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Super Metroid
North American box art, depicting Samus Aran in battle with Ridley
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)Nintendo
Director(s)Yoshio Sakamoto
Producer(s)Makoto Kano
Artist(s)
Writer(s)Yoshio Sakamoto
Composer(s)
SeriesMetroid
Platform(s)Super NES
Release
  • JP: March 19, 1994
  • NA: April 18, 1994
  • PAL: July 28, 1994
Genre(s)Action-adventure
Mode(s)Single-player

Super Metroid[a][b] is an action-adventure video game published by Nintendo, developed by its Research & Development 1 (R&D1) division, and programmed by Intelligent Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The third installment in the Metroid series, it was released in 1994. The game was directed and written by Yoshio Sakamoto, and produced by Makoto Kano, with Gunpei Yokoi serving as general manager.

Super Metroid is a direct sequel to Metroid II: Return of Samus (1991). The player controls bounty hunter Samus Aran as she attempts to retrieve a Metroid larva stolen by the Space Pirate leader Ridley. The gameplay focuses on exploration, with the player searching for power-ups that are used to reach previously inaccessible areas. It introduces new concepts to the series, such as the inventory screen, an automapping facility, and the ability to fire in all directions.

Super Metroid received critical acclaim from critics, who praised its atmosphere, gameplay, music, graphics and cinematic elements. It is often described as one of the greatest video games of all time. While the game did not sell well in Japan, it fared better in North America. Super Metroid became popular among players for speedrunning, and its gameplay and design influenced other games, including Shadow Complex and Axiom Verge. The game was followed by the 2002 release of Metroid Fusion and Metroid Prime, ending the series' eight-year hiatus. Since 2007, Super Metroid has been released for the Virtual Console service on the Wii, the Wii U, and the New Nintendo 3DS.

Gameplay

See also: Gameplay of the Metroid series
A person in a powered exoskeleton uses a grappling beam to swing across.
Power-ups and abilities, such as the Grapple Beam, allow Samus to reach previously inaccessible areas. Her health, stock of weapons and a gridded automap are displayed on the top of the screen.

Super Metroid is a 2D, side-scrolling action-adventure game,[2][3] which primarily takes place on the fictional planet Zebes—a large, open-ended world with areas connected by doors and elevators.[4] The player controls Samus Aran as she searches the planet for a Metroid that was stolen by Ridley, the leader of the Space Pirates.[5] Samus can run, jump, crouch, and fire a weapon in eight directions; she can also perform other actions, such as wall jumping—jumping from one wall to another in rapid succession to reach higher areas. The "Moon Walk" ability, named after the popular dance move of the same name, allows Samus to walk backwards while firing or charging her weapon.[6][7] The heads-up display shows Samus' health, the supply mode for reserve tanks, icons that represent weapons, and an automap that shows her location and its surroundings.[8]

Throughout the course of the game, the player collects power-ups that enhance Samus' armor and weaponry, as well as grant her special abilities, allowing Samus to access areas that were previously inaccessible.[3] The Morph Ball allows Samus to curl into a ball, roll into tight places and plant bombs; the Spring Ball adds an ability to jump while in Morph Ball form.[9] The Speed Booster can be used to run at high speeds, and can crash onto barriers and enemies.[7][9] The Space Jump allows Samus to jump infinite times to cover great distances,[10][11] and the Hi-Jump Boots allow for a higher jump.[9] The Grapple Beam can be used to swing across open areas.[7][10] The X-ray Scope is used to see items and passages through walls and other surfaces.[9]

Super Metroid features an inventory screen, in which the player can enable and disable weapons and abilities, combine Samus' weapon beams, or replenish her health by using acquired reserve tanks; when the supply mode is set to "auto", the reserve tanks are automatically used if Samus' health is depleted.[12] The save system from Metroid II: Return of Samus returns in Super Metroid,[3] which allows the player to save and resume the game at any of the save points scattered around the planet.[13] The player can also save the game at Samus' gunship, which fully recharges her health and ammunition as well.[4] Super Metroid has three endings based on the time taken to complete the game, which determine whether Samus poses with or without her suit. The best ending is achieved when the game is completed under three hours.[14]

Plot

Metroid
Story chronology
Main series in bold, remakes in parentheses
[15][16]

