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=== Response by non-governmental organizations ===
=== Response by non-governmental organizations ===
*[[UN-SPIDER]], Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmospheric Research Commission ([http://www.suparco.gov.pk/ SUPARCO]) received assistance through the [http://un-spider.org/disaster/3665/2010-07-22/pakistan/flood-pakistan SpaceAid Framework] of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response ([http://www.un-spider.org UN-SPIDER]) during the first phase of the disaster. Through SpaceAid, SUPARCO has been able to access crucial post and pre-disaster satellite data. This information is being used by Pakistan’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and relief organizations to assist response efforts and assess damages. UN-SPIDER was first in aiding SUPARCO with information gathered from the major international mechanisms and satellite providers. Humanitarian NGOs such as [http://www.immap.org/ iMMAP] and Pakistan Youth Organization have been using this information for their operations as well.


*[[Disasters Emergency Committee]], an umbrella group of 13 UK charities reports that as of 14 August its flood-relief-appeal has so far raised £12 million and that its member agencies have distributed aid to more than 600,000 people.<ref name="DEC448">{{cite web|url=http://ftp.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=113144&Itemid=2|date=14 August 2010 |accessdate=14 August 2010 |title=Donations by Britons for Pakistan flood reaches 12 million pounds}}</ref>
*[[Disasters Emergency Committee]], an umbrella group of 13 UK charities reports that as of 14 August its flood-relief-appeal has so far raised £12 million and that its member agencies have distributed aid to more than 600,000 people.<ref name="DEC448">{{cite web|url=http://ftp.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=113144&Itemid=2|date=14 August 2010 |accessdate=14 August 2010 |title=Donations by Britons for Pakistan flood reaches 12 million pounds}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:56, 20 August 2010

2010 Pakistan floods
Date26 July 2010—
LocationKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh and Balouchistan
Deaths2,000+[1]
Property damage5.1-7.1 billion USD[2]

The 2010 Pakistan floods began in July 2010 after heavy monsoon rains affected the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab as well as parts of Baluchistan. An estimated 2,000 people have died so far[1] with close to a million homes badly damaged or destroyed.[3] The United Nations estimates over 20 million people are suffering[4][5] with over 160,000 square kilometers[6] affected as a result of the flooding,[4][5] exceeding the combined total of the affected of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. However, the death toll in each of those three disasters was much higher than the number of people killed so far in the floods[5]. Around a fifth of Pakistan's total land area was impacted by the flooding.[7]

UN Secretary-general Ban Ki-Moon has asked for an initial $460 million for emergency relief, noting that the flood was the worst disaster he had ever seen. 50% of the relief funds requested has been received as of 15 August 2010.[8] The U.N. is concerned that aid is not arriving fast enough, while the World Health Organization reported that ten million people were forced to drink unsafe water.[9] The Pakistani economy has been harmed by extensive damage to infrastructure and crops.[10] Structural damages are estimated to exceed 4 billion USD, and wheat crop damages are estimated to be over 500 million USD.[2]

Flooding

Satellite images of the upper Indus River valley comparing water-levels on August 1, 2009 (top) and July 31, 2010 (bottom)

The floods were caused by monsoon rains, which were forecasted to continue into early August and were described as the worst in this area in the last 80 years.[11] The Pakistan Meteorological Department said that 300 mm (12 inches) of rain fell over a 36-hour period and more was expected. So far as many as 500,000 or more people have been displaced from their homes.[11] Manuel Bessler, head of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, stated that 36 districts were involved, and 550,000 people were affected,[12] although later reports increased the number to as high as a million affected.[13] The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial information-minister Mian Iftikhar Hussain said "the infrastructure of this province was already destroyed by terrorism. Whatever was left was finished off by these floods."[14] He also called the floods "the worst calamity in our history."[15] Four million Pakistanis were left with food shortages.[16]

