UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists

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Map showing the distribution of Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage by State Parties as of 2005. Note: transboundary properties have been redistributed among the concerned countries for the locator map, hence, have been counted multiple times.

The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity is a UNESCO program that aims to ensure the better visibility of intangible cultural heritage and the awareness of its significance.[1] Through a compendium of the different oral and intangible treasures of humankind worldwide, the program aims to draw attention to the importance of safeguarding intangible heritage, which has been identified by UNESCO as an essential component and a repository of cultural diversity and creative expression.[2][3]

Proclaimed Masterpieces

The program was established in 2008, when the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage took effect.[4] Prior to this, a project known as the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity has already been active in recognizing the value of intangibles such as tradition, custom and cultural spaces and the local actors who sustain these forms of cultural expressions through a Proclamation.[2] The identification of the Masterpieces also entail the commitment of states to promote and safeguard these treasures, while UNESCO finances plans for their conservation.[2] Started in 2001 and held biennially until 2005, a total of three Proclamations occurred, encompassing 90 forms of intangible heritage around the world.[3]

The 90 previously proclaimed Masterpieces have been incorporated into the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as its first entries, to be known as elements.[1][5] Subsequent elements will be added following the assessment of nominations submitted by national governments acceding to the UNESCO Convention, termed as member states, who are each allowed to submit a single candidature file, in addition to multi-national candidatures. A panel of experts in intangible heritage and an appointed body, known as the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, then examine each of the nominations before officially inscribing the candidates as elements on the List.[6]

76 more elements were added on 30 September 2009, during the fourth session of the Committee.[7]