Super Metroid opens with a narrative by bounty hunter Samus Aran.[17] Samus describes how a Metroid larva hatched from an egg and immediately imprinted upon her, believing her to be its mother. She brought the larva to Ceres Space Colony, where scientists believed that they could harness its power.[5] Just after she left the colony, she received a distress call and returned to find the scientists dead and the larva stolen by Ridley—the leader of the Space Pirates.[17] Samus escapes from the space colony when its self-destruct sequence is activated,[17] and follows Ridley to the planet Zebes. There, she searches for the stolen larva in a network of caves, and finds that the Space Pirates rebuilt and expanded their base on Zebes.[5]

Along the way, Samus defeats four of the Space Pirate bosses, including Kraid and Ridley, and arrives in Tourian—the heart of the Space Pirate base.[18] There, she encounters the Metroid larva, which has now grown to an enormous size. It attacks Samus and nearly drains all of her energy before it realizes who she is, and then departs.[19] Samus recharges her energy and confronts Mother Brain, the biomechanical creature that controls the base's systems and all the enemy forces on Zebes. Mother Brain nearly kills Samus, but is then attacked by the Metroid larva, which drains it of its energy and transfers it back to Samus. Mother Brain recovers and destroys the Metroid in retaliation, but is in turn defeated by Samus with the Hyper Beam—an extremely powerful weapon created from the energy given to her by the Metroid.[20][21] Afterward, a planetary self-destruct sequence begins, which Samus narrowly escapes.[22] If the player rescues the Dachora and the Etecoons—the creatures Samus encountered earlier in the game—during the escape, they are shown leaving the planet in the distance.[23][14]

Development

Portrait of Yoshio Sakamoto, making a public speech.
Yoshio Sakamoto, the director and writer of Super Metroid, at the 2010 Game Developers Conference

Super Metroid was developed by Nintendo R&D1[24] with a staff of 15 people managed by Gunpei Yokoi. The game was directed and written by Yoshio Sakamoto, and produced by Makoto Kano.[23][25][26] Intelligent Systems, who co-developed the original Metroid with R&D1, handled the programming for Super Metroid.[27] The opening dialogue was voiced by Dan Owsen, an employee of Nintendo of America.[23][28] The game, which was released almost a decade after the original Metroid game, took half a year to gain approval for the initial idea, and actual development of the game took two more years to complete. When asked why the game took so long to make, Sakamoto responded, "We wanted to wait until a true action game was needed. [...] And also to set the stage for the reappearance of Samus Aran." Previously visited areas were added to Super Metroid to add a sense of familiarity that would satisfy players of previous Metroid games.[25]

The developers' primary goal was to make the game a "good action game". They wanted the game to have a large map, but found it difficult to organize the amount of graphic data involved. Coming up with several ideas, the developers decided to break the game up into many mini-adventures. New weapons are introduced to the Metroid series in Super Metroid, including the Grapple Beam, used to latch a laser beam onto the ceiling. The game is the first in the series to let Samus fire in all directions while moving,[25] and it is among the first open world games to offer the player a mapping facility. The feature shows the outlines of rooms, locations of important rooms, and dots for special items.[24]

Shortly before the game's release, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a self-regulating organization, was formed in response to the increasing violence found in games such as 1992's Mortal Kombat.[29] When asked whether he thought that recent game violence controversy would cause any negative backlash for Super Metroid, Sakamoto stated, "We don't think there's too much violence in the game." Using Samus as an example, he explained that her purpose is to maintain peace in the galaxy, claiming, "It's not violence for the sake of violence."[25] The game was demonstrated at the Winter 1994 Consumer Electronics Show, and was named the best SNES game at the show by GamePro.[30]

Music

The music for Super Metroid was composed by Kenji Yamamoto and Minako Hamano,[23][26][31] and uses 16-bit versions of music from previous games.[25] According to Yamamoto, he came up with the game's theme by humming it to himself while riding his motorcycle from work. In addition to composing music, Yamamoto served as a sound programmer and created sound effects for the game. These simultaneous roles allowed him "to produce distinct Metroid music with a sound programmer’s ear, with a sound effect creator’s ear, and with the approach methodology and theory of a composer." The arrangements and remixes of the game's themes were used in Metroid Prime and its sequels, because Yamamoto wanted "to satisfy old Metroid fans. It's like a present for them."[32]