Officials have warned that the death-toll could rise as many towns and villages are not accessible and communications have been disrupted. In some areas, the water-level was 5.5 m (18 ft) high and residents were seen on roof-tops waiting for aid to arrive.[15] At least 1,588 people have been injured, 722,600 houses and 4,600 villages have been damaged or destroyed.[17] The Karakoram Highway, which connects Pakistan with China, was closed after a bridge was destroyed.[18] The ongoing devastating floods in Pakistan will have a severe impact on an already vulnerable population, says the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). In addition to all the other damages the floods have caused, floodwaters have destroyed much of the healthcare-infrastructure in the worst-affected areas, leaving inhabitants especially vulnerable to water-borne disease.[19] In Sindh, the Indus River burst its banks near Sukkur on August 8, submerging the village of Mor Khan Jatoi.[16] There is also an absence of law and order, mainly in Sindh. Looters have been taking advantage of the floods by ransacking abandoned homes using boats.[20]

In early August, the heaviest flooding moved southward along the Indus River from severely-affected northern regions toward western Punjab, where at least 1,400,000 acres (570,000 ha) of cropland was destroyed,[16] and the southern province of Sindh.[21] The crops affected were cotton, sugarcane, rice, pulses, tobacco and animal fodder. Floodwaters and rain destroyed 700,000 acres (3,000 km2) of cotton, 200,000 acres (800 km2) acres each of rice and cane, 500,000 tonnes of wheat and 300,000 acres (1,000 km2) of animal fodder.[22][23] According to the Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association, the floods destroyed 2 million bales of cotton, which led to an increase in futures of the commodity in international market.[24][25]

The power infrastructure of Pakistan also took a severe blow from the floods, which damaged 10,000 transmission lines, transformers, feeders and power houses in different flood hit areas. Flood water inundated Jinnah Hydro power and 150 power houses in Gilgit. The damage caused a power shortfall of 3,135 MW.[26]

It has also been reported by International Red Cross that a large number of unexploded ordinance such as mines and artillery shells have been flushed down stream by the floods from areas in Kashmir and Waziristan and scattered in low lying areas, posing a future risk to returning inhabitants.[27]

Aid agencies have warned that outbreaks of diseases, such as: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and skin diseases due to lack of clean drinking water and sanitation can pose a serious new risk to victims of flood.[28][29] On August 14, the first case of cholera emerged in the town of Mingora, as fear ran through millions of stranded victims of flood, who are already suffering from gastroenteritis and diarrhea.[30][31][32].

On the direction of President Asif Ali Zardari, there were no official celebrations of 63rd Independence Day on 14 August as the country faces calamity.[33]

Pakistani authorities have predicted that fresh rainfall is expected to trigger further two waves of flooding, inundating more land and swallowing yet more villages. One of this new flood surge is currently sweeping down from mountainous areas in the north and expected to hit highly populated areas in the coming days, while the second wave is being formed in the mountains.[34]

An article in the New Scientist[35] attributed the cause of the exceptional rainfall to "freezing" of the jet stream, a phenomenon that simultaneously also caused an unprecedented heat wave and wildfires in Russia as well as the 2007 United Kingdom floods in the past.[36]

Some Pakistani commentators also said that the construction of dams on the Sutlej and Beas rivers by India had exacerbated the situation, claiming that India deliberately released water from the dams to increase flooding.[37]

Potential long term effects

Food

Floods have submerged 17 million acres of Pakistan's most fertile crop land, have killed 200,000 livestock and have washed away massive amounts of grain. A major concern is that farmers will be unable to meet the fall deadline for planting new seeds in 2010, meaning a massive loss of food production in 2011, and potentially leading to long term food shortages.[38] The agricultural damages are more than 2.9 billion dollars, according to recent estimates, and include over 700,000 acres of lost cotton crops, 200,000 acres of sugar cane and 200,000 acres of rice, in addition to the loss of over 500,000 tonnes of stocked wheat, 300,000 acres of animal fodder and the stored grain losses.[39][40]