List by country

File:Mugam old.jpg
Considered to be the classical music of Azerbaijan, the Mugham is a traditional musical form characterized by a large degree of improvisation and draws upon popular stories and local melodies.
File:Binche MCL01.jpg
With roots dating back to the Middle Ages, the famed Carnival of Binche in Belgium ranks as one of Europe’s oldest surviving street carnivals.[8]
Renowned for the virtuosity of its rhythmic patterns, Kun Qu opera, has had a considerable influence on more recent forms of Chinese opera.[9]
Founded by escaped slaves in the 17th century, the cultural space of the Colombian village of Palenque de San Basilio encompasses social, medical and religious practices as well as musical and oral traditions of African origin.[10]
The Estonian Song Festival takes place every five years. The festival has grown a lot since the first one in 1869, today forming one of the biggest choires in the world.
The balafon, a wooden keyed percussion instrument from West Africa, reputedly traces its origin to the 800-year-old Sosso Bala sacred instrument in Niagassola, Guinea.
Ramlila is a performance of the Ramayana epic in a series of scenes that include song, narration, recital and dialogue. It is performed across northern India during the festival of Dussehra.[11]
The Wayang Puppet Theatre, renowned for its elaborate puppets and complex musical styles, still enjoys great popularity in Indonesia.[12]
Tray and palm nuts are some of the instruments used for the Ifá, a system of divination in the Yoruba culture of Nigeria.
The weaving tradition on the Peruvian island of Taquile, located in Lake Titicaca, goes back to the ancient Inca, Pukara and Colla civilizations.[13]
The performance of the Pansori, a genre of Korean traditional music, can last up to eight hours, as accompanied by a single barrel drum and improvising on texts that combine rural and erudite literary expressions.[14]
The Mystery Play of Elx is a liturgical drama dating from the Middle Ages, which is enacted and celebrated in the Basilica de Santa María in the city of Elche (Spain) on the 14 and 15th of August of each year.
Turkey's Mevleviye are renowned for their whirling dances. The body of the whirler is meant to be supple, with eyes open but unfocused so that images become blurred and flowing.[15]
Often considered Tonga’s national dance, Lakalaka is a blend of choreography, oratory, and vocal and instrumental polyphony.[16] In 2003, it was proclaimed as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Member state Element[A] Year Proclaimed[B] Year Inscribed[C] Region[D] Reference
Albania Albanian Folk Iso-Polyphony 2005 2008 ENA [17]
Algeria The Ahellil of Gourara 2005 2008 AST [18]
Argentina The Tango 2009 2009 LAC
Armenia The Duduk and its Music 2005 2008 ENA [19]
Azerbaijan The Azerbaijani Mugham 2003 2008 ENA [20]
Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Turkey Nowruz 2009 2009 ENA
Azerbaijan The art of Azerbaijani Ashiq 2009 2009 ENA
Bangladesh Baul Songs 2005 2008 APA [21]
Belarus Rite of the Kalyady Tsars 2009 2009 ENA
Belgium The Carnival of Binche 2003 2008 ENA [8]
Belgium Procession of the Holy Blood in Bruges 2009 2009 ENA
Belgium & France Processional Giants and Dragons in Belgium and France 2005 2008 ENA [22]
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras & Nicaragua Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna 2001 2008 LAC [23]
Benin, Nigeria & Togo The Oral Heritage of Gelede 2001 2008 AFR [24]
Bhutan The Mask Dance of the Drums from Drametse 2005 2008 APA [25]
Bolivia The Carnival of Oruro 2001 2008 LAC [26]
Bolivia The Andean Cosmovision of the Kallawaya 2003 2008 LAC [27]
Brazil Oral and Graphic Expressions of the Wajapi 2003 2008 LAC [28]
Brazil The Samba de Roda of Recôncavo of Bahia 2005 2008 LAC [29]
Bulgaria The Bistritsa Babi – Archaic Polyphony, Dances and Rituals from the Shoplouk Region 2005 2008 ENA [30]
Bulgaria The Nestinarstvo – a Panagyr ritual - fire-dancing rite, on the feast days of Saints Constantine and Helena 2009 2009 ENA
Cambodia The Royal Ballet of Cambodia 2003 2008 APA [31]
Cambodia Sbek Thom, Khmer Shadow Theatre 2005 2008 APA [32]
Central African Republic The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa 2003 2008 AFR [33]
China Kunqu opera 2001 2008 APA [9]
China The Guqin and its music 2003 2008 APA [34]
China The Uyghur Muqam of Xinjiang 2005 2008 APA [35]
