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The '''House of Savoy''' was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in [[Savoy]] (a small region between [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]], and [[France]]).
'''DrinkOrDie''' ('''DoD''') was an underground software cracking and trading ([[warez]]) network during the [[1990s]], shut down in a major raid in [[2001]].


<table align="right">
DrinkOrDie inwas founded in [[1993]] in [[Moscow]] by a Russian with the handle "[[DrinkOrDie/Deviator|deviator]]" and a friend who went by [[DrinkOrDie/CyberAngel|CyberAngel]]. By [[1995]], the group was global. One of its earliest major accomplishments was the [[Internet]] release of [[Windows 95]] two weeks before [[Microsoft]] released the official version. The activity of the DoD group diminished after [[1996]], and were not considered major players in the warez scene by [[2000]]. The DrinkOrDie network is considered criminal for [[copyright]] infringement. As a rule, they made no financial profit from their activities.
<tr><td>[[image:Stemma_savoia.jpg]]
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They became Kings of [[Sardinia]] and later of Italy.
In 2001, DrinkOrDie had two leaders, one in the [[United States]] and another in [[Australia]].
Members include [[DrinkOrDie/Dezzy|Dezzy]], [[DrinkOrDie/Hackrat|Hackrat]], and [[DrinkOrDie/ForceKill|ForceKill]] (who Customs agent [[Allan Doody]] claimed was a top software cracker).
The network primarily consisted of university undergraduates, but was supported by software company employees, who would leak copies of software and other digital media. DoD most likely received such files indirectly, from other networks. Among the people targeted were also corporate executives, university employees, and government workers.


Their [[kingdom (politics)|Kingdom]] ended with the [[referendum]] by which Italians chose the [[republic]] as the form of state - see also [[birth of the Italian Republic]].
The DrinkOrDie archives, like most other warez archives, included business software as well as movies including [[Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone]], [[Behind Enemy Lines]], [[Monsters Inc.]], and [[Spy Game]].


The dynasty started with Umberto I "Biancamano", ([[1003]]-[[1047]] or [[1048]]), and includes the Counts of Savoy, the Dukes of Savoy, the Kings of Sardinia and the Kings of Italy.
== Operation Buccaneer ==
On [[December 11]], 2001, in an international operation known as "Operation Buccaneer", law enforcement agents in six countries targeted 62 people, with leads in twenty other countries.


=== Counts of Savoy ===
U.S. law enforcement agents, led by the [[U.S. Customs Service]], raided [[M.I.T.]], the [[University of California at Los Angeles]], the [[University of Oregon]] [[Duke University|Duke]] and [[Purdue University|Purdue]], as well as several software companies. Raids were also conducted in [[Britain]], Australia, [[Finland]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]]. Many computers were seized and people questioned.
''Main Branch''
*[[Humbert I of Savoy|Umberto I Biancamano]] : [[1003]]-[[1047]] or [[1048]]
*[[Amadeus I of Savoy|Amedeo I Coda]] : [[1048]]-[[1051]] or [[1056]]
*[[Otto of Savoy|Oddone]] : [[1051]] or [[1056]] - [[1060]]
*[[Peter I of Savoy|Pietro I]] : [[1060]]-[[1078]]
*[[Amadeus II of Savoy|Amedeo II]] : [[1060]]-[[1080]]
*[[Humbert II of Savoy|Umberto II]] : [[1080]]-[[1103]]
*[[Amadeus III of Savoy|Amedeo III]] : [[1103]]-[[1148]]
*[[Humbert III of Savoy|Umberto III]] : [[1148]]-[[1189]]
*[[Thomas I of Savoy|Tommaso I]] : [[1189]]-[[1233]]
*[[Amadeus IV of Savoy|Amedeo IV]] : [[1233]]-[[1253]]
*[[Boniface of Savoy|Bonifacio]] : [[1253]]-[[1263]]
*[[Thomas II of Savoy|Tomasso II]] : [[1253]]-[[1259]]
*[[Peter II of Savoy|Pietro II]] : [[1263]]-[[1268]]
*[[Philip I of Savoy|Filippo I]] : [[1268]]-[[1285]]
*[[Amadeus V of Savoy|Amedeo V]] : [[1285]]-[[1323]]
*[[Edward of Savoy|Edoardo]] : [[1323]] - [[1329]]
*[[Aimone of Savoy|Aimone]] : [[1329]]-[[1343]]
*[[Amadeus VI of Savoy|Amedeo VI]] : [[1343]]-[[1383]]
*[[Amadeus VII of Savoy|Amedeo VII]] : [[1383]]-[[1391]]
*[[Amadeus VIII of Savoy|Amedeo VIII]] : as Count of Savoy [[1391]]-[[1416]]