Agricultural crops like Cotton, Rice,Sugarcane were badly affected in Punjab and to some extent Mangoes as per the spokesman of Harvest Tradings-Pakistan. The international community should fully participate in the rehabilitation process as well as for the revival of agricultural crops in order to get better GDP growth in the future. The District Manager of Harvest Tradings Mr.Farooq Azam has visited the affected areas of South Punjab. According to him, some mango growers of Multan Division have raised their prices up to Rs 130/kg for profit taking in this disaster which is very surprising. He further said that Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited must write off all the agriculture loans of the affected areas in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa especially for small farmers[41]

Infrastructure

Floods have damaged an estimated 2,433 miles of highway and 3,508 miles of railroad. Cost estimations for highway damages are at approximately 158 million USD and railroad damages are at 131 million USD. Any unique or particularly large infrastructure damages will increase these estimates.[2] Public building damages are estimated at 1 billion USD.[2]

Taliban insurgency

The flood will divert Pakistani military forces from fighting the Pakistani Taliban insurgents (TTP) in the Northwest to help in the relief effort.[42] It is feared that this will allow Taliban fighters to regroup.[43] On the other hand, it has been suggested that by helping flood victims the US has an opportunity to improve its image.[44]

The Pakistani Taliban have also engaged in relief efforts and make inroads where the government is absent or seen as corrupt.[45] As the flood may have dislodged many property markers, it is feared that governmental delay and corruption will give an advantage to the Taliban to settle these disputes swiftly.[45] A Taliban spokesperson asked the Pakistani government to reject Western help from "Christians and Jews" indicating that, instead, the Taliban can raise $20 million.[45][46]

Relief efforts

A bridge damaged by the flooding

Pakistan has appealed to international donors for help in responding to the disaster.[47] Twenty-one helicopters and 150 boats were pressed into service to assist the affected people according to the National Disaster Management Authority of Pakistan.[48] The US embassy in Pakistan provided seven helicopters to the authorities to assist in relief-operations.[49] The United Nations also launched relief efforts.[12] It appealed for $460 million to provide immediate help, including food, shelter and clean water. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited Pakistan on 15 August to oversee and discuss the relief efforts.[28][29] A Pakistani army spokesman said that troops had been deployed in all affected areas and had rescued thousands of people.[14] Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani visited the province and directed the Pakistan Navy to help evacuate the flood-victims.[50] By early August, more than 352,291 people have been rescued.[17]

