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Lime (transportation company)

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Neutron Holdings, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustryDockless electric scooter sharing, dockless bike sharing
FoundedJanuary 2017; 7 years ago (2017-01)
San Francisco, California, United States
FounderBrad Bao
Toby Sun
HeadquartersSan Francisco
Area served
Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, Oceania, South America
Key people
Brad Bao (Chairman)
Wayne Ting (CEO)
Websitewww.li.me

Neutron Holdings, Inc., doing business under the name Lime, formerly LimeBike, is an American transportation company based in San Francisco, California. It runs electric scooters, electric bikes and electric mopeds in more than 200 cities in nearly 30 countries around the world.[1] The system offers dockless vehicles that users find and unlock via a smartphone app that knows the location of available vehicles via GPS.

History

[edit]

LimeBike was founded in January 2017 by Brad Bao and Toby Sun, both of whom were executives of Fosun International's venture capital arm. It raised US$12 million in venture funding led by Andreessen Horowitz in March 2017.[2] The company's first location, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, launched in June 2017 with 125 bicycles.[3]

LimeBike
Lime Scooters and other scooters

LimeBike expanded in July 2017 to the cities of Key Biscayne, Florida, South Bend, Indiana, and South Lake Tahoe, California.[4][5][6] On July 27, 2017, LimeBike launched with 500 bicycles in Seattle, Washington, becoming the city's second bikeshare operator.[7]

The company closed a Series B round of venture funding in October 2017, announcing that it was valued at $225 million.[8] A $335 million funding round in 2018 led to a valuation of $1.1 billion for the company, making it a unicorn.[9]

As of October 2017, Lime had 150,000 users.[10]

In January 2018, Lime announced at CES 2018 that they would begin a trial of electric bikes, branded Lime-E, in San Francisco.[11] The following month Lime-S electric scooters were announced.[12] There was criticism in April 2018 when Lime left several hundred scooters on the streets of US cities without the permission of municipal authorities.[13][14] Public criticism increased in June when it emerged that the scooters were programmed to play a recording of the message "Unlock me to ride me, or I'll call the police" repeatedly, at high volume, when their controls were touched.[15]

In May 2018, the company announced plans to begin development of transit pods, small self-driving electric vehicles.[16] Lime applied for car-sharing permits in Seattle in October 2018 and later launched a service in December 2018 with a fleet of Fiat 500 Lounge cars branded as "LimePod."[17][18]

In August 2018, the company signed a deal with Uber to provide them with electric bikes for the expansion of their Uber Bikes service.[19]

In September 2018, a 24-year-old man in Dallas, Texas in United States died in a single vehicle Lime scooter accident. The responding police officer found a Lime electric scooter broken in half about 500 feet from where the victim was found unresponsive.[20]

In October 2018 Lime announced the release of a new model e-scooter with larger wheels, built-in suspension and an aluminum frame to combat vandalism and extend vehicle life.[21]

In May 2019, co-founder and chief executive officer Toby Sun stepped down reportedly to focus on R&D while Brad Bao, a Lime co-founder, took his place as CEO.[22]

In September 2019, Lime was recognized as one of the LinkedIn's Top Startups for 2019. This was the first time Lime has been listed, and it was ranked at No. 12 amongst the list of 50 startups.[23]

In January 2020, Lime laid off about 100 employees, approximately 14 percent of its workforce, and ended its scooter rental service in a dozen markets, including Atlanta, Phoenix, San Diego and San Antonio.[24] Further layoffs in April were attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the CEO saying, "We had to pause operations in 99% of our markets worldwide to support cities’ efforts at social distancing."[25]

Starting in March 2020, due to reduced demand for electric scooters during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, Lime suspended services in nearly two dozen countries.[26]

In April 2020, Lime is reported to have acquired assets of electric skateboard startup Boosted.[27]

