Pekanbaru: Difference between revisions

Pekanbaru

**Bandar Raya Pekanbaru (Malay)**
**ڤكنبارو (Jawi)**
Pekanbaru Bandar Raya Pekanbaru (Malay); ڤكنبارو (Jawi)
City
	From top, left to right:Riau Main Stadium, Skyline of Pekanbaru, Zapin Dance Monument, Flyover Sudirman-Tuanku Tambusai, Riau Bank Tower, Great Mosque An-Nur, Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport. From top, left to right:Riau Main Stadium, Skyline of Pekanbaru, Zapin Dance Monument, Flyover Sudirman-Tuanku Tambusai, Riau Bank Tower, Great Mosque An-Nur, Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport.
	Coat of arms
	Nickname: Kota Bertuah (Indonesian): "The City of Good Fortune"
	Motto(s): Bersih, Tertib, Usaha Bersama, Aman, dan Harmonis (Clean, Orderly, Labor, Peace and Harmony)
	Location of Pekanbaru in Indonesia
Country	Indonesia
Province	Riau
Founded	22 June 1784
Government
• Mayor	H. Firdaus, ST, MT
Area
• Total	632.26 km2 (244.12 sq mi)
Population (2013)
• Total	950,571
• Density	1,503/km2 (3,890/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+7 (WIB)
Postal code	28131
Area code	+62 761
Website	www.pekanbaru.go.id

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Pekanbaru (Jawi: ڤكنبارو) is the capital of Riau, a province in Indonesia on the island of Sumatra. It has an area of 632.26 km² with a population of 950,571,^[2] making it Sumatra's third largest municipality, after Medan and Palembang.

It is located by the Siak River, which drains to the Strait of Malacca that makes Pekanbaru has direct access to the busy strait and was long known as a trading port (the city name is derived from the Indonesian words of 'new market' or 'new town', "pekan" meaning 'market' or 'town', and "baru" meaning 'new'). The city is divided into 12 subdistricts (kecamatan). This city is served by the Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport and Sungai Duku Port that is located by the Siak River. A settlement has existed on the site since the 17th century. In the late 19th century, the city was developed to serve the coffee and coal industries, and the Dutch built roads to help ship goods to Singapore and Malacca.

History

Sultanate of Siak

While Sultan Abdul Djalil Alamuddin Syah moved the capital of the Kingdom of Siak from Mempurato Senapelan (which is now Pekanbaru) in 1605, this township used to be the settlement only for some people, especially the sultanate's family. However due to the development in trade sector and more people decided to settle in this township, thus the sultan wanted to make Senapelan become the center and specialized area in trade sector for the Kingdom of Siak. But the sultan's goal was not completely achieved, which thereafter he decided to move the capital once again, to Siak Sri Indrapura.

Dutch East Indies Company

In 1749, under the terms of a peace treaty between the Sultan of Johor and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) Siak was put under Dutch administration. The Sultan moved residence to a palace in Senapelan built in 1760.

At Senapelan Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Alamudin unsuccessfully tried to organize a major regional fair. In the early 1780s his son Sultan Muhammad Ali managed to establish the grand fair. Due to the important commercial value for Sumatra region and Malacca Strait for general, the settlement itself was renamed Pekanbaru by the local council of tribal elders (consist of Datuk Pesisir, Datuk Limapuluh, Datuk Tanah Datar and Datuk Kampar) on 23 June 1784. Thus, every June 23 is celebrated as the founding day of Pekanbaru city.

Dutch East Indies

Following the collapse of the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC), all company ownership of Pekanbaru was transferred to the Dutch crown. During the colonial Dutch East Indies era in the 19th and early 20th century the city remained important, especially as a major trading point: Siak river navigation conditions provide a stable relationship with shipping from the Malacca Strait. Additionally the city became a major center of the coffee industry and coal industry. The urban influence of the sultans gradually became more and more nominal, especially after the capital of the Sultanate moved to Sri Indrapura in 1830. Actual management functions were carried out by representatives of the Dutch colonial administration, i.e., by the post of assistant-resident and controller.