Response by national governments

  • Afghanistan Afghanistan finance minister Hazrat Omar Zakhailwal handed a cheque worth $1 million to Pakistani ambassador Mohammad Sadiq at the end of a press conference in Afghan capital Kabul.[51]
  • Australia Australia announced a A$10 million aid-package,[52] as well as committing two C17 Globemaster aircraft to deliver emergency supplies and to assist relief efforts.[53]
  • Azerbaijan Azerbaijan embassy in Pakistan transferred its two-days’ salary worth around $2,000 to relief fund.[54] The country will also give US$1 million financial assistance for helping the victims and eliminate the aftermath of the disaster.[55][56][57]
  • Bangladesh Bangladesh has pledged $2 million for relief and will also dispatch a medical team along with material assistance including tents, blankets, water purification tablets, mineral waters, life saving drugs and vaccines, oral saline, hygiene kit, biscuits and packed dry food.[58]
  • China China initially announced that it would provide emergency aid worth 10 million yuan (approx. US$ 1.48 million ) to help the flood-victims. China was one of the first countries providing immediate aid to Pakistan in the aftermath of the floods. The People's Liberation Army donated another 10 million yuan to Pakistan.[citation needed] The Chinese Red Cross has also given US $50,000 in cash to Pakistan.[61][62] The Chinese ambassador to Pakistan traveled to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and expressed his condolences to those affected by the tragedy.[63][64] On August 13, China announced another emergency humanitarian aid worth 50 million yuan (US$7.35 million) bringing the total official Chinese relief aid to more than 70 million yuan(approx. US$ 10.3 million) to the flood-affected Pakistani people.[65]
  • European Union The European Union released 10 million euros to help Pakistan's flood victims on 11 August, as part of emergency aid to flood-stricken country.[67] By 18 August, the EU had committed to spending 70 million euros (90 million dollars) on aid for victims of the floods.[68]
  • Germany Germany initially committed 1 million euros for the victims, which was further increased to 2 million euros on 6 August.[71] On 12 August, Germany announced a $13 million aid package.[72] On 13 August Germany increased its aid comittment by €10 million to now €25 million in direct help plus €43 million via contributions through international organizations with which it is associated. In addition there have been private donations to charities in the scale of €24 million up to August 18.
  • India India offered on 13 August US$5 million for provision of relief material for the victims of the massive floods.[74][75]. Also, there are nearly 400 Indian doctors, who are waiting for the Pakistan government's nod for visas to help flood victims.[76]
  • Iran Iran has committed over 400 tonnes of relief goods so far as of 14 August 2010 out of which 180 tonnes have already been delivered by the Iranian transport aircrafts. These goods include tents, floorings, clothes, canned food, bread and medical supplies. Iranian red crescent society has also been on the ground along with Pakistan red crescent society as a part of its ongoing relief operation inside Pakistan to more than 100,000 flood vicitms. In addition to the Iranian government help Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani has announced that one third of collected Khums will be donated to Pakistan for humanitarian assistance.[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] Iran's chamber of commerce also donated US $1 million to the flood affectees.[85] Iran has also offered to setup field hospitals and community centers for flood victims in Pakistan.[86]
  • Japan Japan provided US$ 0.23 million for emergency relief goods, while additional assistance of up to US$3 million has been committed for the disaster aftermath.
  • Malaysia Malaysia has also announced aid of $1 million to help people in flood-hit Pakistan.[88]
  • Nepal Nepal cabinet provided cash assistance of Rs 10 million for flood victims in Pakistan.[89]
  • Nigeria Nigeria also assisted Pakistan by donating US$ 1 million.[90]
  • Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia released a statement announcing the establishment of an air-bridge to ferry relief-supplies to Pakistan. In total Saudi Arabia has allocated US $100 million for the relief-operation.[92]