Most of the tracks from Super Metroid were released in an album, Super Metroid: Sound in Action, on June 22, 1994. Published by Sony Records under the catalog number SRCL-2920, it contained 38 tracks and covers a duration of 58:49. The album also include the original Metroid tracks composed by Hirokazu Tanaka, and additional tracks arranged by Yoshiyuki Ito and Masumi Ito.[33]

Release

Super Metroid was released by Nintendo in Japan on March 19, 1994;[34][35] in North America on April 18, 1994;[35] and in Europe on July 28, 1994.[35] It was distributed on a 24-megabit cartridge, making it the largest Super NES game of its time.[36] It was re-released through the Nintendo Power service in Japan on September 30, 1997.[34] Super Metroid was released on the Wii's Virtual Console in North America on August 20, 2007,[37][38] in Japan on September 20, 2007,[34][39] and in Europe on October 12, 2007.[40] In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Metroid is also one of the trial games available in the "Masterpieces" section, which uses Virtual Console technology to emulate older hardware and have time constraints.[41] The game was later released on the Wii U's Virtual Console on May 15, 2013;[42][43] it was initially available during the trial campaign for a cheaper price,[44] and it was reverted to its regular price on June 13, 2013.[43] Super Metroid was also released on the New Nintendo 3DS's Virtual Console on April 14, 2016.[45]

Reception

Super Metroid was met with widespread critical acclaim.[2] Chris Slate of the Game Players video game magazine thoroughly enjoyed Super Metroid, claiming that it "easily lives up to everyone's high expectations". He was satisfied with how Nintendo mixed complex gameplay with "state-of-the-art" graphics and sound. Slate found the newly added auto-mapping feature something that players really needed, saying that it was the only feature in Super Metroid that the original Metroid should have had. Concluding his review, Slate stated, "Action fans can't afford to miss Super Metroid. [...] You'll want to play through again and again even after you've beaten it."[50] Nintendo Power mentioned that the game "may well be the best action adventure game ever", calling it the "wave of the future". They praised the game's graphics, sound, and controls, while their only negative comment was, "Even 100 megabits of Metroid wouldn't be enough."[49] Electronic Gaming Monthly gave Super Metroid their "Game of the Month" award, comparing it favorably to the original Metroid and applauding the graphics, the many weapons and items available, and the music. Each of the four reviewers gave it scores of nine out of ten.[46] GamePro criticized that the controls are often awkward or difficult and that many of the power-ups are either lifted from other SNES games or simple upgrades of other power-ups in the game, but praised the game's massive size along with the auto-mapping feature, saying it "makes a potentially frustrating game accessible to a far wider audience."[52] Andy Robinson of GamesRadar was pleased with the game's "phenomenal" soundtrack, complimenting it as "one of the best videogame scores of all time".[26]

The former British video game publication Super Play, which had three editors review the game, also enjoyed it. The magazine's Zy Nicholson noted that the game was better than his favorite game, Mega Man X, describing Super Metroid as "more of an experience than a game". Comparing the game to the 1986 film Aliens, Nicholson felt that the game was best experienced when played in the dark with the volume turned up. He found the game so compulsive that he was tempted to play "without eating or sleeping". The publication's Tony Mott named the game's atmosphere its best aspect, calling the game a mix of Turrican (1990), Aliens, Exile (1989), and Nodes of Yesod (1985). Appreciating the game's controls, Mott applauded Nintendo's ability to create a refined gameplay. He concluded his review by calling Super Metroid "undoubtedly the best game I've played this year so far", predicting that anyone who plays the game would be "playing a game destined for classic status". The third reviewer, James Leach, agreed with Nicholson and Mott that Super Metroid was what Mega Man X should have been. Concluding his review, Leach wrote that Super Metroid contained everything he looked for in a video game: "playability, hidden tricks, powerful weapons and steamingly evil baddies". After summarizing the reviews, the magazine's verdict was, "We all love this game. Super Metroid is absolutely marvelous and you should own it."[51]