Second World War

During the Second World War from February 1942 to August 1945 the city was occupied by the armed forces of Japan. In an effort to strengthen the military and logistical infrastructure in this part of Sumatra, the Japanese launched the construction of a 220 km long railway, connecting Pekanbaru to the coast of Malacca Straits.

The Pekanbaru Railway was constructed under harsh conditions by forced labour. 6,500 Dutch, mostly Indo-Europeans, and British prisoners of war and over 100,000 Indonesian, mostly Javanese, forced workers called Romusha were put to work by the Japanese army. By the time the work was completed in August 1945 almost a third of the European POWs and over half of the Indonesian coolies had died. The railway was never fully utilised. Today it remains unused and in an advanced state of decay.^[3]

Politics

Since 1946, Pekanbaru has been governed by at least 15 mayors. The first mayor to rule this city was Datuk Wan Abdul Rahman who was elected on 17 May 1946. Currently, this city is governed by H. Firdaus S.T., M.T (appointed for the period of 2012-2017).

Reputation

Pekanbaru is one of the cleanest big cities in Indonesia.^[4] In 2011, Pekanbaru received the "Adipura" ('cleanest city') award in the category of large city for the seventh consecutive time.^[5] The city is notable for its wide main streets and large median road

However, Pekanbaru regularly suffers from haze problems due to forest fires, particularly in the dry season, since there is very little rain to put the fires out. Normally, the fires can be traced due to people simply burning their waste and due to the needs of oil palms plantations that make people have no choice but to burn all the trees and fields and most of the fires are intentionally started by some people but often unintentionally grow dangerous as well as developing more complicated problems, not only to surrounding the Riau Province regions but also towards countries like Malaysia and Singapore.

Demographics

Pekanbaru is the third most populous city on Sumatra Island, after Medan and Palembang with a population of 950,571 recorded in September 2013.^[6] The city is highly urbanized, drawing many of its people from the neighbouring province of West Sumatra. Since many centuries ago, Pekanbaru a one of the Minang rantau (migration) area. After World War II, Minangkabau migration to Pekanbaru surged, nearly doubling between the years 1943 and 1961. Many Minang in Pekanbaru had been there for generations and considered themselves as Malays.^[7] In addition to Minangkabau, the largest of city's population, the Riau Malays natives are the second, forming 26% of population. Javanese, Batak, and Tionghoa are the other main ethnic groups inhabiting Pekanbaru.

Religions

The pluralism surrounding the city can be reflected by the variety of religions and freedom of belief among the people in Pekanbaru. Islam is the majority religion in this city, followed by Christianity (Protestantism and Catholic) as well as Buddhism and small percentage of Hinduism and Confucianism. Each religion in this city is represented by the present of the worship place, such as The Great Mosque of An-Nur or Mesjid Agung An-nur and Mesjid Raya Pekanbaru for Muslim community, Gereja Santa Maria A Fatima Pekanbaru and HKBP Church or Gereja Huria Kristen Batak Protestan Pekanbaru for Catholic and Protestant community as well as Vihara Dharma Loka and Vihara Sasana Loka for Buddhist and Confucius community and Pura Agung Jagatnatha for Hindu community in Pekanbaru.

Languages

Bahasa Indonesia is the official language that is spoken by the citizens of Pekanbaru. For unofficial, Pekanbaru people are generally use Minangkabau language in their economic and daily activities, especially in the market area. In addition, Malay languages and Javanese which are widely spoken because of the great population of both ethnics in Pekanbaru. Hokkien is greatly spoken by Tionghoa as most of Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru are belong to Hokkien people. In fact, many Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru come from other regions in Riau such as Selat Panjang, Bengkalis and Siak, alongside with the Chinese Indonesian who are originally from Pekanbaru itself. Moreover, many Chinese Indonesian especially from North Sumatra, particularly Medan and West Sumatra regions have moved to Pekanbaru due to opportunities and rapid economical growth since the 1990s and 2000s.