  • Syria Syria announced that it would send 35 tonnes of foodstuffs, medical supplies, medicines and many other necessary materials to help flood victims[97]
  • Turkey Turkey has donated US$ 5 million to Pakistan initially, in addition to 115 tonnes of humanitarian aid consisting of food packages, blankets, sleeping bags and beds delivered to Pakistan Red Crescent Society.[98][78] By 18 August, Turkey has donated more than US$11 million and issued a rallying cry and launched a large-scale relief effort for flood-ravaged Pakistan.[99][100]
  • United Kingdom United Kingdom has dispatched a Royal Air Force C17 aircraft which is the RAF's largest transport aircraft capable of carrying almost 74,000 kg of freight and 138 personnel over distances up to 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km). The C17 has already taken a load of 500 tents to Islamabad, where they will be driven to Peshawar to help provide shelter for people driven from their homes by the flooding.[101] Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has also acknowledged the slow international response and urged British public to donate generously.[102] British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II has made a personal donation to the relief effort for flood victims in Pakistan, the Queen gave an undisclosed amount via the. British Red Cross.[103] Additionally, the UK government "has now earmarked up to £31.3 million for the relief and recovery effort." [104] Nick Clegg said that the international response had been "absolutely pitiful."[105]
  • United States The United States has been at the forefront of the relief effort.[106] United States stated that it would provide 56,000 ready meals on August 1 and 2, twelve temporary bridges and two water-filtration-plants to help the flood-victims as part of a US$10 million aid-pledge.[107] Commenting on the floods, the United States Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, stated, "The Pakistani people are friends and partners, and the United States is standing with them as the tragic human toll mounts from flooding in northwest Pakistan."[108] Hillary Clinton personally donated $10 for flood-relief in an effort to encourage people to donate, no matter how small the amount.[109] On 10 August, US announced another $20 million to provide relief for the affected,[110] taking the flood related aid from United States to US$ 55 million.[111] On 11 August, US increased its assistance for flood-ravaged Pakistan to $ 71 million.[112] Additionally, United States initially provided six US Army CH-47 Chinook helicopters from their duty in Afghanistan. On 12 August, it provided two more CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters to assist Pakistan Army in their relief efforts. The two helicopters are first of 19 helicopters that US Defense Secretary Robert Gates has urgently ordered for Pakistan in next few days.[113] Senator John Kerry will also visit Pakistan in order to survey the damage from the disaster, and to raise US public awareness about Pakistani relief needs.[114] On 13 August, US increased its aid to US $84 million as USS Peleliu gets ready to dispatch more helicopters pledged earlier by US Defense Secretary.[115] In addition to this, the United States is providing $3 million to the World Health Organization to expand the capacity of Pakistan's Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) and to establish the first 15 treatment centers for water-borne illness. It is also working with the humanitarian community to spread awareness through radio stations regarding safety precautions against water-borne diseases.[116] On 14 August, further two CH-53E Super Stallion and a MH-53E Sea Dragon arrived in Pakistan to work with Pakistan military in flood-affected areas.[117] On Thursday, 20 August, the United States pledged an additional $60 million to the U.N. flood relief effort in Pakistan, bringing its total contribution to $150 million in a move designed to encourage other governments and private donors to boost their aid.[118]
  • World Bank provided US$ 1.3 million to Pakistani government for relief work.[119] The bank has additionally approved a loan of US$ 900 million for medium and long term reconstruction.[1]

