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Untitled

You Can Dance is the first remix album by American recording artist Madonna, released on November 18, 1987, by Sire Records. The album contains remixes of tracks from her first three studio albums—Madonna (1983), Like a Virgin (1984) and True Blue (1986)— and a new track, "Spotlight". In the 1980s, remixing was still a new concept and technology, by which a particular vocal phrase could be endlessly copied, repeated, chopped up, transposed up and down in pitch and give them more echo, reverberation, treble or bass. Madonna became interested in the concept, noting that she hated when others remixed her song and wanted to do it by herself.

Madonna turned to her old friend and producer John "Jellybean" Benitez to help her remixing the songs, and also enlisted the help of Patrick Leonard, the producer of True Blue. The mixes on You Can Dance exhibited a number of typical mixing techniques. Instrumental passages were lengthened to increase the time for dancing, which undermined the tighter structure of the original pop song. Vocal phrases were repeated and subjected to multiple echoes, panned across the stereophonic sound outlets. At certain points, almost no music is heard except the drums and at other times, the drums are removed with only the high-hat left to keep time. The album cover denoted Madonna's continuous fascination with Hispanic culture.

After its release, You Can Dance received mostly positive reviews from critics, who noted how the already known songs appeared to them in a complete new structure, calling it an essential album to be played at parties. You Can Dance was a commercial success, earning a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of a million copies, and reaching the top twenty of the Billboard 200. It reached the top ten of the album charts of France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, and went on to sell five million copies worldwide, making it the second best selling remix album of all time, behind only Blood on the Dance Floor from popstar Michael Jackson. "Spotlight" was the only single released from the album in Japan, but charted on the airplay charts of Billboard due to radio play.

Background

In November 1987, Warner Bros. Records commissioned the release of You Can Dance—Madonna's first retrospective—which was aimed at the dance segment of her audience.[1] It was an album containing seven of Madonna's songs in remixed format, which was still a revolutionary concept in the 1980s.[1] By the mid-eighties, post-disco dance music was extremely popular and the concept of remix was widely regarded as a new direction of music. Several artists were remixing their tracks and compiling them to create new albums.[1] Mixing was an interpretative process, where the artist was usually involved, but the development was generally looked after the record producer. The different parts of a song, including the lead vocals, background vocals, guitars, bass, synths, drum machine—all went through the process of mixing to sound considerably different from their original counterpart. Mixing determined how loud these instruments were going to sound in relation to each other and what particular sound effects should be added to each instrument.[2] Improvements in studio technologies meant the possibility of shaping the sound of a song in any way, after it has been recorded. The arrangements were itself created at the mixing stage, rather than being created previously. A particular vocal phrase could be endlessly copied, repeated, chopped up, transposed up and down in pitch and give them more echo, reverberation, treble or bass.[2]

It was this concept which intrigued Madonna, while she was developing her third studio album True Blue (1986). She said, "I hate it when people do master mixes of my records. I don't want to hear my songs changed like that. I don't know that I like it, people screwing with my records. The jury is out on it for me. But the fans like it, and really, this one was for the fans, for the kids in the clubs who wanted to hear these songs in a fresh new way."[2] She went to Warner with the idea of releasing her songs by remixing them in a complete dance tune.[1] From Warner's point of view, the rise of remix was a commercial boon, because it meant making more money out of the same piece of music.[3] Instead of paying Madonna to go to studio and record different tracks, they found that allowing her to record the same tracks in different formats was much less costly.[1] Hence they decided to release the album, but gave full freedom to Madonna to choose the producers with whom she wanted to develop the remixes.[4]

Development

"Remixing is a form of secondary creativity. Dance music elevates the DJ and the mixer to being almost on a level with the musician. In my opinion this is false. Manipulation of pre-recorded sound sources may be creative in a secondary sense, and may be valid in its own field, but it is pseudo musicianship. That's why we tried to have a fresh approach to the songs for You Can Dance, as if we were developing and composing them for the first time.