Ethnicities of Pekanbaru - 2000 Census^[8]
ethnic group			percent
Minangkabau			37.96%
Malays			26.10%
Javanese			15.70%
Batak			11.06%
Chinese			2.50%

Religion in Pekanbaru - 2010 Census
religion			percent
Islam			84.80%
Protestantism			9.60%
Buddhism			3.46%
Catholicism			1.25%

File:An-Nur panorama.jpg

The Great Mosque of An-Nur

Subdistricts

The city is divided into 12 subdistricts.^[9]

Subdistricts	Capital
Bukit Raya	Simpang Tiga
Lima Puluh	Rinties
Marpoyan Damai	Tangkerang Tengah
Payung Sekaki	Labuh Baru Timur
Pekanbaru Kota	Tanah Tinggi
Sail	Cinta Raja
Senapelan	Padang Bulan
Sukajadi	Sukajadi
Rumbai	Sri Meranti
Rumbai Pesisir	Lembah Damai
Tampan	Sudomulyo Timur
Tenayan Raya	Kulim

Climate

Pekanbaru has a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification.^[10] As with many cities with a tropical rainforest climate, Pekanbaru features relatively constant temperatures throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures around 31 degrees Celsius and average lows of around 23 degrees Celsius. The city has no dry season month but does feature wetter and drier months. Its driest month (July) sees on average about 40% of the precipitation as its wettest month (November). Pekanbaru on average sees roughly 2600 mm of rain per year.

Climate data for Pekanbaru
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	30 (86)	31 (87)	31 (88)	31 (88)	32 (89)	32 (89)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (88)	31 (87)	30 (86)	31 (88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	23 (74)	23 (74)	23 (74)	23 (74)	24 (75)	23 (74)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (74)	23 (74)	23 (73)	23 (74)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	180 (7.1)	210 (8.3)	220 (8.7)	250 (9.8)	200 (7.9)	160 (6.3)	120 (4.7)	170 (6.7)	210 (8.3)	240 (9.4)	300 (11.8)	270 (10.6)	2,580 (101.6)
Source: http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=90169&refer=&units=metric

Economy

File:The Panorama of Pekanbaru.jpg

The Panorama of Pekanbaru

After oil was discovered in the region in the 1930s, Pekanbaru's economy has depended heavily on oil revenues which have made it the city with the highest per capita income in Indonesia.^{[citation needed]} Most of Indonesia's petroleum is produced in Riau, and much of Pekanbaru's economy is based on the petroleum industry. The international oil companies, prominently Chevron from US, as well as other Indonesian companies, have established their offices in the region. The city is connected by road to an oil refining and exporting port in Dumai. Many facilities and infrastructures, including airport, stadiums, housing areas, schools and several bridges that cross the Siak River in Pekanbaru as well as the roads in Rumbai area and the road to Dumai were partially and fully financed by oil companies in the area.

Pekanbaru is really close with some of the home of mega-company, such as PT Riau Andalan Pulp Paper, PT. Indah Kiat, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia, and PT Perkebunan Nusantara V and some wood-sawmill, CPOs, and rubber-processing company and interestingly Pekanbaru is often said as one of the city with the highest money and banking rotation in Indonesia.

As Pekanbaru is prominently known as a major gateway of Indonesia from Singapore and Malaysia, the city has become a favorite stop before travelers go further inland regions in Sumatra Island such as Padang and Jambi. The Pasar Pusat (Central Market) is a food-trip destination and is considered a household-goods trove. Pasar Bawah and Pasar Tengah, located near to the port and Siak Riverbank are particularly the places for selling Chinese goods, including ceramics and carpets.

In the other hand, there are many developments of shopping malls and shopping centers surrounding Pekanbaru area such as Plaza Senapelan, Plaza Citra, Plaza Sukaramai, Mal Pekanbaru, Mal SKA, Mal Ciputra Seraya, Lotte Mart, Metropolitan Trade Center, The Central, Ramayana and Giant Grocery Store. Additionally, there are a lot of housing areas have been developed since 2000's surrounding the city, particularly in Panam area whereby the housing project along the road has been tremendously established and now becoming one of the most populous area in Pekanbaru even though it is located not that close to the down town.