China China engraved block printing technique 2009 2009 APA
China Chinese calligraphy 2009 2009 APA
China Chinese paper-cut 2009 2009 APA
China Chinese traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures 2009 2009 APA
China Farmers’ dance of China’s Korean ethnic group 2009 2009 APA
China Gesar epic tradition 2009 2009 APA
China Grand song of the Dong ethnic group 2009 2009 APA
China Hua’er 2009 2009 APA
China Manas 2009 2009 APA
China Mongolian art of singing: Khoomei 2009 2009 APA
China Nanyin 2009 2009 APA
China Regong arts 2009 2009 APA
China Sericulture and silk craftsmanship of China 2009 2009 APA
China The Dragon Boat Festival 2009 2009 APA
China The Mazu belief and customs 2009 2009 APA
China The art of Chinese seal engraving 2009 2009 APA
China The craftsmanship of Nanjing Yunjin brocade 2009 2009 APA
China The traditional firing technology of Longquan celadon 2009 2009 APA
China The traditional handicrafts of making Xuan paper 2009 2009 APA
China Tibetan opera 2009 2009 APA
China Xi’an wind and percussion ensemble 2009 2009 APA
China Yueju opera 2009 2009 APA
Colombia The Carnival of Barranquilla 2003 2008 LAC [36]
Colombia The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio 2005 2008 LAC [10]
Colombia Carnaval de Negros y Blancos 2009 2009 LAC
Colombia Holy Week processions in Popayán 2009 2009 LAC
Costa Rica Oxherding and Oxcart Traditions in Costa Rica 2005 2008 LAC [37]
Côte d’Ivoire The Gbofe of Afounkaha - the Music of the Transverse Trumps of the Tagbana Community 2001 2008 AFR [38]
Croatia Annual carnival bell ringers’ pageant from the Kastav area 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia Lacemaking in Croatia 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia Procession Za Krizen on the island of Hvar 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia Spring procession of Ljelje/Kraljice from Gorjani 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia The festivity of Saint Blaise, the patron of Dubrovnik 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia Traditional manufacturing of children’s wooden toys in Hrvatsko Zagorje 2009 2009 ENA
Croatia Two-part singing and playing in the Istrian scale 2009 2009 ENA
Cuba La Tumba Francesa 2003 2008 LAC [39]
Cyprus Lefkara laces or Lefkaritika 2009 2009 ENA
Czech Republic Slovácko Verbuňk, Dance of Recruits 2005 2008 ENA [40]
Dominican Republic The Cultural Space of the Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella 2001 2008 LAC [41]
Dominican Republic The Cocolo Dance Drama Tradition 2005 2008 LAC [42]
Ecuador & Peru The Oral Heritage and Cultural Manifestations of the Zápara People 2001 2008 LAC [43]
Egypt The Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah Epic 2003 2008 AST [44]
Estonia The Kihnu Cultural Space 2003 2008 ENA [45]
Estonia Seto Leelo, Seto polyphonic singing tradition 2009 2009 ENA [46]
France Aubusson tapestry 2009 2009 ENA
France Maloya 2009 2009 ENA [47]
France The scribing tradition in French timber framing 2009 2009 ENA
Georgia Georgian Polyphonic Singing 2001 2008 ENA [48]
Guatemala The Rabinal Achí Dance Drama Tradition 2005 2008 LAC [49]
Guinea The Cultural Space of Sosso-Bala 2001 2008 AFR [50]
Hungary Busó festivities at Mohács: masked end-of-winter carnival custom 2009 2009 ENA
India Kutiyattam, Sanskrit Theatre 2001 2008 APA [51]
India The Tradition of Vedic Chanting 2003 2008 APA [52]
India Ramlila - the Traditional Performance of the Ramayana 2005 2008 APA [11]
India Ramman: religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas 2009 2009 APA
Indonesia The Wayang Puppet Theatre 2003 2008 APA [12]
Indonesia The Indonesian Kris 2005 2008 APA [53]
Indonesia The Indonesian Batik 2009 2009 APA [54]
Iran (Persia) The Radif of Persian music, 2009 2009 APA [55]
Iraq The Iraqi Maqam 2003 2008 AST [56]
Italy Opera dei Pupi, Sicilian Puppet Theatre 2001 2008 ENA [57]
Italy Canto a tenore, Sardinian Pastoral Songs 2005 2008 ENA [58]
Jamaica The Maroon Heritage of Moore Town 2003 2008 LAC [59]
Japan Nôgaku Theatre 2001 2008 APA [60]
Japan Ningyo Johruri Bunraku Puppet Theatre 2003 2008 APA [61]
Japan Kabuki Theatre 2005 2008 APA [62]
Japan Akiu no Taue Odori 2009 2009 APA
Japan Chakkirako 2009 2009 APA
Japan Daimokutate 2009 2009 APA
Japan Dainichido Bugaku 2009 2009 APA
Japan Gagaku 2009 2009 APA
Japan Hayachine Kagura 2009 2009 APA
Japan Hitachi Furyumono 2009 2009 APA