—Patrick Leonard talking about working on the album.[4]

Madonna turned to her old friend and producer John "Jellybean" Benitez to help her remixing the songs, and also enlisted the help of Patrick Leonard, the producer of True Blue. Together they chose six of Madonna's old songs and decided to give it a remixed form. The songs chosen were "Holiday", "Everybody" and "Physical Attraction" from Madonna (1983), "Into the Groove" and "Over and Over" from Like a Virgin (1984), and lastly, "Where's the Party" from True Blue.[4] Along with the pre-released tracks, a never-before released song called "Spotlight" was included as an added bonus. Madonna said that she was inspired by the song "Everybody Is a Star" (1970), by American rock band Sly and the Family Stone.[5] Written by Madonna, Stephen Bray and Curtis Hudson, "Spotlight" was originally recorded during the True Blue recording sessions. It was omitted from the album because Madonna felt that it was similar in composition and structure to "Holiday".[1]

After the remixing of the songs started, Benitez noted, "We decided on basic questions like 'How loud should the drums be? How much should the vocals stand out?' These are creative decisions which will change the finished piece of music." Shep Pettibone, one of the producers of the album commented that "normally, without some music to work on, the remixer has nothing. But we already had Madonna's catalogue of danceable songs which was enough material for lifetime."[6] The mixes on You Can Dance exhibited a number of typical mixing techniques. Instrumental passages were lengthened to increase the time for dancing, which undermined the tighter structure of the original pop song.[3] Vocal phrases were repeated and subjected to multiple echoes, panned across the stereophonic sound outlets. At certain points, almost no music is heard except the drums and at others, the drums are removed with only the high-hat left to keep time.[3]

The album cover denoted Madonna's continuous fascination with Spanish culture and fashion.[7] She wore a female toreador outfit with a lacy bustier, embroidered bolero jacket and a cummerbund with a flouncy bustle.[7] The album sleeve included a free poster and the gold wrap-around liner notes contained approximate running time to indicate the difference between the length of the remix and the original track. Brian Chin, a Rolling Stone journalist, wrote the liner notes for the album, explaining the process of remix and why the seven songs were chosen for the tracklist.[8]

Composition

"Spotlight"
A 20 second sample of "Spotlight", featuring the chorus with Madonna singing the line "Spotlight, open up your eyes and see".
Problems playing this file? See media help.

According to Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, "Improvements in studio technology meant that possibilities for shaping the sound after it has been recorded are almost limitless."[2] Such possibility were applied in the song composition and the remixes present in You Can Dance. Previously to change the sound of an instrument, or to jump from one sound to another, recordings used to stop playing the instrument and the drums at that point. But for the remixes on You Can Dance, the fade engineering technology was applied to the songs, wherein the fader was simply pulled down, and was pushed up again when the sound of the instruments were made to come up to the surface.[2] The first song on the album is "Spotlight" which begins with the sound of drums, bass synths and handclaps, followed by Madonna uttering the words "Spotlight, shine bright". After the first verse, the sound of keyboard is heard during the chorus.[9] It continues like this through the second verse, which is followed by an interlude featuring vocal echoes, a piano segment and violin phrases. Madonna follows the music played by the piano and utters the words "Pa-da-pa-da-pappa pappa pa pa" in the same melody.[9] The lyrics deal with Madonna making the listener remember that "everybody is a star" and that if one wants to be famous and be under the "spotlight", the person should sing about it and reality may catch up with him or her.[9] According to the sheet music published at SheetMusicPlus.com, the song is set in the time signature of common time, with a tempo of 100 beats per minute. It is set in the key of F major with Madonna's voice spanning from the notes of C5 to B♭5. "Spotlight" has a basic sequence of Am–C–Am–C–G–F as its chord progression.[10]

