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (2015–present)
- Lincoln Portela - Federal Deputy for Minas Gerais (1999–present)
- Flávio Bolsonaro - Senator for Rio de Janeiro (2020–2021)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Phillips, Dom (March 21, 2018). "Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ a b "PRB passa a se chamar "Republicanos"". Congresso em Foco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ "Russomanno, o católico - Opinião". Estadão.
- ^ SP, Do G1 (September 20, 2012). "Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV". Eleições 2012 em São Paulo.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "MEC autoriza funcionamento de faculdade de partido ligado à Universal - Política". Estadão.
- ^ a b "TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos" (in Portuguese). Poder360. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- ^ a b "TSE autoriza mudança do PRB para Republicanos". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
- ^ "Presidente do PRB anuncia que bancada votará pelo impeachment". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ "PRB rompe com Dilma e é primeiro partido a deixar base do governo". R7 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ Barbiéri, Luiz Felipe (2022-11-23). "Integrante da base de Bolsonaro, Republicanos diz que será independente no governo Lula". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ Bruno Gomes, Les évangéliques au Brésil : stratégies territoriales et participation politique, Hérodote, vol. no 119, no. 4, 2005, p. 70-71
- ^ Cristina Horta,ESCÂNDALO DO "MENSALÃO"/RUMO A 2006, folha.uol.com.br, Brazil, September 30, 2005
- ^ Lansford, Tom (2014-03-20). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483386263.
- ^ a b c "Anne Vigna, "Brazil's religious-media-political complex"".
- ^ a b c Maia, Dominique (2022-07-06). "História do Republicanos: o verdadeiro Partido Conservador? | Politize!" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-18.
- ^ "Em ato com Bolsonaro e líderes do Centrão, PP aprova aliança com PL e apoio à reeleição do presidente". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 27 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b "Partido Republicanos oficializa apoio à candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-07-30. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ "PRB anuncia mudança para Republicanos e será 8º partido a trocar de nome". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-23.
- ^ a b "Longe do PP, Celso Russomanno diz que eleitorado de Maluf é bem-vindo". JB. 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Brazil World Cup winner Ronaldinho joins evangelical conservative party". the Guardian. March 21, 2018.
- ^ Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados Archived 2018-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, tse.jus.br, Brazil, accessed January 14, 2023
- ^ Klett, César Tralli; SP, Do G1 (September 20, 2012). "Russomanno é entrevistado pelo SPTV". g1.globo.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Frayssinet, Fabiana (3 July 2009). "RELIGION-BRAZIL: Intolerance Denounced At UN". Interpress Service.
- ^ Philipp Lichterbeck: Brasilien: Droht dem Karneval das Aus? In: Der Tagesspiegel 19 December 2017
- ^ a b Leahy, Joe (October 24, 2016). "Brazil's evangelicals push politics to the right". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
- ^ Samuels, Gabriel (November 2, 2016). "Rio de Janeiro elects mayor who said homosexuality is 'evil'". The Independent. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
External links
[edit]- Republicanos 10 | Portal de Notícias Oficial, Official website