Lime acquired the Jump e-bike and scooter business from Uber in May 2020, along with a $170 million funding round led by Uber, with Bain Capital Ventures and GV participating. The deal valued Lime at $510 million, down 79% from its $2.4 billion valuation in April 2019. At the same time, Brad Bao stepped down as CEO, replaced by Wayne Ting.[25]

In November 2020, Lime reported the first profitable quarter and predicted 2021 full-year profitability.[28]

In April 2021, Lime is listed as one of the 2021 Time100 Most Influential Companies by Time Magazine.[29]

In November 2021, Lime closed an oversubscribed funding round raising $523 million and announced an intention to take the company public in 2022.[30] The company also announced in 2021 that riders had surpassed 250 million rides using Lime services, making it the largest shared micromobility operator globally in terms of total trips.[31]

In April 2024, Lime claimed to have recorded 156 million rides in 2023, its highest ever total annual ride count to date.[32]

Usage

[edit]
Users scan the QR code to unlock the scooter.

The user installs the Lime app on a device (typically a smartphone), on which are displayed all the vehicles available (tracked by GPS) nearby. Before starting a trip, the user supplies payment information. The user then scans the QR code on the vehicle, beginning the trip. To end the trip, the user parks the vehicle then ends the ride through the app. The price of the trip is immediately withdrawn from the user's payment method, unless using a pre-loaded Ride Pass. Lime requires users to take a picture of the parked vehicle and its surroundings to review whether the vehicle was parked improperly. If any problems were encountered with the trip (like a malfunctioning vehicle) the user can report it through the app.[citation needed]

Locations

[edit]

As of March 2022, Lime operated in more than 150 cities across more than 30 countries.[33]

As part of trials approved by the UK Department for Transport, Lime began operating e-scooters in the UK—where the use of e-scooters outside of trials remains illegal in public—from mid-2020.[34] Lime trial areas in the UK currently include Greater Manchester and Milton Keynes.[35][36] A trial in London, operated by Dott, Lime and TIER Mobility commenced in June 2021.[37]

In selected cities in Australia, Lime operates both its scooter and bikes. In Melbourne, privately owned electric scooters are prohibited outside of the suburbs where Lime's e-scooter trial is permitted to operate. Additionally, throughout the state of Victoria, sidewalk riding is prohibited.[citation needed]

Lime scooter on a sidewalk in Oakland, California
Lime-B
Lime transport van
Lime Juicer

Vehicles

[edit]

Lime, depending on location, uses three different types of vehicles.

Lime-S

[edit]

Four different electric scooter models are currently in use:

  • Lime-S Ninebot ES4, made by Segway with extra battery attached on to the main pole.
  • Lime-S Generation 2
  • Lime-S Generation 3, designed in-house by Lime.
  • Lime-S Generation 4, designed in-house by Lime.

Vehicle malfunctions

[edit]

Some of Lime's electric scooters have been recalled due to mechanical failures. In October 2018, Lime recalled a number of its Segway Ninebot scooters after cases of batteries "smoldering, or in some cases, catching fire".[38]

In November 2018, Lime issued a recall of its Okai-model scooters on reports that the baseboards could "break in half".[39] The recall was issued following internal comments by employees that its scooters were unsafe for public use.[40]

In February 2019, Lime issued a safety update, announcing that some of its scooters could malfunction and their wheels could "lock up". The company was forced to temporarily withdraw its scooters from circulation in Auckland and Dunedin, New Zealand, after injuries caused by irregular braking incidents.[41][42] According to Consumer Reports, affected Lime scooters had buggy faulty firmware.[43]

User collaborations

[edit]

In some locations, Lime scooters are charged by private contractors who sign up to become "Juicers". The company sends approved Juicers charging equipment, and pays them to charge scooters overnight then place them at designated "LimeHubs" throughout the company's service area in the morning. Juicing can become competitive, with Juicers in some markets using vans and other creative means to pick up scooters all over a city.[44]

Lime also operates some cities exclusively with its own staff.[which?]