Favorably, there are several landmarks that have been built in this city, for example The Great Mosque of An-nur, Mesjid Raya Pekanbaru, Pasar Bawah or Tourist Market, Riau Bank Tower, Riau Government Office Tower, Zapin Dance Monument and many to come.

Transportation

There are several transportation mode in Pekanbaru such as taxi, bus, oplet (share taxi), bajaj (auto rickshaw), ojek (motorcycle taxi) and Trans Metro Pekanbaru (bus rapid transit). However due to the rapidly increasing numbers of motorized vehicles, the traffic congestion in some area in this city such as Jalan Sudirman, Jalan Riau and Jalan HR. Subrantas that mainly connect some populous sub-districts in the city cannot be avoided anymore particularly during weekend and holidays period. These problems surely initializes the government of Pekanbaru to come out with plans and breakthrough to cope the matters, especially within 10 to 15 years ahead.

Land

For land transport, Pekanbaru is connected to Padang, Medan, Jambi, Palembang, and other cities or regions in Riau Province and Sumatra Island by the existence of Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki Terminal Bus (Terminal AKAP). The terminal was officially open for public in 2007, replacing Pekanbaru's former "Mayang Terurai Terminal Bus" due to heavy congestion. However, practically the Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki Bus Terminal is not fully utilized by several prominent Bus Companies such as Pelangi, Makmur, Riau Mandiri and Sidomulyo as well as other bus operators because of the location which is deemed by some parties to be not as strategic as Mayang Terurai Terminal Bus. These matters surely make some bus companies have no choice but to drop off the passengers not in the designated zone. This non-formal drop-off zone is usually called by local people as terminal bayangan.

Rivers

Sungai Duku Port (Pelabuhan Sungai Duku) is located by the Siak River, connecting Pekanbaru with some regions in Riau Province and Riau Islands such as Siak, Tanjung Buton, Selatpanjang, Bengkalis and Batam. In the past, this port served direct ferry to Malacca in Malaysia which approximately takes 6-8 hours per trip, but unfortunately in the present the service was not continued anymore as several ferry companies decided to move their operations to Tanjung Buton.

Air

File:SSKII New Terminal Building.jpg

Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport

Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport serves flights in Pekanbaru from/and to several cities in Indonesia such as Batam, Medan, Tanjung Pinang, Bandung, Jakarta, Dumai, Yogyakarta, etc. and international flights to Malaysia (Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca) and Singapore. Several prominent domestic airlines serve the route from/and to Pekanbaru such as Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Batik Air, Tigerair Mandala, Indonesia Air Asia, Sriwijaya Air and Sky Aviation. The international flights are presently served by AirAsia, Firefly, SilkAir and Tigerair Mandala.

In 2012, the new terminal was opened and fully operated, replacing the old terminal that had been used since the 1980s. The old terminal is planned to be demolished in order to build more spaces for apron and more aircraft capacity. Even though the new terminal has been fully used, the aerobridge that were established since then in order to support the infrastrucutre of the new airport terminal have never been utilized as the apron expansion has not been completed yet after two years since the opening of the new terminal to the public in 2012. Thus, the airport company PT Angkasa Pura II in the present facilitates the flight passengers with shuttle bus from/and to the terminal temporarily until the aerobridge can be entirely used whereby it is planned to be completed in 2014.

Pekanbaru's airport is also utilized separately as the airbase of the TNI-AU (Indonesian Air Force) and homebase of the 12th Squadron, a shelter to some Hawk Mk.109s and Mk.209s. The airbase is named after the former head of Indonesian Air Force, Roesmin Nurjadin and formally called as Pangkalan Udara Roesmin Nurjadin or Roesmin Nurjadin Airbase.