The second track is "Holiday", which Benitez said that he always wanted to remix, commenting "There are new sounds on the 1987 remix [of 'Holiday'], but it had a groove that needed no improvement." The sound of the guitar is brought to the front in the remix, with a piano break and a middle section consisting of drum beats.[9] The mix for "Everybody" starts with four repetitions of the vocal hook and then moves into a rhythm centered arrangement. Like "Holiday", the middle section of "Everybody" features a drum break, with a synth tune backing it up. The word "dance" is echoed and slowed-down continuously through the break, gradually changing into the intermedia verse. At the very end, the drums are pulled out, leaving Madonna repeating the "get up and do your thing" phrase, which hovers over to the intro of the next song "Physical Attraction".[9] It begins with the arrangement of the original song, until the middle eight, where the composition is varied. A disconcerting sound is present at the end of the track, which, after sometime increases in volume until then next track "Over and Over" begins.[9] In the "Into the Groove" remix, overdubs are present with the continuous repetition of the phrase "c'mon". The first verse does not start until about ninety seconds into the remix. After the first "Now I know you're mine" line is sung, there is a percussion break, and repetition of the phrases "step to the beat" and "c'mon". The last verse incorporates echoing on the vocals, causing overlap of the phrases. The remix ends with instrumentation from congas, whistles and timbales, giving it a Mexican ending.[11]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[12]
Blender[13]
Chicago Tribune(Positive)[14]
Robert Christgau(A–)[15]
Miami Herald(Positive)[16]
Rolling Stone[17]
USA Today(Mixed)[18]
The Washington Post(Positive)[19]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic said that "[You Can Dance] keeps the spotlight on her first record, adding non-LP singles like 'Into the Groove' for good measure, along with a bonus track of 'Where's the Party'. Since it's a dance album, it doesn't matter that 'Holiday' and 'Into the Groove' are here twice, once each in dub versions, because the essential grooves and music are quite different in each incarnation. It is true that some of this now sounds dated—these are quite clearly extended mixes from the mid 80s—but that's part of its charm, and it all holds together quite well. Not essential, but fun."[12] Blender magazine reviewer Tony Power rated it one star out of five, doubting the necessity of such a dance remix album, when the singer's hits were already danceable. He further added that "Madonna’s snappiest tunes are bloated and stretched."[13] Robert Christgau considered that "the effects, repeats, breaks, and segues added by a star crew of remixers [...] amount to new music—this time the songs don't surface, they reach out and grab you". He also argued that You Can Dance reminded the audience that before MTV, they "loved the way she sounded".[15] Author J. Randy Taraborrelli noted that "You Can Dance made one point clear about Madonna. While she was evolving into a serious pop star, musically she still knew how to host the best party." He complimented the remixed versions of "Holiday", "Everybody", "Physical Attraction" and "Into the Groove".[1] Timothy Green from The Miami Herald said that "[The album has] got a good beat and you can dance to it. Madonna's new album isn't really new, but rather a collection of danceable hits, remixed by club deejays masterful at that peculiar art of taking the artists' work, track by track, and reconstructing it. Most such remixes become 12-inch dance singles, and You Can Dance, is basically a compilation of these. The remixes sound fresh and gives a new outlook on the already famous and popular songs."[16] Jan DeKnock from the Chicago Tribune was not impressed with the album, calling it calculative.[20] However, Daniel Brogan from the same newspaper praised the album, saying that "Madonna has brought a new joy to the people buying gifts for Christmas, as You Can Dance is a fun-filled, fast-paced retrospective that will burn the dance floor till New Year."[14] Richard Harrington from The Washington Post called the album "an energetic collection of extended dance remixes, that will surely be the highlight of the party crowds flocking around the town."[19] John Milward from USA Today felt that "although the remixes sound a little exhaustive, its nevertheless party time with Madonna's album."[18]

Commercial performance

In the United States, the album was released on November 18, 1987, and reached a peak of number 14 on the Billboard 200.[21] The LP cuts debuted at number 41 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart, and moved up to number 17 the next week.[22] An extended series of remixes called You Can Dance – LP Cuts was serviced to the dance radio stations later.[23] The LP cuts ultimately topped the Dance chart, becoming Madonna's seventh number one on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.[24][25] The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of one million copies across United States.[26] In Canada, the album debuted at number 55 on the RPM Albums Chart on December 5, 1987.[27] After five weeks, it reached a peak of number 11 on the chart.[28] It was present for a total of 21 weeks on the chart.[29]

In Australia, You Can Dance debuted at number 15 on the Kent Music Report albums chart, and peaked at number 13.[30] It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipment of 70,000 copies of the album.[30] You Can Dance reached a peak of number four in New Zealand.[31] In the United Kingdom, You Can Dance was released on November 28, 1987 and entered the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number five.[32] It was Madonna's fifth top-ten album there.[33] It was present for a total of 16 weeks on the chart, and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipment of 300,000 copies of the album.[33][34] The album re-entered the chart at number 69, on March 4, 1995, after being released in mid-price in United Kingdom.[35] Across Europe, the album reached number six on the European Top 100 Albums chart,[22] and the top five in Norway and Spain, while charting within the top twenty of Austria, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland.[31][36] You Can Dance also reached number two in France and topped the charts in Italy.[37][38] Worldwide, it went on to sell five million copies, becoming the second best-selling remix album of all time.[39]