Parking on sidewalks (pavements)

[edit]

There is no set policy on parking for Lime Bikes around the world. Some cities require riders to park in designated parking spots. In Vienna, Austria, for example, the company states: “Parking on a sidewalk in Vienna is never an option and will systemically result in a fine of 10 EUR.” (Source: Lime app accessed 22 September 2024).

By contrast, London riders are told to park on the pavements (sidewalks), but do so properly. In London, some London boroughs tell riders to park in designated areas but others allow so called free-floating parking on pavements. According to a 2023 report by consultancy Steer and funded by Lime Bikes: “Services are currently regulated on a borough-by-borough basis via individual agreements with local authorities. These agreements use different operational and user parking requirements. This creates confusion for riders with regards to where to park which can create obstructions for pedestrians, particularly those with access issues.” [45]

The Lime Bike-sponsored report recommended that riders are required to leave their bikes at designated parking locations in London. However, it also found that 50% of Lime riders said they would not walk more than two minutes to pick up or drop off a Lime e-bike at a designated parking location. And the report stated that a full network of more than 10,000 designated locations in London could cost up to £20 million.

Conflicts with local authorities

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

In June 2020, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission found that Lime covered up at least 50 incidents on its scooters that resulted in injuries such as broken bones and damaged teeth.[46]

USA

[edit]

Fort Lauderdale

[edit]

In February 2019, a Fort Lauderdale Lime user was placed in a vegetative state after a violent collision with a car while riding a Lime scooter on the road, not the legally permitted sidewalk use. The injured woman was allegedly instructed to use the road by Lime's app.[47]

San Francisco

[edit]

In September 2018, Lime sued San Francisco for denying Lime a permit. Lime had been operating in San Francisco without permission and received a cease-and-desist letter.[48][49]

Milwaukee

[edit]

Scooters were initially banned in Milwaukee when Bird Rides Inc. started their scooter business without permission. Wisconsin's Governor Tony Evers signed a bill July 11, 2019 regulating scooters.[50] Shortly after the Governor's decision, Lime began operating in Milwaukee in a pilot program, until the city again halted scooter rentals because of complaints about riders riding on sidewalks. Lime wanted to increase its fleet of 500 scooters in the Milwaukee area but were denied permission.[51]

London, UK

[edit]

Wandsworth

[edit]

In 2022, the leader of London’s Wandsworth Council, Simon Hogg, wrote to the CEO of Lime Bikes drawing attention to the frequent obstructions caused by e-bikes. The following year the council stated that insufficient action has been taken by the company to resolve the issue.

Hogg stated: “We receive daily complaints about Lime Bikes blocking pavements, and when I raised this with the company last year they said they would be taking steps to solve this problem. Unfortunately the actions they have taken have not ensured sustained improvements in the situation and removing Lime Bikes obstructing pavements continues to be necessary.”[52] This issue has yet to be resolved.

Westminster

[edit]

Westminster City Council has repeatedly called for the government to introduce legislation to address the limited regulatory powers to manage dockless bike schemes in England. In October 2023 Councillor Paul Dimoldenberg, cabinet member for City Management and Air Quality, said; “The popularity of hire e-bikes has exploded over the last year, but unfortunately the council has received many complaints about bikes being left in the middle of the pavement creating a safety hazard for pedestrians.”[53]

Badly parked Lime Bikes Percy Street, London W1 27 November 2024

Brent Council

[edit]

In September 2024, Brent Council in north-west London told Lime that it must remove its dockless e-bikes from the borough the following month if it continued to ignore the council’s safety concerns and suggestions for improvements to the scheme.

