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Fokker 100

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Fokker 100
Alliance Airlines Fokker 100 (F-28-0100)
Role Airliner
National origin Netherlands
Manufacturer Fokker
First flight 30 November 1986
Introduction February 1988 with Swissair
Status Out of production, in service
Primary users KLM Cityhopper [ends 2012]
Alliance Airlines
Iran Air
Skywest
Produced 1986-1997
Number built 283
Developed from Fokker F28
Variants Fokker 70

The Fokker 100 is a medium size twin-turbofan airliner from the Fokker company. Low operational costs and almost no competition in the 100-seat short-range class made it a best seller when it was introduced in the late 1980s, but decayed due to increasing competition. Production ended in 1997 with 283 airframes delivered. In August 2009, 229 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 47 airlines around the world.[1]

Design and development

The Fokker F28 Mk 0100 program was announced in 1983 as an updated replacement for Fokker's popular, but superseded F28 Fellowship design. Marketed as the Fokker 1000 the design was based on the original F28 but features modern avionics, new generation Rolls-Royce Tay turbofan engines and a redesigned wing. However the most noticeable difference was the longer fuselage, which increased seating by 65% from 65 in the original F28 series to a maximum of 107 in a three-by-two single-class arrangement. The new wing is claimed by Fokker to be 30% more efficient in cruise, while still keeping the simplicity of a fixed leading edge. The cockpit was updated with a Rockwell Collins DU-1000 EFIS. Like the Fokker Fellowship, the Fokker 100 features twin rear fuselage-mounted engines and a T-tail, similar to that of the Douglas DC-9 family. The Fokker 100 does not have eyebrow windows above the main cockpit windows as on the Fokker F28.

Two prototypes were built - the first, PH-MKH, flew for the first time on November 30, 1986, and the second, PH-MKC, followed on 25 February 1987. The type certificate was awarded in November 1987. The first deliveries of the TAY620-15 powered versions started to Swissair in February 1988. American Airlines (75 aircraft ordered), TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais (now TAM Airlines) (50 aircraft) and US Air (40 aircraft) were major customers of the Fokker 100 and their aircraft were powered by the more powerful TAY 650-15.

British Midland Airways Fokker 100
KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100 (old colors)
Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 at Domodedovo Airport
Skywest Airlines Fokker 100 side view, during maintenance at Perth Airport
Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100
Rear seat engine view of a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100
An Air Niugini Fokker 100 (P2-ANH) parked at Mt. Hagen's Kagamuga Airport, Papua New Guinea.
An Iran Air Fokker 100 at Shiraz International Airport, Iran. (2007)

Operational history

By 1991, Fokker had produced 70 units and had orders for more than 230. An extended range version with additional fuel tanks in the wings was introduced in 1993, and a quick-change passenger/freighter version in 1994, the 100QC. A shorter version was introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the earlier F28, known as the Fokker 70, which removed 4.70 m (15.42 ft) of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Studies on the 130 seat Fokker 130 and the Fokker 100QC (freighter) did not reach further stages of development. A Fokker 100EJ (Executive Jet) was introduced in 2003 as a conversion from used Fokker 100 aircraft.

Although the design was a success in the marketplace, Fokker continued to lose money due to mismanagement. Eventually their parent company, Daimler Benz Aerospace, shut them down. Fokker collapsed in 1996 and wound up production in early 1997. There had been some discussion about the company being purchased by Bombardier, but the plans fell through.