Sport

File:PSPS Pekanbaru logo.png

PSPS Pekanbaru

File:Riau Main Stadium.JPG

Riau Main Stadium

Football is the most popular sport in Indonesia. In Pekanbaru, PSPS Pekanbaru is the local club that has been competing in Indonesian Super League since the 2000s. Kaharudin Nasution Sport Center Rumbai Stadium is the home stadium for PSPS Pekanbaru.

In 2012, 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification, 2012 Pekan Olahraga Nasional (Indonesian National Games) and 2012 Pekan Paralympic Nasional was held in Riau Province. Since then, many sport facilities have been built in Pekanbaru because this city was home for many sports venue during these multi-national events, such as the prominent Riau Main Stadium. Unfortunately, many sport facilities that have been developed before the 2012 Pekan Olahraga Nasional are not being managed and taken care properly, in example like Riau Main Stadium which is never utilized anymore after the event until today due to financial problem between the local government and the contractors of the stadium itself.

Several golf course can be found in Pekanbaru, such as Pekanbaru Golf Course Country Club at Kubang Kulim, Simpang Tiga Golf Course at AURI Complex, Rumbai Golf Course at IKSORA Rumbai Complex and Labersa Golf Course at Labersa Hotel and Convention Center.

Media

The TVRI Riau (state-owned) and Riau TV (private) are some of the popular local television stations in Pekanbaru. Several local newspapers are operating in Pekanbaru, such as Riau Pos, Haluan Riau, Tribun Pekanbaru, Pekanbaru Pos, Pekanbaru MX and Koran Riau.

Sister cities

Sister cities	Country
Malacca City	Malaysia
Kota Bharu	Malaysia
Zamboanga City	Philippines
Davao City	Philippines
Phuket	Thailand
Chongqing	China
Liuzhou	China
Quebec City	Canada
Suwon	South Korea
Fukushima City	Japan
Daegu	South Korea
San Jose, California	United States
Utrecht	Netherlands
Atlanta	United States
Da Nang	Vietnam
Batam	Indonesia
Bandung	Indonesia
Bandar Lampung	Indonesia

List of twin towns and sister cities in Indonesia

Photo gallery

Soeman HS Library, the largest provincial library in Sumatra Island
SKA Mall, one of the shopping mall in Pekanbaru
Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport of Pekanbaru

Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport of Pekanbaru
Tuanku Tambusai Street in Pekanbaru

References

^ www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru
^ www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru
^ Hovinga, Henk (2010). The Sumatra Railroad: Final Destination Pakan Baroe 1943-45. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 9789067183284.
^ Template:Id icon Presiden Berikan Penghargaan Kalpataru dan Piala Adipura
^ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/07/pekanbaru-get-7th-adipura-award.html
^ www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru
^ Andaya, B.W; The Unity of Southeast Asia: Historical approaches and questions, in Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1997.
^ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. ISBN 9812302123
^ http://www.wilayahindonesia.com/kabupaten-per-propinsi/kabupaten-di-riau/kota-pekanbaru/
^ Climate Summary for Pekanbaru

External links

Template:Link FA

[1] www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru

[2] www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru

[3] Hovinga, Henk (2010). The Sumatra Railroad: Final Destination Pakan Baroe 1943-45. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 9789067183284.

[4] Template:Id icon Presiden Berikan Penghargaan Kalpataru dan Piala Adipura

[5] ttp://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/07/pekanbaru-get-7th-adipura-award.html

[6] www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru

[7] Andaya, B.W; The Unity of Southeast Asia: Historical approaches and questions, in Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1997.

[8] Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. ISBN 9812302123

[9] ttp://www.wilayahindonesia.com/kabupaten-per-propinsi/kabupaten-di-riau/kota-pekanbaru/