“E-bikes have come with significant safety concerns, which Lime has not currently addressed to the council’s satisfaction… Of particular concern is the already high and increasing number of incidents of inconsiderately parked and abandoned e-bikes reported to the council daily and the often slow response time by Lime to remove these”, a council statement said.[54]

To settle the dispute, Lime Bikes agreed in October to: introduce 200 new parking bays, reduce the size of its fleet in Brent by a third, increase the number of Lime cyclist patrollers and parking wardens in Brent by 78% and remove inappropriately parked bikes within 2 hours of being reported.[55]

Cease-and-desist letters

[edit]

Lime has received cease-and-desist letters from numerous cities across the US, including Reno[56] and Indianapolis.[57]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://www.li.me/en-gb/about
  2. ^ Kolodny, Lora (March 15, 2017). "LimeBike raises $12 million to roll out bike sharing without kiosks in the US". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  3. ^ Newsom, John (June 1, 2017). "Green machines: New bike share program gets its start at UNCG". News & Record. Greensboro, North Carolina. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  4. ^ Diaz, Johnny (July 24, 2017). "What are those bright green bikes in Key Biscayne? It's LimeBike, new bike sharing program". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  5. ^ Parrott, Jeff (July 7, 2017). "Bike-sharing company LimeBike is coming to South Bend". South Bend Tribune. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  6. ^ "New bike ride share program to start in South Lake Tahoe Saturday". South Tahoe Now. July 11, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  7. ^ Soper, Taylor (July 27, 2017). "There are now 1,000 bike-share bicycles in Seattle as LimeBike officially launches service". GeekWire. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  8. ^ Carson, Biz (October 16, 2017). "LimeBike Now Valued At $225 Million After Investors Go All In On Bike-Sharing Craze". Forbes. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  9. ^ Robinson, Melia (July 10, 2018). "Uber, Google and top VCs just poured $335 million into scooter startup Lime — here's why one investor thinks it's the future of commuting". Business Insider. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  10. ^ Carson, Biz (September 15, 2017). "With New Fundraising, 9-Month-Old Bike-Sharing Startup Is Said To Be Worth $200 Million". Forbes. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  11. ^ Rose Dickey, Megan (8 January 2018). "LimeBike unveils pedal assist e-bikes". TechCrunch. Oath Inc. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  12. ^ Dickey, Megan (February 12, 2018). "Lime bike is also getting into the E-Scooter game". TechCrunch.
  13. ^ Carroll, Rory (25 April 2018). "Are ride-share electric scooters the future of urban transport?". The Guardian.
  14. ^ Shen, Lucinda (November 1, 2018). "Meet Tech's New Bounty Hunters". Fortune (Paper). 178 (5): 23–26.
  15. ^ Levin, Sam (7 June 2018). "Scooters littering city streets shout at people: 'Unlock me or I'll call the police'". The Guardian.
  16. ^ Brustein Bloomberg, Joshua (11 May 2018). "Scooter company Lime is planning to deploy 'transit pods'". Toronto Star. Retrieved 13 May 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^ "Lime applies for car-sharing service in Seattle". Puget Sound Business Journal. October 29, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  18. ^ Soper, Taylor (November 29, 2018). "We tested Lime's new car-sharing service, LimePod, that will take on BMW and Daimler in Seattle". GeekWire. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  19. ^ Bond, Shannon (2018-08-26). "Uber gears up for shift to bikes on short trips, CEO expects short-term financial hit". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  20. ^ Holley, Peter (September 4, 2018). "Police: Man dies after apparent electric scooter accident". Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  21. ^ Toll, Micah (19 October 2018). "Lime unveils new electric scooter, fuels the e-scooter arms race". electrek. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  22. ^ Clark, Kate (May 24, 2019). "Lime's founding CEO steps down as his co-founder takes control". TechCrunch. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  23. ^ Brown, Dalvin (September 4, 2019). "LinkedIn hails these startups as the best, most sought after in 2019". USA Today. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  24. ^ Bonifacic, Igor (2020-01-09). "Lime exits 12 cities and lays off 100 employees in search of profit". Engadget. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  25. ^ a b Dillet, Romain (7 May 2020). "Uber leads $170M Lime investment, offloads Jump to Lime". TechCrunch. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  26. ^ Hawkins, Andrew J. (2020-03-20). "Electric scooter-sharing grinds to a halt in response to the COVID-19 pandemic". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