Singles

"Spotlight" was released as the only single from the album in Japan on April 25, 1988. Dennis Hunt from Los Angeles Times commented that "Spotlight" was "lost in the dazzling collection of the extended remixes of her best dance tunes."[40] "Spotlight" was not officially released as a single in the United States, therefore it was not eligible at the time to appear on Billboard's Hot 100. Even so, radio stations started to play the song unofficially and it managed to garner enough airplay to appear on the Hot 100 Airplay chart of Billboard in early 1988.[23] It debuted on the Airplay chart at 37 on the issue dated January 16, 1988, and was the highest debut of the week.[41] After three weeks, "Spotlight" reached a peak of 32 on the chart, but fell to 40 the next week, before being sent for recurrent rotation.[23] It also charted on the Hot Crossover Singles chart, reaching a peak of fifteen on January 9, 1988.[23] The song was released in Japan on April 25, 1988, and charted on the Oricon Singles Chart, reaching a peak of three on May 19, 1988, staying on the chart for ten weeks.[42]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Spotlight"Madonna, Stephen BrayStephen Bray (additional production and remix by John "Jellybean" Benitez)6:23
2."Holiday"Curtis Hudson, Lisa StevensJohn "Jellybean" Benitez (remix by John "Jellybean" Benitez)6:32
3."Everybody"MadonnaMark Kamins (additional production and remix by Bruce Forest, Frank Heller)6:43
4."Physical Attraction"Reggie LucasReggie Lucas (additional remix by Mark Kamins, John "Jellybean" Benitez)6:20
5."Over and Over"Madonna, S. BrayNile Rodgers (additional production and remix by Steve Thompson, Michael Barbiero)7:11
6."Into the Groove"Madonna, S. BrayMadonna, Stephen Bray (additional production and remix by Shep Pettibone)8:26
7."Where's the Party"Madonna, Patrick Leonard, S. BrayMadonna, Patrick Leonard, Stephen Bray (additional production and remix by Shep Pettibone)7:16

Bonus tracks

CD edition of the release included 3 dub versions included after the original tracklisting above. Cassette edition of the release included 4 dub versions: "Spotlight" and "Holiday" are included on Side One after tracks 1–4 of the original tracklisting, "Over and Over" and "Into the Groove" are on Side Two after tracks 5–7.

CD edition
No.TitleWriter(s)Remixer(s)Length
8."Holiday" (Dub Version)C. Hudson, L. StevensJohn "Jellybean" Benitez6:56
9."Into the Groove" (Dub Version)Madonna, S. BrayShep Pettibone6:23
10."Where's the Party" (Dub Version)Madonna, P. Leonard, S. BrayShep Pettibone6:20
Cassette edition
No.TitleWriter(s)Remixer(s)Length
5."Spotlight" (Dub Version)Madonna, S. BrayJohn "Jellybean" Benitez4:50
6."Holiday" (Dub Version)C. Hudson, L. StevensJohn "Jellybean" Benitez6:56
10."Over and Over" (Dub Version)Madonna, S. BraySteve Thompson, Michael Barbiero6:45
11."Into the Groove" (Dub Version)Madonna, S. BrayShep Pettibone6:23
Source: [8]

Credits and personnel

Source: [8]

Charts and certifications

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by
La Pubblica Ottusità by Adriano Celentano
 Italian Albums Chart number-one album
January 3, 1988 – January 17, 1988 		Succeeded by
Preceded by U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play number-one single (LP cuts)
February 6, 1988 		Succeeded by

