Timeline of Białystok
- This is a sub-article to History of Białystok
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.
Prior to 19th century
[edit]| History of Poland |
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- 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
- 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
- 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
- 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
- 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
- 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
- 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
- 1753 - Center of the city burns down
- 1756 - Jan Klemens Branicki, owner of Białystok, divorces his third wife
- 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.[6]
- 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok (1769), part of the War of the Bar Confederation
- 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
- 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
- 1776 – Polish 5th Regiment of Fusiliers of Crown Artillery stationed in Białystok.[7]
- 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
- 1795 – City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland and made the administrative seat of the Białystok Department[1]
- 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka
19th century
[edit]- 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
- 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
- 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
- 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
- 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
- 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
- 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
- 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
- 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
- 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
- 1842 - City becomes administratively part of the Grodno Governorate.
- 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
- 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
- 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
- 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
- 1861
- 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.[8]
- 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[9]
- 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
- 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
- 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
- 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.[10]
- 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
- 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
- 1889 - Population: 56,629.[1]
- 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
- 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
- 1897 - Population: 63,927.[11]
- 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department
20th century
[edit]1901–1939
[edit]
- 1901 - Population: 65,781.[1]
- 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
- 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.[12]
- 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
- 1912
- 1913
- City's first Polish scout troop founded.[15]
- Great Synagogue built.
- 1915
- City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
- 29 November: Polish Real Gymnasium founded.[15]
- 1918
- 1919
- Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
- Białostoczek becomes part of city.[citation needed]
- 1920
- 22 September: Battle of Białystok - Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
- Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.
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- 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[17]
- 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
- 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.[18]
- 1937
- Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
- Population: 100,101.[17]
- 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.
World War II (1939–1945)
[edit]- 1939
- September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
- 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.[19]
- 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
- October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.[18]
- November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Region.
- 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.[20]
- 1940–1941 - Mass deportations of some 20,000 Polish citizens by the Russians from the Białystok Fabryczny railway station to the USSR, incl. Siberia (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).[21]
- 1941
- 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins. On that day, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of Białystok's Jews were massacred by the Ordnungspolizei.
- City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
- July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[12]
- Autumn: Oflag 57 prisoner-of-war camp moved from Ostrołęka to Białystok.[22]
- 1942
- 25 May: Oflag 57 POW camp dissolved.[22]
- July: Stalag 316 POW camp moved from Wołkowysk to Białystok.[23]
- 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[24]
- 1943
- February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deporations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.[25]
- 20 February: Stalag 316 POW camp dissolved.[26]
- 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
- 21 August: Transport of Białystok children. Jewish children deported by the occupiers from Białystok to Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.
- 1944
- July: occupied by the Soviets
- mass arrests of Polish resistance members by the Soviets, around 1,200 Poles placed in the local prison by 7 November.[27]
- September: the city returned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
- 8 November: deportation of 1,030 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[27]
- 12 November: deportation of 1,014 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
- 24 November: deportation of 900 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
- 27 December: deportation of 790 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Novomoskovsk (then Stalinogorsk).[28]
- 1945 - 30 January: deportation of 1,242 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Skopin.[28]
1945–2000
[edit]- 1946 - Population: 56,759.[17]
- 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
- 1949 - Podlaskie Museum founded.
- 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
- 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[29]
- 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[30]
- 1956 - Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, food, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[31]
- 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok established.
- 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.
- 1974
- Białystok University of Technology active.
- Population: 187,100.[32]
- 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
- 1990
- Białystok History Museum founded.
- Lech Rutkowski becomes mayor.
- Piłsudski monument, Białystok installed at Kościuszko Square.
- 1991 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok established.[33]
- 1992 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok elevated to Archdiocese.
- 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[29]
- 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.
21st century
[edit]
- 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
- 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
- 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
- 2009
- Zamenhof Centre opens.
- World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
- 2011 - 4 March: Honorary Consulate of Croatia opened (see Croatia–Poland relations).[34]
- 2012 - Population: 294,900.[35]
- 2013 - 10 July: Honorary Consulate of Finland opened (see Finland–Poland relations).[36]
- 2015 - December: Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg opened (see Luxembourg–Poland relations).
- 2018
- 1 March: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.[37]
- 11 April: Monument to the victims of Soviet deportations of Poles during World War II unveiled at the Białystok Fabryczny railway station.[21]
- 2020 - Monument to Polish mothers deported to Siberia unveiled.[38]
- 2021 - 19 September: Khachkar commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide and Armenian soldiers fallen in the battle for Artsakh unveiled.[39]
- 2022
- 29 May: Monument to soldiers of the pre-war Polish 42nd Infantry Regiment-footballers of Jagiellonia Białystok unveiled in front of the municipal stadium.[40]
- 23 June: Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan opened (see Kazakhstan–Poland relations).[41]
- 29 June: Honorary Consulate of Serbia opened (see Poland–Serbia relations).[42]
- 2023
- 24 May: Polish–Uzbekistani Historical Commission founded (see Poland–Uzbekistan relations).[43]
- 23 November: Honorary Consulate of Latvia opened (see Latvia–Poland relations).[44]
- 2024 - 25 May: Jagiellonia Białystok won its first Polish football championship.
See also
[edit]- History of Białystok
- Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok
References
[edit]This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.
- ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- ^ a b c Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
- ^ "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
- ^ Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
- ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Dom staromiejski". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim (in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-88372-50-6.
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 9
- ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 13
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
- ^ a b "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b Dworakowski, Jan (2017). "Początki harcerstwa na Białostocczyźnie (1913-1923)". In Cymbalisty, Wojciech Jan; Waczyński, Józef (eds.). Polskie tradycje niepodległościowe Choroszczy i okolic (in Polish). Rogówek: Fundacja Pole Kultury. p. 151. ISBN 978-83-949254-2-0.
- ^ a b Dworakowski, p. 154
- ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b Sylwia Wieczeryńska. "Wystawa "Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 55.
- ^ "Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)". Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ a b "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik przy dworcu, z którego odbywały się deportacje na Wschód". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ a b Zwolski, Marcin (2005). "Deportacje internowanych Polakow z wojewodztwa białostockiego 1944–1945". Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 8. IPN. p. 98. ISSN 1427-7476.
- ^ a b c d Zwolski, p. 99
- ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Odsłonięto tablicę upamiętniającą solidarność białostoczan z narodem węgierskim". Radio Białystok (in Polish). 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Bialystok, otwarcie konsulatu" (in Polish). 4 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland.
Review Tables: Cities
- ^ "Najnowszy Konsulat Honorowy Finlandii otwarto w Białymstoku". Finland Abroad (in Polish). 11 July 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Pomnik Inki w Białymstoku". Białystok - Oficjalny Portal Miasta (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający Bohaterskie Matki Sybiraczki [zdjęcia]". Radio Białystok (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Chaczkar stanął w Białymstoku". Awedis (in Polish). No. 48. 2021. p. 2.
- ^ "Przy stadionie odsłonięto pomnik żołnierzy 42. Pułku Piechoty". Eska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Otwarcie konsulatu Kazachstanu w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Serbii w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Powołanie Polsko-Uzbekistańskiej Komisji historycznej". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "W Białymstoku powstał Konsulat Republiki Łotewskiej". Podlaskie.eu (in Polish). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
Bibliography
[edit]- "Byelostok", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752920
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 895.
- "Bialystok". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t6zw2kd65. OCLC 1328163 – via HathiTrust.
- William Henry Beable (1919), "Byelystok", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
- Rebecca Kobrin (7 May 2010). Jewish Bialystok and its Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00428-4.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Białystok.
- Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)