  27. ^ O'Kane, Sean (2020-04-16). "Lime is buying up the remnants of electric skateboard company Boosted". The Verge. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
  28. ^ "Lime touts a 2020 turnaround and 2021 profitability". 19 November 2020.
  29. ^ "2021 TIME100 MOST INFLUENTIAL COMPANIES". 27 April 2021.
  30. ^ "Lime Raises $523 Million in Debt and Plans to Go Public Next Year". Bloomberg.com. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  31. ^ Lime. "Lime's 2021 Year in Review". v1.li.me. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  32. ^ "Lime's total rides, gross bookings hit record in 2023". Smart Cities Dive. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  33. ^ Lime. "Lime Locations | Bring Lime Scooters and Bikes to Your City or University". www.li.me. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  34. ^ "E-scooter trials: guidance for local areas and rental operators". UK Department for Transport. September 22, 2020.
  35. ^ "E-Scooter trial". Salford City Council. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  36. ^ Murrer, Sally (July 24, 2020). "Milton Keynes Launch e-scooter hire scheme within days and they can even be ridden on some roads". MK Citizen. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  37. ^ "TfL and London Councils announce London's e-scooter trial will begin in June". Transport for London (Press release). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  38. ^ Deahl, Dani (October 31, 2018). "Lime removes some Segway Ninebot scooters from fleet amid concerns of battery fires". The Verge. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  39. ^ Liptak, Andrew (November 11, 2018). "Lime issues recall for a scooter model after reports that they can break apart". The Verge. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  40. ^ Holley, Peter (November 10, 2018). "Lime issues global recall of one of its electric scooter models amid fears that it can break apart in use". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  41. ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (February 21, 2019). "Auckland threatens to eject Lime scooters after wheels lock at high speed". The Guardian Weekly. Dunedin. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  42. ^ "Lime scooters suspended temporarily due to safety issues". The New Zealand Herald. June 11, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  43. ^ Felton, Ryan (25 February 2019). "Brake Problems in Lime Electric Scooters Are Causing Accidents and Injuries". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  44. ^ Heffernan, Erin (November 6, 2018). "Inside the scooter side hustle: Charging for Lime and Bird is a new cutthroat gig in St. Louis". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  45. ^ https://uk.steergroup.com/sites/default/files/2024-05/E-bike_parking_bay_gap_analysis_report.pdf
  46. ^ Commission, Australian Competition and Consumer (2020-06-17). "Lime e-scooters undertakes to address concerns about safety misrepresentations". Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  47. ^ Holley, Peter (February 11, 2019). "A Lime scooter accident left Ashanti Jordan in a vegetative state. Now her mother is suing on her behalf". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  48. ^ Thomas, Eric (December 15, 2018). "Lime files appeal; wants scooters back on San Francisco streets". ABC 7 News. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  49. ^ Keeling, Brock (September 19, 2018). "Lime appeals San Francisco's scooter permit exclusion". Curbed. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  50. ^ "Tony Evers signs bill regulating electric scooters". Wisconsin State Journal. Capital Newspapers Inc. Associated Press, State Journal. July 11, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  51. ^ Dirr, Allison (August 7, 2019). "Milwaukee still has brakes on scooter pilot program, but provider says riders want more". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  52. ^ "Council continues to take action on Lime bikes blocking pavements". Wandsworth Borough Council. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  53. ^ "Westminster City Council launches parking bays for hire e-bikes | Westminster City Council". www.westminster.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  54. ^ "Lime bikes". Brent Council. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  55. ^ "Agreement reached with Lime to tackle safety concerns in Brent". Brent Council. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  56. ^ Higdon, Mike (September 19, 2018). "Reno's Lime Scooters gone for now; this isn't the company's first time being shut out". Reno Gazette-Journal. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  57. ^ "Lime operation manager reacts to cease-and-desist order from city". WISH-TV. July 6, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
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