An Amsterdam-based group, Rekkof Restart (Rekkof is Fokker spelled backwards) negotiated to re-open the Fokker 70 and 100 lines in 1999, but the deal never completed. Stork B.V. acquired the maintenance business for the aircraft and operated it under the name "Fokker Aviation".[2]

Like any number of designs, the 70/100 was being increasingly squeezed from below by stretched versions of the Bombardier and Embraer regional jets, which also killed off plans for the Fairchild 728JET/928JET and an unnamed design from ATR. A proposed stretch version called the Fokker 130 was never built.[2]

Operators

As of January 2012, 148 aircraft are still in operational use with airlines.[3]

Former operators

Accidents and incidents

  • 5 March 1993 (1993-03-05): Palair Macedonian Flight 301, a Fokker 100 (PH-KXL) crashed shortly after take-off from Skopje Airport on its way to Zurich Airport, killing 83 of 97 passengers and crew on board.[4]
  • 31 October 1996 (1996-10-31): a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 operating flight 402 crashed next to São Paulo-Congonhas Airport in Brazil, killing 99 people, including everyone on board plus four people on the ground.[5]
  • 9 July 1997 (1997-07-09): a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 registration PT-WHK operating flight 283 en route from São José dos Campos to São Paulo-Congonhas was climbing after take-off from São José dos Campos when a bomb exploded in the rear part of the passenger cabin. The uncontrolled decompression blew one passenger out of the aircraft. The aircraft made a successful emergency landing in São Paulo, despite the hole in the fuselage.[6]
  • 7 November 1999 (1999-11-07): Air Dolomiti Flight 2708, a Fokker 100 flying from Venice Marco Polo Airport with 44 on board, suffered maingear failure while approaching Barcelona International Airport and landed safely on a foam carpet.[7]
  • 15 September 2001 (2001-09-15): a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 registration PT-MRN operating the charter flight 9755, flying from Recife to Campinas-Viracopos, following an uncontrolled engine failure en route to Campinas had 3 cabin windows shattered by fragments of the engine and made an emergency landing at Belo Horizonte-Confins. One passenger was sucked out partly and held by another passenger until the aircraft landed. The passenger did not survive though.[8][9]
  • 25 January 2007 (2007-01-25): Air France Flight 7775 from Pau to Paris crashed shortly after take-off. All 54 passengers and crew escaped from the aircraft, although one person on the ground was killed .[10] An investigation by the BEA revealed that the cause of the accident was ice on the wings of the aircraft involved.[11]
  • 2 February 2008 (2008-02-02): an Austrian Airlines Fokker 100 made an emergency landing at Leeds Bradford International Airport in the UK, after the right engine was reported idle. The pilots landed safely, and there were no injuries amongst the 103 passengers and crew on board.[12]
  • 12 August 2009 (2009-08-12): the wheel on an Aseman Airlines Fokker 100 exploded and caught fire as the aircraft made a hard landing in the city of Isfahan.
  • 14 September 2009 (2009-09-14): Contact Air Flight 288 from Berlin Tegel was forced to make an emergency landing at Stuttgart Airport, Germany. None of the passengers, including well-known German politician Franz Müntefering, were seriously injured.
  • 18 November 2009 (2009-11-18): Iran Air Fokker 100 EP-CFO suffered an undercarriage malfunction on take-off from Isfahan International Airport. The aircraft was on a flight to Mehrabad Airport, Tehran when the undercarriage failed to retract. The aircraft landed at Isfahan, but was substantially damaged when the left main gear collapsed.[13]
  • 3 December 2009 (2009-12-03): Merpati Nusantara Airlines Fokker 100 PK-MJD made an emergency landing at El Tari Airport, Kupang when the left main gear failed to extend. There were no injuries among the passengers and crew.[14]
  • 15 January 2010 (2010-01-15): Iran Air Fokker 100 EP-IDA, operating Flight 223 was substantially damaged when the nose gear collapsed after landing at Isfahan International Airport.[15]
  • 11 February 2010 (2010-02-11): Click Mexicana Fokker 100 XA-SHJ, operating flight CBE7222 was forced to land on its belly due to a presumably mechanical failure on the landing gear; it was routed to make an emergency landing at Aeropuerto Internacional de Monterrey where the aircraft overran the runway. None of the passengers were seriously injured.[16]
  • 25 August 2010 (2010-08-25): Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 773, operated by a Fokker 100, overran the runway on landing at Tabriz International Airport because of bad runway conditions (water puddles). The aircraft was substantially damaged.[17]