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Taraborrelli 2002, p. 129
  2. ^ a b c d e Rooksby 2004, p. 26
  3. ^ a b c Rokkbsy 2004, p. 27
  4. ^ a b c Morton 2002, p. 37
  5. ^ Rooksby 2004, p. 28
  6. ^ Bego 2000, p. 86
  7. ^ a b Voller 1999, p. 29
  8. ^ a b c Chin, Brian (1987). You Can Dance (Media notes). Warner Bros. Records. {{cite AV media notes}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |artist= ignored (|others= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |publisherid= ignored (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e f Rooksby 2004, p. 29
  10. ^ "Digital Sheet Music – Madonna – "Spotlight"". SheetMusicPlus.com. Alfred Music Publishing. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  11. ^ Rooksby 2004, p. 30
  12. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (1987-11-12). "allmusic ((( You Can Dance > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 2010-03-06. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  13. ^ a b Power, Tony (2007-09-12). "You Can Dance – Blender". Blender. Alpha Media Group. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
  14. ^ a b Brogan, Daniel (1987-11-27). "Big Names Make 'Very Special Christmas' Memorable". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  15. ^ a b Christgau, Robert. "Consumer Guide Reviews: Madonna". Robert Christgau. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
  16. ^ a b Green, Timothy (1988-03-04). "Madonna's New LP Is Mostly Old Madonna". The Miami Herald. The McClatchy Company. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  17. ^ Shewey, Don (1987-12-02). "Madonna, the Rolling stone files". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. ISBN 0786881542. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  18. ^ a b Milward, John (1987-12-03). "Popular Releases in the Fourth Quarter". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  19. ^ a b Harrington, Richard (1987-11-25). "Prince's `Sign' Language". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  20. ^ DeKnock, Jan (1987-11-20). "Another Shondells Remake Takes Over As The No. 1 Single". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  21. ^ a b Caulfield, Keith (2005-08-16). "Ask Billboard: Virginity or Prayers?". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  22. ^ a b c "Hot Dance Music/Club Play: Week Ending December 26, 1987". Billboard. 99 (52). Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1987-12-26. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  23. ^ a b c d Feldman 2000, p. 211
  24. ^ a b Trust, Gary (2009-08-15). "'Celebration': Madonna's 40 Most Impressive Instants". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  25. ^ "Billboard – Madonna – You Can Dance". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  26. ^ a b "Madonna – You Can Dance – Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. 1997-01-31. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  27. ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 47, No. 9, December 05 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. 1987-12-05. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  28. ^ a b "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 47, No. 13, January 16 1988". RPM. RPM Library Archives. 1988-01-16. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  29. ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 48, No. 3, May 07 1988". RPM. RPM Library Archives. 1988-05-07. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  30. ^ a b c d Kent, David (1993), Australian Chart Book 1970–1992, Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W, ISBN 0-646-11917-6 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help)
  31. ^ a b c d e f g "Madonna – You Can Dance (Album)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  32. ^ a b "Album Chart For Week Ending 1987/11/28". The Official Charts Company. 1987-11-28. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  33. ^ a b "OCC Artist: Madonna Album Chart history". The Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  34. ^ a b "BPI Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. 1992-01-01. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  35. ^ "Album Chart For Week Ending 1995/03/04". The Official Charts Company. 1995-03-04. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  36. ^ a b "Deutsche Alben–Charts 1987" (in German). Media Control Charts. 1987-08-10. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  37. ^ a b "French Albums Chart: Search for Madonna" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 1987-09-12. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
  38. ^ a b "Madonna: Discografia Italiana". Federation of the Italian Music Industry. HitParadeItalia. Retrieved 2010-05-31. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  39. ^ "Madonna.com – You Can Dance". Icon: Official Madonna website, Madonna.com. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  40. ^ Hunt, Dennis (1987-11-29). "Great Balls of Fire – Good Vibrations – Maybe Baby Running on Empty Madonna's Mixology". Los Angeles Times. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
  41. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Airplay: Week Ending January 16, 1988". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1988-01-16. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
  42. ^ Schilling 1997, p. 149
  43. ^ "Decenniumlijst Jaren '80 (1–1000)" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. 1987-11-28. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  44. ^ "マドンナ Japanese Albums Chart" (in Japanese). Oricon. 1987-12-10. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  45. ^ a b Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 8480486392. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Missing pipe in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  46. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino" (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  47. ^ "Certificados – Madonna – Todas as Mídias" (in Spanish). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. 1994-09-12. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  48. ^ "InfoDisc : Les Certifications (Albums) du SNEP" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 1997-04-23. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  49. ^ Template:Cite gold platin
  50. ^ "NVPI – Goud Ceritifcano" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging voor Producenten en Importeurs van beeld. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  51. ^ "IFPI Guld/Platina Sweden 1987–1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. 1988-09-12. Retrieved 2010-09-17.

References

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