=== Dukes of Savoy ===
Five people were arrested in England; in the United States, no arrests were made on the day of the raids, pending review of materials seized.
*[[Amadeus VIII of Savoy|Amedeo VIII]] : as Duke of Savoy [[1416]]-[[1440]]
*[[Louis of Savoy|Lodovico]] : [[1440]]-[[1465]]
*[[Amadeus IX of Savoy|Amedeo IX]] : [[1465]]-[[1472]]
*[[Philibert I of Savoy|Filiberto I]] : [[1472]]-[[1482]]
*[[Charles I of Savoy|Carlo I]] : [[1482]]-[[1490]]
*[[Charles John Amadeus of Savoy|Carlo (II) Giovanni Amedeo]] : [[1490]]-[[1496]]
*[[Philip II of Savoy|Filippo II]] : [[1496]]-[[1497]]
*[[Philibert II of Savoy|Filiberto II]] : [[1497]]-[[1504]]
*[[Charles III of Savoy|Carlo III]] : [[1504]]-[[1553]]
*[[Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy|Emanuele Filiberto]] : [[1553]]-[[1580]]
*[[Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy|Carlo Emanuele I]] : [[1580]]-[[1630]]
*[[Victor Amadeus I of Savoy|Vittorio Amedeo I]]: [[1630]]-[[1637]]
*[[Francis Hyacinth of Savoy|Francesco Giacinto]] : [[1637]]-[[1638]]
*[[Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy|Carlo Emanuele II]] : [[1638]]-[[1675]]
*[[Victor Amadeus II of Savoy|Vittorio Amedeo II]] : [[1675]] - [[1720]], [[1730]]-[[1732]], as 1st king of Sardinia [[1720]]-[[1730]]


=== Kings of Sardinia ===
In the United States, 56 search warrants were served and approximately 130 computers, each holding an average of a [[terabyte]] of data, were seized.
*[[Victor Amadeus II of Savoy|Vittorio Amedeo II]] : [[1720]]-[[1730]]
*[[Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy|Carlo Emanuele III]] : [[1730]]-[[1773]]
*[[Victor Amadeus III of Savoy|Vittorio Amedeo III]] : [[1773]]-[[1796]]
*[[Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy|Carlo Emanuele IV]] : [[1796]]-[[1802]]
*[[Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy|Vittorio Emanuele I]] : [[1802]]-[[1821]]
*[[Charles Felix of Savoy|Carlo Felice]] : [[1821]]-[[1831]]


''Savoy - Carignano Branch''
The DrinkOrDie website, where the software could be downloaded for free, was also shut down that day.
*[[Charles Albert of Savoy|Carlo Alberto]] : [[1831]]-[[1849]]
*[[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele II]] : [[1849]]-[[1861]]


<table align="right">
The raid at MIT was in the economics department; the University of Oregon raid at an off-campus location; the Duke raid in the campus dormitory of a male undergraduate. The universities themselves were not considered targets of the criminal investigation.
<tr><td>[[image:bandiera_reale.jpg]]
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=== Kings of Italy: ===
*[[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele II]] : [[1861]]-[[1878]]
*[[Humbert I of Italy|Umberto I]] : [[1878]]-[[1900]]
*[[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele III]] : [[1900]]-[[1946]]
*[[Humbert II of Italy|Umberto II]] : [[1946]]


----
=== Quotations ===
See also: [[List of incumbents]], [[President of Italy]]
----


Name of the dynasty: '''Real Casa di Savoja'''.
The commissioner of the Customs Service, [[Robert C. Bonner]], characterized DrinkOrDie thus:
:This investigation underscores the severity and scope of a multibillion-dollar software swindle over the Internet, as well as the vulnerabilities of this technology to outside attack.