Japan Koshikijima no Toshidon 2009 2009 APA
Japan Ojiya-chijimi, Echigo-jofu: techniques of making ramie fabric in Uonuma region 2009 2009 APA
Japan Oku-noto no Aenokoto 2009 2009 APA
Japan Sekishu-Banshi: papermaking in the Iwami region of Shimane Prefecture 2009 2009 APA
Japan Traditional Ainu dance 2009 2009 APA
Japan Yamahoko, the float ceremony of the Kyoto Gion festival 2009 2009 APA
Jordan The Cultural Space of the Bedu in Petra and Wadi Rum 2005 2008 AST [63]
Kyrgyzstan The Art of Akyns, Kyrgyz Epic Tellers 2003 2008 APA [64]
Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania The Baltic Song and Dance Celebrations 2003 2008 ENA [65]
Lithuania Cross-crafting and its Symbolism 2001 2008 ENA [66]
Madagascar The Woodcrafting Knowledge of the Zafimaniry 2003 2008 AFR [67]
Malawi The Vimbuza Healing Dance 2005 2008 AFR [68]
Malawi, Mozambique & Zambia The Gule Wamkulu 2005 2008 AFR [69]
Malaysia Mak Yong Theatre 2005 2008 APA [70]
Mali The Cultural Space of the Yaaral and Degal 2003 2008 AFR [71]
Mali The Manden Charter, proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga 2009 2009 AFR
Mali The septennial re-roofing ceremony of the Kamablon, sacred house of Kangaba 2009 2009 AFR
Mexico The Indigenous Festivity dedicated to the Dead 2003 2008 LAC [72]
Mexico Places of memory and living traditions of the Otomí-Chichimecas people of Tolimán: the Peña de Bernal, guardian of a sacred territory 2009 2009 LAC
Mexico Ritual ceremony of the Voladores 2009 2009 LAC
Mongolia The Traditional Music of the Morin Khuur 2003 2008 APA [73]
Mongolia & China Urtiin Duu - Traditional Folk Long Song 2005 2008 APA [74]
Morocco The Cultural Space of Jemaa el-Fna Square 2001 2008 AST [75]
Morocco The Moussem of Tan-Tan 2005 2008 AST [76]
Mozambique The Chopi Timbila 2005 2008 AFR [77]
Nicaragua El Güegüense 2005 2008 LAC [78]
Nigeria The Ifá Divination System 2005 2008 AFR [79]
Nigeria Ijele masquerade 2009 2009 AFR
Palestine The Palestinian Hikaye 2005 2008 AST [80]
Peru Taquile and its Textile Art 2005 2008 LAC [13]
Philippines The Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao 2001 2008 APA [81]
Philippines The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao 2005 2008 APA [82]
Republic of Korea The Royal Ancestral Ritual in the Jongmyo Shrine and its Music 2001 2008 APA [83]
Republic of Korea The Pansori Epic Chant 2003 2008 APA [14]
Republic of Korea The Gangneung Danoje Festival 2005 2008 APA [84]
Republic of Korea Cheoyongmu 2009 2009 APA
Republic of Korea Ganggangsullae 2009 2009 APA
Republic of Korea Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut 2009 2009 APA
Republic of Korea Namsadang Nori 2009 2009 APA
Republic of Korea Yeongsanjae 2009 2009 APA
Romania The Căluş Tradition 2005 2008 ENA [85]
Romania Doina 2009 2009 ENA
Russian Federation The Cultural Space and Oral Culture of the Semeiskie 2001 2008 ENA [86]
Russian Federation The Olonkho, Yakut Heroic Epos 2005 2008 ENA [87]
Senegal & Gambia The Kankurang, Manding Initiatory Rite 2005 2008 AFR [88]
Slovakia The Fujara and its Music 2005 2008 ENA [89]
Spain The Mystery Play of Elche 2001 2008 ENA [90]
Spain The Patum of Berga 2005 2008 ENA [91]
Spain Irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast: the Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia and the Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia 2009 2009 ENA
Spain Whistled language of the island of La Gomera 2009 2009 ENA
Tonga The Lakalaka, Dances and Sung Speeches of Tonga 2003 2008 APA [16]
Turkey The Arts of the Meddah, Public Storytellers 2003 2008 APA [92]
Turkey The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony 2005 2008 APA [15]
Turkey Karagöz 2009 2009 APA
Turkey Âşıklık tradition 2009 2009 APA
Uganda Barkcloth Making in Uganda 2005 2008 AFR [93]
Uruguay The Candombe and its socio-cultural space: a community practice 2009 2009 LAC
Uruguay The Tango 2009 2009 LAC
Uzbekistan The Cultural Space of the Boysun District 2001 2008 APA [94]
Uzbekistan Shashmaqom Music 2003 2008 APA [95]
Uzbekistan Katta Ashula 2009 2009 APA
Vanuatu Vanuatu Sand Drawings 2003 2008 APA [96]
Vietnam Nha Nhac, Vietnamese Court Music 2003 2008 APA [97]
Vietnam The Space of Gong Culture 2005 2008 APA [98]
Vietnam The Quan ho folk songs 2009 2009 APA [99]
Yemen The Song of Sana’a 2003 2008 AST [100]
Zambia The Makishi Masquerade 2005 2008 AFR [101]
Zimbabwe The Mbende Jerusarema Dance 2005 2008 AFR [102]