Specifications

Fokker 100
Tay 620 		Fokker 100
Tay 650
Cockpit crew Two
Seating capacity 122 (1-class, maximum)
107 (1-class, typical)
97 (2-class, typical)
Seat pitch 29 in (74 cm) (1-class, maximum)
32 in (81 cm) (1-class, typical)
36 in (91 cm) & 32 in (81 cm) (2-class, typical)
Length 35.53 metres (116 ft 7 in)
Wingspan 28.08 metres (92 ft 2 in)
Wing area 93.5 square metres (1,006 sq ft)
Height 8.50 metres (27 ft 11 in)
Fuselage diameter 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in)
Cabin width 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in)
Cabin height 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in)
Typical empty weight 24,375 kilograms (53,738 lb) 24,541 kilograms (54,104 lb)
Maximum take-off weight 43,090 kilograms (95,000 lb) 45,810 kilograms (100,990 lb)
Maximum payload weight 11,242 kilograms (24,784 lb) 11,993 kilograms (26,440 lb)
Max. cruising speed 845 km/h (525 mph, 456 kn), Mach 0.77
Range fully loaded 1,323 nautical miles (2,450 km; 1,522 mi) 1,710 nautical miles (3,170 km; 1,970 mi)
Take off run at MTOW 4,988 feet (1,520 m) 5,319 feet (1,621 m)
Fuel capacity 13,365 L (2,940 imp gal; 3,531 US gal)
Service ceiling 35,000 ft (11,000 m)
Powerplants (2x) Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 620-15 Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 650-15
Engine thrust 13,850 lbf (61.6 kN) 15,100 lbf (67.2 kN)
  • Notes: Data are provided for reference only. Tay 620=Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 62015 and Tay 650=Rolls-Royce Tay Mk 65015
  • Sources: airliners.net,[18] aer.ita.br[19]

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes
  1. ^ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006.
  2. ^ a b "History of Fokker." undinguniverse.com. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  3. ^ "http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?&search=search&operator=AND&ac_ac=F100&start=30
  4. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 PH-KXL Skopje." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 13 April 2008.
  5. ^ "Accident description PT-MRK." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  6. ^ "Accident description PT-WHK." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  7. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 100 I-ALPL Barcelona Airport (BCN)." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  8. ^ "Accident description PT-MRN." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  9. ^ Marra, Lívia. "Avião da TAM acidentado em Minas havia sido revisado no mês passado" (in Portuguese.] Folha Online, 16 September 2001. Retrieved: 23 May 2011.
  10. ^ "Picture: Truck driver killed as Air France Régional Fokker 100 hits vehicle during overrun in Pau." Flight Global. Retrieved: 2 January 2009.
  11. ^ "Icing led to Air France Fokker take-off crash: investigators." Flight Global. Retrieved: 2 January 2009.
  12. ^ BBC News
  13. ^ "Accident description: Fokker 100 EP-CFO." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  14. ^ "Merpati Air Plane Passengers Unharmed In Emergency Landing." Bernama. Retrieved: 4 December 2009.
  15. ^ "Accident: Iran Air F100 at Isfahan on Jan 15th 2010, nose gear collapse on landing." Aviation Herald. Retrieved: 17 January 2010.
  16. ^ "Avión aterriza de emergencia en Monterrey." eluniversal.com, 11 February 2010.
  17. ^ "Plane Skids off Runway in Northwestern Iran." Fars News Agency. Retrieved: 27 August 2010.
  18. ^ "The Fokker 100." airliners.net. Retrieved: 17 August 2011.
  19. ^ Fokker 100 Specifications aer.ita.br. Retrieved: 29 January 2012.
Bibliography
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. 'Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory. London: Brassey's, 1996. ISBN 1-85753-198-1.
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