[[Motto]]: '''FERT'''
Customs assistant commissioner [[John Varrone]]:
:The Motto is believed an [[acronym]] of
:Our targets are not your stereotypical teenage hacker.
*"Foedere Et Religione Tenemur" (We will be kept together by the [constitutional] pact and by religion)
:but others suggest:
*"Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit" (His [Our Lord's] strengh preserved Rhodes) or
*"Fides Est Regni Tutela" (Faith is the protection of the kingdom)
*the proposed origin from "Foemina Erit Ruina Tua" (Woman will be your ruin) is obviously only a [[satire]].


----
[[U.S. Department of Commerce|Commerce]] undersecretary [[Phil Bond]] said:
:This is not a sport. This is a serious crime. These people should do some hard time.


Titles of the Crown at the time of Vittorio Amedeo III:
Deputy [[U.S. Treasury]] Secretary [[Kenneth Dam]] said:
:VITTORIO AMEDEO III, per la grazia di Dio Re di Sardegna, Cipro e Gerusalemme; Duca di Savoja, Monferrato, Chablais, Aosta, e Genevese; Principe di Piemonte ed Oneglia; Marchese d'Italia Saluzzo, Susa, Ivrea, Ceva, Maro, Oristano, Sezana; Conte di Moriana, Geneva, Nizza, Tenda, Asti, Alessandria, Goceano; Barone di Vaud e di Faucigny; Signore di Vercelli, Pinerolo, Tarantasia, Lumellino, Val di Sesia; Principe e Vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Imperio in Italia.
:[[Software piracy]] undermines the stability of the burgeoning [[e-commerce]] industry and it is a direct threat to innovative companies that help strengthen the [[U.S. economy]].


----
==External Links and References==


=== External links ===
http://www.drinkordie.com


# [http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/savoyhis.htm Brief history of the House with a picture of coat-of-arm]
[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2001/December/01_crm_643.htm Federal Law Enforcement Targets International Internet Piracy Syndicates: Multiple Enforcement Actions Worldwide Snare Top "Warez" Leadership, U.S. Department of Justice, December 11, 2001]
# [http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/italygen.htm Genealogy of recent members of the House]

[http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/12/technology/12PIRA.html Internet Piracy Is Suspected as U.S. Agents Raid Campuses, The New York Times, December 12, 2001]<br>
[http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,49026,00.html Feds Zero In on Piracy Ring, Associated Press, 2:55 pm December 11, 2001 PST]<br>
[http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,49096,00.html Were DrinkOrDie raids overkill?
Wired News, 02:00 a.m. Dec. 13, 2001 PST]

Revision as of 13:19, 12 September 2002

The House of Savoy was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy (a small region between Piedmont, Italy, and France).

File:Stemma savoia.jpg

They became Kings of Sardinia and later of Italy.

Their Kingdom ended with the referendum by which Italians chose the republic as the form of state - see also birth of the Italian Republic.

The dynasty started with Umberto I "Biancamano", (1003-1047 or 1048), and includes the Counts of Savoy, the Dukes of Savoy, the Kings of Sardinia and the Kings of Italy.

Counts of Savoy

Main Branch

Dukes of Savoy

Kings of Sardinia

Savoy - Carignano Branch

File:Bandiera reale.jpg

Kings of Italy:

See also: List of incumbents, President of Italy

Name of the dynasty: Real Casa di Savoja.

Motto: FERT

The Motto is believed an acronym of
  • "Foedere Et Religione Tenemur" (We will be kept together by the [constitutional] pact and by religion)
but others suggest:
  • "Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit" (His [Our Lord's] strengh preserved Rhodes) or
  • "Fides Est Regni Tutela" (Faith is the protection of the kingdom)
  • the proposed origin from "Foemina Erit Ruina Tua" (Woman will be your ruin) is obviously only a satire.

Titles of the Crown at the time of Vittorio Amedeo III:

VITTORIO AMEDEO III, per la grazia di Dio Re di Sardegna, Cipro e Gerusalemme; Duca di Savoja, Monferrato, Chablais, Aosta, e Genevese; Principe di Piemonte ed Oneglia; Marchese d'Italia Saluzzo, Susa, Ivrea, Ceva, Maro, Oristano, Sezana; Conte di Moriana, Geneva, Nizza, Tenda, Asti, Alessandria, Goceano; Barone di Vaud e di Faucigny; Signore di Vercelli, Pinerolo, Tarantasia, Lumellino, Val di Sesia; Principe e Vicario perpetuo del Sacro Romano Imperio in Italia.
  1. Brief history of the House with a picture of coat-of-arm
  2. Genealogy of recent members of the House
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