Response by non-governmental organizations

  • UN-SPIDER, Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmospheric Research Commission (SUPARCO) received assistance through the SpaceAid Framework of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) during the first phase of the disaster. Through SpaceAid, SUPARCO has been able to access crucial post and pre-disaster satellite data. This information is being used by Pakistan’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and relief organizations to assist response efforts and assess damages. UN-SPIDER was first in aiding SUPARCO with information gathered from the major international mechanisms and satellite providers. Humanitarian NGOs such as iMMAP and Pakistan Youth Organization have been using this information for their operations as well.
  • Disasters Emergency Committee, an umbrella group of 13 UK charities reports that as of 14 August its flood-relief-appeal has so far raised £12 million and that its member agencies have distributed aid to more than 600,000 people.[122]
  • Oxfam has currently providing clean water and hot meals to over 180,000 people. In total, Oxfam aims to reach around 900,000 people with clean water, sanitation kits and hygiene supplies.[123]
  • Save the Children are using helicopters, donkeys and boats to deliver doctors and medical supplies to families cut off by the water. They've sent a medical team and medicines in on donkeys in Allai and treated more than one thousand patients currently and plan to distribute 800 shelter kits, including tarpaulins, jerry cans and plastic glasses, to flood-affected families.[124]
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Red Cross has dispatched food and shelter items for more than 100,000 people for distribution by Pakistan Red Crescent volunteers. In addition, medicines and medical supplies have been sent to Paroa Hospital in Dera Ismail Khan and to Bannu.[125]
  • Humanity First, in collaboration with NCHD has dispatched over 500 tents as well as mattresses, blankets, floor mats, buckets and shoes. 350 water survival boxes have been provided in collaboration with the British Rotary charity WorldWaterWorks Limited. The local team is also preparing packs of non-perishable food to last a month for 1,000 families. The initial response package is for around 10,000 people, but response is expected to rise. Moreover, 3 medical camps have been set up which see 200 patients a day.[126]
  • MERCY Malaysia has setup two clinics in the districts of Nowshera and Charsadda, each with a local doctor and three medical staff. It also sent a team on 12 August to support the clinics. The NGO donated five units of ultra-filtration water systems worth US$15,000 and donated US$40,000 worth of tents, food and drinking water.[127][128]
  • CARE International has provided water purification tablets, tents, family hygiene kits, kitchen sets, tarpaulins and mosquito nets to thousands of survivors. Mobile and basic healthcare units have provided health services to around 4,500 people.[129]
  • Islamic Relief is distributing 3,570 family hygiene kits in Nowshera and Mardan districts benefitting 24,990 people. Also it is distributing 2,850 household kits (containing mattresses, mosquito nets etc.) and 2,850 kitchen sets to benefit 19,950 people.[130] Pakistani cricket star Shahid Afridi is working with the NGO in raising the aid for the disaster.[131]
  • Muslim Charity has launched £750,000 appeal to help the victims of flood in Pakistan. Muslim Charity targets to benefit 45,000 people through its activities. Muslim Charity is providing food to 25,000 people for the month of Ramadan, clean drinking water to 10,000 people, medical facilities to 10,000 people through its 5 medical camps and shelter to 5,000 people. In its second phase of relief work; Muslim Charity targets to reconstruct 200 house in Pakistan.
  • Concern have helped 18,000 people and 6,400 people in Charsadda district have received emergency packages.[132]
  • UNICEF UNICEF has set up 24 medical camps in the affected areas, benefiting around one million people.[133]
  • United Methodist Church's represenatives are on the ground with a project that within the week will purify more than 3.5 million liters of drinking water and benefit more than 73,000 people a day. The Methodist are also helping to bring food relief and emergency shelter to tens of thousands of Pakistanis affected by the flooding.[134]
  • World Vision is currently providing clean water and food in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa province and is treating people at five health clinics. The agency plans to reach 150,000 people during the first 90 days with relief items including water purification packets, hygiene kits, tents, cooking items and food. It also aims to provide cash-for-work activities to 1,000 people, open additional health posts, set up 20 child-friendly spaces and 20 women-friendly spaces to provide a safe and comfortable environment for children and women to interact with peers and receive support. World Vision plans to expand these efforts as floodwaters recede and more communities become accessible.[citation needed]
  • Giving Children Hope will be distributing relief medical supplies and equipment to three medical centers and mobile medical clinics located in Peshawar, Pakistan, the capital of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province- one of the hardest hit by the flood. These relief supplies will be distributed to those who are living in temporary shelters and those already living in poverty. http://www.gchope.org/flood-in-pakistan.html
  • University of Western Sydney: Professor Janice Reid, Vice-Chancellor and University President, announced to support to the people of Pakistan, the University of Western Sydney will be making a $10,000 donation to the Australian Red Cross. In her appeal, “The UWS community is a compassionate community and, as in similar relief efforts in the past, UWS staff and students have expressed a desire to collectively contribute to the relief effort. Whilst we would like to establish a central fund, advice indicates that it is faster and easier for people to donate directly to the key agencies coordinating aid and relief appeals”.
  • Roshni Development Organization-RDO : RDO is a non-profit Organization mainly operational in FATA and Khyber PakhtunKhwa, the Executive Director (Mr. Muhammad Alam) and Program Director (Mr. Javed Ahmed) had announced a "Flood Relief Campaign" for the flood victims. Donations are received and still continue from all around the Pakistan and abroad may reach nearly $ 5000 after a week or so.
  • Karachi Relief Trust www.karachirelief.org: KRT is an NGO originally established to provide relief to the people afflicted in the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh by Cyclone Yemyin in 2007. This group of civic minded volunteers came together with the fundamental belief that each of us can and should make a difference. KRT volunteers organized quickly to obtain donations, coordinated activities of volunteers in the supply of weekly shipment of food and were active in efforts to rebuild homes in the affected areas. KRT has mobilized once more to help with the enormous task of providing assistance to displaced individuals in the flood affected areas of Pakistan. Through tireless individual effort and the generosity of their friends and sponsors, KRT has already begun the process of making an impact in the lives of many.

Response by corporations

  • Google Foundation : Google Foundation donated $250k for the flood relief efforts. A corporate broadcast was sent to all employees to raise awareness about the disaster.
  • Cisco Systems : Cisco Systems will match employee donations for flood relief upto $250 k. A corporate broadcast was sent to all employees to raise awareness about the disaster.
  • BMO Financial Group : BMO Financial Group, Canada’s oldest bank, has donated $100,000 in support of Red Cross relief and recovery efforts. In addition, the company is accepting donations through its BMO Bank of Montreal branches in Canada and its Harris branches in the United States. The company is also waiving fees for fund transfers and drafts to Pakistan through September 17, 2010.