Statistics

By year

Reflecting the program’s aim of raising awareness on intangible heritage, the three instances of Proclamation saw an increasing trend in the number of candidates submitted by member states, as well as in the number of Masterpieces ultimately proclaimed:

Proclamation Date Number of Masterpieces Number of candidates
1st May 2001 19 32
2nd November 2003 28 56
3rd November 2005 43 64

By region

Reflecting in its size the vast variety and scope of intangible heritage, Asia and the Pacific Region accounts for more than a third of all the Masterpieces proclaimed. China leads the region with four Masterpieces (one shared with Mongolia), followed by India, Japan and the Republic of Korea with three each.

Region Number of Masterpieces Number of member states/territories
Africa 14 15
Arab States 8 7
Asia and the Pacific 32 18[E]
Europe and North America 19 17[F]
Latin America and the Caribbean 17 14
Total 90 71

Notes

^ A. Names and spellings used for the elements were based on the official List as published.
^ B. A total of three Proclamations of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity were made in 2001, 2003 and 2005. The proclamation was superseded in 2008 when the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity was established.
^ C. The 90 elements that were previously proclaimed as Masterpieces have been inscribed onto the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as per the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
^ D. Grouping of member states by region is based on the official List as published. Abbreviations were used for convenience:

  • AFR: Africa
  • AST: Arab States
  • APA: Asia and the Pacific
  • ENA: Europe and North America
  • LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean

^ E. Turkey is included in the Asia and the Pacific Region.
^ F. The Transcaucasian States of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, and Russian Federation are included in the Europe and North America Region.