IGN called Super Metroid's Virtual Console version a "must-own", commenting that although the game was released nine months after the Wii launched, they felt that it was worth the wait. For players who have never played Super Metroid, IGN claims that they owe themselves as gamers to "finally find out about what you've been missing all these years".[48] In his review for GameSpot, Frank Provo found it "absolutely astonishing that Nintendo let 13 years go by before making Super Metroid readily available again", but considered the most important thing was that players "can now play this masterpiece without having to track down the original Super Nintendo Entertainment System cartridge or fumble with legally questionable emulators". Despite admitting that the Virtual Console version was essentially "nothing more than a no-frills, emulated version of a 13-year-old SNES game" that was no longer cutting-edge, he was still pleased with it and reiterated his belief that Super Metroid is "one of the best 2D action adventure games ever produced".[47]

Although Super Metroid received critical acclaim, Rus McLaughlin of IGN said that the Metroid series "still fell down on the timing, arriving too late in the SNES lifecycle to earn big sales."[53] Andy Robinson of GamesRadar similarly noted that, in a series tradition, the game was released "at the wrong place, at the wrong time." Robinson also added that it did not sell well in Japan after struggling against more commercially popular games, such as Donkey Kong Country, along with the launch of the PlayStation and Sega Saturn consoles.[26] With the help of strong marketing from Nintendo, Super Metroid sold better in North America,[26] and a year after its release, Nintendo placed it on their Player's Choice marketing label.[37]

Accolades

Super Metroid collected several awards and honors. Electronic Gaming Monthly named Super Metroid a Game of the Month for May 1994, gave it an Editors' Choice award,[46] awarded it as the Best Action Game of 1994,[54] and named it the best game of all time in 2003.[55] IGN ranked Super Metroid 3rd (2003), 10th (2005) and 7th (2007) in its top 100 games of all time lists.[56][57][58] Likewise, IGN readers ranked the game 11th in its top 99 games of all time list in 2005,[59] and 4th in its top 100 games in 2006.[60] Richard George of IGN also ranked Super Metroid 3rd in its top 100 SNES games, crediting its "flawless action, impeccable level design, out-of-this-world atmosphere, a totally badass heroine and an enormous overworld to explore."[61] GamesRadar and ScrewAttack named Super Metroid the best SNES game of all time,[62][63] while Nintendo Power named it the best game in the Metroid series, beating out Metroid Prime and Metroid: Zero Mission.[64] GamePro listed Super Metroid as one of the fifteen must-play retro games on the Wii.[65]

Legacy

Main article: Metroid

Super Metroid is often regard as one of the best games of all time.[7][26][53] Jeremy Parish of USgamer remarked that Super Metroid is a "kind of game you can return to time and again and always come away with some fresh insight or observation."[20] Andrew Webster of Ars Technica found the game's atmosphere impressive, and noted that the developers had perfected the aspect on solitude, a concept introduced in the first Metroid game.[3] Game Informer writer Joe Juba cited the game's ending as "one of the most memorable and empowering moments in gaming history."[21]

Donald Mustard, the creative director for Chair Entertainment, cited Super Metroid as an influence on gameplay and design for Shadow Complex.[66] Tom Happ's Axiom Verge is stated to have the overall map structure influenced by Super Metroid.[67] Konami's 1997 game Castlevania: Symphony of the Night is noted for presenting the formula on exploration and weapon upgrading elements used in Super Metroid, which led to the coinage of the term "Metroidvania".[68] As Super Metroid gave players awards based on how long it took them to complete the game, it has become a popular choice for speedrunning, a style of play in which the player intends to complete the game as quickly as possible for the purpose of competition.[26][53][69] Several ROM hacks for Super Metroid were released by fans, which added new features that are not included in the original game.[70] Super Metroid: Redesign, created by "drewseph" in 2006, features new items, expanded areas and modified physics.[70][71][72] In 2011, a Japanese hacker "SB" released a ROM hack titled Metroid: Super Zero Mission, which intends to combine elements from Super Metroid and the later-released Metroid: Zero Mission.[70]