Criticism of response

The Pakistani government was blamed for sluggish and disorganized response to the floods.[138] The perceived disorganized and insufficient response led to instances of riots, with attacks and looting of aid convoys by hunger-stricken people.[139] The lack of a unified government response allowed Islamic groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jamaat-e-Islami to supply aid with minimal resistance.[140][141] President Asif Ali Zardari was also criticized for going ahead with visits to meet leaders in Britain and France at a time when his nation was facing catastrophe.[142][143] In Sindh, the ruling Pakistan People's Party ministers were accused of using their influence to direct flood waters off their crops while risking densely populated areas.[144]

The United Nations criticized the international community for responding slowly, despite the ferocity and magnitude of disaster. As of 9 August, only $45 million in aid had been committed, which is far less than usual for a natural disaster of this scale.[145] In an analysis of the response to the disaster, The Guardian said that there was a dire need of relief goods in the immediate aftermath of the floods. It quoted the UN's humanitarian affairs co-ordination office, saying that "[s]ix million [of the 14 million affected] are children and 3 million women of child-bearing age. This is a higher figure than in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami."[146]

China and Saudi Arabia, Pakistan's closest allies, were initially criticized for their slow response to Pakistan's calls for aid.[147].

India, a neighbor of Pakistan, was being criticized for being completely silent about the calamity for weeks. It was described by The Diplomat as "aloof and blind to the tragedy affecting Pakistan" with the Indian media "barely giving the disaster" any coverage, while "the international community and aid agencies pump aid to those affected".[148][149] Influential sections in Pakistan had noticed that India, which considers Pakistan a long-time arch-rival, had been conspicuous in its absence of the humanitarian effort. Much less a formal offer for aid and assistance, the Indian government had not offer any statement of sympathy or support, usually a routine first step to offering assistance in the face of natural calamity until weeks following the floods.[150][151] On 13 August, India decided to offer condolences and offered $5 million.[152][153] Pakistan accepted the offer.[154][155][156] as of August 19.[157]

An analysis by AP's correspondent, Nahal Toosi, suggested that a number of factors account for the inadequate international response, namely the low death toll, the protracted unfolding of the extent of the catastrophe, the lack of celebrity involvement, the impression that the government is not focused on the event, and a certain donor fatigue, perhaps more so as Pakistan has been receiving support before.[158]

British Prime Minister David Cameron was accused by Pakistan of hampering international aid efforts after he claimed that Pakistan was responsible for promoting terrorism.[159][160]

Some potential donors doubt that funds will reach victims of the flood, but will rather be diverted to terrorist groups such as the Taliban, despite a significant amount of the aid effort being directed by the United Nations.[161]

Minorities

It has been reported that members of Pakistan's Ahmadiyya Muslim community, who were caught up in floods in Muzaffargarh, were not rescued from their homes because rescuers felt that Muslims must be given priority. Ahmadi Muslims complained to the government that not only were they not rescued but in some instances ejected from relief camps when their identity was disclosed. Ahmadis were declared non-muslim minority by the Pakistani government which prevented them to 'pose as Muslims' and have faced countinued persecution.[162][163]

Members of the Sikh community, who arrived in Gurdwaras in Lahore also complained of government apathy. They said members of their community were abandoned in Khyber-Pakhtoonkhwa and had to arrange rescue for themselves.[162]

Flooding cause and past history

Current flooding in blamed in unprecedented monsoon rain[164]. The rainfall anomaly map published by NASA shows unusually intense monsoon rains [165]. These intense monsoon rains were forecast by Pakistan metrological department [166]. Pakistan metrological department shows the above average rainfall in the months of July and Aug 2010 [166]. Pakistan metrological department shows the flood wave progression [166]. There is a history of flooding with past floods in 1997, 1995, and 1988 [166] which shows that such discharge levels had been witnessed in the past as well.

See also

References

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  13. ^ "UN voices Pakistan flood fears as death toll soars". BBC. 31 July 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  14. ^ a b Witte, Griff (30 July 2010). "Government ramps up relief efforts in flooded northwest Pakistan". The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b Khan, Ismail. "400 Killed in Flooding in Pakistan, Officials Say". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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