References

  1. ^ a b "Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003". UNESCO. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  2. ^ a b c "UNESCO ISSUES FIRST EVER PROCLAMATION OF MASTERPIECES OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE". UNESCO Press. 2001-05-18. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  3. ^ a b "The Samba of Roda and the Ramlila proclaimed Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". UNESCO Press. 2005-11-25. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  4. ^ "Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage". Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  5. ^ "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity". Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  6. ^ "Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage". Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  7. ^ The Tango, Ainu dance of Japan and France’s Aubusson tapestry inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity - | UNESCO.ORG October 1, 2009.
  8. ^ a b "The Carnival of Binche". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  9. ^ a b "Kun Qu Opera". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  10. ^ a b "The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  11. ^ a b "Ramlila - the Traditional Performance of the Ramayana". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  12. ^ a b "The Wayang Puppet Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  13. ^ a b "Taquile and its Textile Art". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  14. ^ a b "The Pansori Epic Chant". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  15. ^ a b "The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  16. ^ a b "The Lakalaka, Dances and Sung Speeches of Tonga". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  17. ^ "Albanian Folk Iso-Polyphony". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  18. ^ "The Ahellil of Gourara". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  19. ^ "The Duduk and its Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  20. ^ "The Azerbaijani Mugham". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  21. ^ "Baul Songs". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  22. ^ "Processional Giants and Dragons in Belgium and France". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  23. ^ "Language, Dance and Music of the Garifuna". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  24. ^ "The Oral Heritage of Gelede". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  25. ^ "The Mask Dance of the Drums from Drametse". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  26. ^ "The Carnival of Oruro". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  27. ^ "The Andean Cosmovision of the Kallawaya". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  28. ^ "Oral and Graphic Expressions of the Wajapi". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  29. ^ "The Samba de Roda of Recôncavo of Bahia". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  30. ^ "The Bistritsa Babi – Archaic Polyphony, Dances and Rituals from the Shoplouk Region". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  31. ^ "The Royal Ballet of Cambodia". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  32. ^ "Sbek Thom, Khmer Shadow Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  33. ^ "The Polyphonic Singing of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  34. ^ "The Guqin and its Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  35. ^ "The Uyghur Muqam of Xinjiang". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  36. ^ "The Carnival of Barranquilla". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  37. ^ "Oxherding and Oxcart Traditions in Costa Rica". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  38. ^ "The Gbofe of Afounkaha - the Music of the Transverse Trumps of the Tagbana Community". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  39. ^ "La Tumba Francesa". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  40. ^ "Slovácko Verbuňk, Dance of Recruits". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  41. ^ "The Cultural Space of the Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  42. ^ "The Cocolo Dance Drama Tradition". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  43. ^ "The Oral Heritage and Cultural Manifestations of the Zápara People". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  44. ^ "The Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah Epic". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  45. ^ "The Kihnu Cultural Space". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  46. ^ "The Kihnu Cultural Space". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  47. ^ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00249
  48. ^ "Georgian Polyphonic Singing". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  49. ^ "The Rabinal Achí Dance Drama Tradition http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=34". UNESCO Culture Sector. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  50. ^ "The Cultural Space of Sosso-Bala". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  51. ^ "Kutiyattam, Sanskrit Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  52. ^ "The Tradition of Vedic Chanting". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  53. ^ "The Indonesian Kris". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  54. ^ "The Indonesian Batik". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
  55. ^ "The Radif of Iranian music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  56. ^ "The Iraqi Maqam". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  57. ^ "Opera dei Pupi, Sicilian Puppet Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  58. ^ "Canto a tenore, Sardinian Pastoral Songs". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  59. ^ "The Maroon Heritage of Moore Town". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  60. ^ "Nôgaku Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  61. ^ "Ningyo Johruri Bunraku Puppet Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  62. ^ "Kabuki Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  63. ^ "The Cultural Space of the Bedu in Petra and Wadi Rum". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  64. ^ "The Art of Akyns, Kyrgyz Epic Tellers". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  65. ^ "The Baltic Song and Dance Celebrations". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  66. ^ "Cross-crafting and its Symbolism". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  67. ^ "The Woodcrafting Knowledge of the Zafimaniry". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  68. ^ "The Vimbuza Healing Dance". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  69. ^ "The Gule Wamkulu". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  70. ^ "Mak Yong Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  71. ^ "The Cultural Space of the Yaaral and Degal". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  72. ^ "The Indigenous Festivity dedicated to the Dead". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  73. ^ "The Traditional Music of the Morin Khuur". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  74. ^ "Urtiin Duu - Traditional Folk Long Song". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  75. ^ "The Cultural Space of Jemaa el-Fna Square". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  76. ^ "The Moussem of Tan-Tan". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  77. ^ "The Chopi Timbila". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  78. ^ "El Güegüense". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  79. ^ "The Ifa Divination System". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  80. ^ "The Palestinian Hikaye". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  81. ^ "The Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  82. ^ "The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  83. ^ "The Royal Ancestral Ritual in the Jongmyo Shrine and its Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  84. ^ "The Gangneung Danoje Festival". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  85. ^ "The Căluş Tradition". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  86. ^ "The Cultural Space and Oral Culture of the Semeiskie". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  87. ^ "The Olonkho, Yakut Heroic Epos". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  88. ^ "The Kankurang, Manding Initiatory Rite". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  89. ^ "The Fujara and its Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  90. ^ "The Mystery Play of Elche". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  91. ^ "The Patum of Berga". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  92. ^ "The Arts of the Meddah, Public Storytellers". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  93. ^ "Barkcloth Making in Uganda". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  94. ^ "The Cultural Space of the Boysun District". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  95. ^ "Shashmaqom Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  96. ^ "Vanuatu Sand Drawings". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  97. ^ "Nha Nhac, Vietnamese Court Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  98. ^ "The Space of Gong Culture". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  99. ^ "Quan ho folk songs".
  100. ^ "The Song of Sana'a". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  101. ^ "The Makishi Masquerade". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  102. ^ "The Mbende Jerusarema Dance". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2009-09-07.

External links

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