Sequels

After Super Metroid's release, there would not be another sequel for eight years, as none of the games in the Metroid series up to this point had enjoyed the level of success that the Mario and The Legend of Zelda franchises had.[26] Metroid series producer Gunpei Yokoi left Nintendo in August 1996, amid the failure of the Virtual Boy, and later died in a car accident in October 1997.[73][74] During the series' hiatus, fans eagerly awaited a Metroid game for the Nintendo 64.[53] Sakamoto considered creating an N64 title, but was not interested in being part of its development, mainly because of the console's controller. Nintendo approached another company to make an N64 Metroid, but the offer was declined because the developers thought they could not make a game that could equal Super Metroid's standards.[75] Mario and The Legend of Zelda series creator Shigeru Miyamoto said that Nintendo "couldn't come up with any concrete ideas" on the N64 game.[76]

In 2002, two new Metroid games were released by Nintendo, marking the return of the series after an eight-year hiatus.[26][53] The games were Metroid Fusion, a 2D side-scroller developed for the Game Boy Advance by Nintendo R&D1, the same team that developed Super Metroid;[53][77][78] and Metroid Prime, a first-person action-adventure game developed for the GameCube by Retro Studios—Nintendo's first-party developer based in Austin, Texas, and the first Metroid game to feature 3D computer graphics.[53][79] Both Fusion and Prime garnered critical acclaim,[26] with the latter winning several Game of the Year awards.[80] After Metroid Prime, three more games in the first-person perspective and a pinball spin-off were released, including its sequel, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes.[26][53]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Super Metroid (スーパーメトロイド, Sūpā Metoroido)
  2. ^ The opening cutscene alternatively refers to the game as Metroid 3.[1]

Citations

  1. ^ Nintendo R&D1, Intelligent Systems (April 18, 1994). Super Metroid (Super Nintendo Entertainment System). Nintendo. Scene: Opening. 1994 / NINTENDO / PRESENTS / METROID 3{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c "Super Metroid - SNES". Game Rankings. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
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  4. ^ a b "The Planet Zebes". Super Metroid instruction booklet. Nintendo of America, Inc. April 18, 1994. pp. 18–19. SNS-RI-USA.
  5. ^ a b c "The Metroid Menace". Super Metroid instruction booklet. Nintendo of America, Inc. April 18, 1994. pp. 2–5. SNS-RI-USA.
  6. ^ Pelland, Scott; Swan, Leslie; Bafus, Jeff (1994). "Bounty Hunter in Action". Super Metroid: Nintendo Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 8–9.
  7. ^ a b c d Metroid Retrospective, Part 2 (video). GameTrailers. Defy Media. Event occurs at 0:18–5:40. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
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  9. ^ a b c d Pelland, Scott; Swan, Leslie; Bafus, Jeff (1994). "Items & Weapons". Super Metroid: Nintendo Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 12–13.
  10. ^ a b "Item Acquisition". Super Metroid instruction booklet. Nintendo of America, Inc. April 18, 1994. pp. 20–25. SNS-RI-USA.
  11. ^ Pelland, Scott; Swan, Leslie; Bafus, Jeff (1994). "After Obtaining Items". Super Metroid: Nintendo Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 10–11.
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  16. ^ Parish, Jeremy (August 5, 2015). "Page 2 | "I was quite surprised by the backlash": Kensuke Tanabe on Metroid Prime Federation Force". VG247. Retrieved February 15, 2023. First off, [Yoshio] Sakamoto is behind the main series, taking care of all of that, the timeline. I'm in charge of the Prime series. I had the conversation with him to decide where exactly would be a good spot for me to stick the Prime universe into that whole timeline and the best place would be between Metroid II and Super Metroid. As you know, there are multiple titles in the Metroid Prime series, but everything takes place in that very specific point. Metroid Series go down the line, but with the Prime Universe, we have to stretch sideways to expand it as much as we can in that specific spot.
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  18. ^ Pelland, Scott; Swan, Leslie; Bafus, Jeff (1994). "Tourican – Ready to Battle the Brain?". Super Metroid: Nintendo Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. p. 109.
  19. ^ Pelland, Scott; Swan, Leslie; Bafus, Jeff (1994). "Tourican Area B". Super Metroid: Nintendo Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 112–113.
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  30. ^ "CES Showstoppers". GamePro. No. 57. IDG. April 1994. pp. 74–81.
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  32. ^ M4G Staff (October 5, 2007). "Interview with Metroid Prime 3: Corruption Sound Team at Retro Studios and Composer Kenji Yamamoto". music4games. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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