[10] Climate Summary for Pekanbaru

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@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 |area_urban_km2         =
 |area_urban_sq_mi       =
-|area_metro_km2         = 41323.05
+|area_metro_km2         =
 |area_metro_sq_mi       =
-|population_as_of       = 2012
+|population_as_of       = 2013
 |population_note        =
-|population_total       = 1.1 million <ref>http://www.riaupos.co/berita.php?act=full&id=19378&kat=1</ref>
+|population_total       = 950,571 <ref>www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru</ref>
-|population_density_km2 = 2,041
+|population_density_km2 = 1,503
 |population_density_sq_mi =
-|population_metro       = 3452544
+|population_metro       =
-|population_density_metro_km2 = 835.5
+|population_density_metro_km2 =
 |population_density_metro_sq_mi =
 |population_urban       =
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 }}
-'''Pekanbaru''' ([[Jawi script|Jawi]]: '''ڤكنبارو''') is the capital of [[Riau]], a province in [[Indonesia]] on the island of [[Sumatra]]. It has an area of 632.26 km² with a population of 1.1 million,<ref>http://www.riaupos.co/berita.php?act=full&id=19378&kat=1</ref> making it Sumatra's fourth largest municipality, after [[Medan]], [[Palembang]], and [[Batam]].
+'''Pekanbaru''' ([[Jawi script|Jawi]]: '''ڤكنبارو''') is the capital of [[Riau]], a province in [[Indonesia]] on the island of [[Sumatra]]. It has an area of 632.26 km² with a population of 950,571,<ref>www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru</ref> making it Sumatra's third largest municipality, after [[Medan]] and [[Palembang]].
 It is located by the [[Siak River]], which drains to the [[Strait of Malacca]] that makes Pekanbaru has direct access to the busy strait and was long known as a trading port (the city name is derived from the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] words of 'new market' or 'new town', "pekan" meaning 'market' or 'town', and "baru" meaning 'new'). The city is divided into 12 [[Subdistricts of Indonesia|subdistricts]] (''kecamatan''). This city is served by the [[Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport]] and Sungai Duku Port that is located by the Siak River. A settlement has existed on the site since the 17th century. In the late 19th century, the city was developed to serve the coffee and coal industries, and the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] built roads to help ship goods to [[Singapore]] and [[Malacca]].
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 While Sultan Abdul Djalil Alamuddin Syah moved the capital of the Kingdom of Siak from ''Mempura''to ''Senapelan'' (which is now Pekanbaru) in 1605, this township used to be the settlement only for some people, especially the sultanate's family. However due to the development in trade sector and more people decided to settle in this township, thus the sultan wanted to make ''Senapelan'' become the center and specialized area in trade sector for the Kingdom of Siak. But the sultan's goal was not completely achieved, which thereafter he decided to move the capital once again, to [[Siak Sri Indrapura]].
+<!--
 ===Chinese and Arab Traders Flocked===
 In the year 1689, Chinese traders flocked and sailed to this township in the effort of trading with the local settlements. Moreover, Arab traders from Aceh and Malacca followed the Chinese to come to this township and settle in this area, particularly in the region where the famous market ''Pasar Bawah'' is located now, just right on the Siak riverbank. Once again, the township thrived to be a place for trading and the infrastructure surrounding the township was developed in order to support the trading sectors.
+-->
 ===Dutch East Indies Company===
@@ Line 104: / Line 106: @@
 ==Demographics==
-Pekanbaru is the third most populous city on Sumatra Island, after [[Medan]] and [[Palembang]] with a population of 1,290,902 recorded in 2012.<ref>http://www.riaupos.co/berita.php?act=full&id=19378&kat=1</ref> The city is highly urbanized, drawing many of its people from the neighbouring province of [[West Sumatra]]. In addition to [[Malays (ethnic group)|Riau Malays]] natives, the city has other ethnic groups. The [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] are the largest, forming 37.96% of population.<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Population Census 2000</ref> [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak]], and [[Chinese Indonesian|Tionghoa]] are the other main ethnic groups inhabiting Pekanbaru.
+Pekanbaru is the third most populous city on Sumatra Island, after [[Medan]] and [[Palembang]] with a population of 950,571 recorded in September 2013.<ref>www.antarariau.com [http://www.antarariau.com/berita/29370/pertambahan-penduduk-pekanbaru-5.300-jiwa-per-bulan.html Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru</ref> The city is highly urbanized, drawing many of its people from the neighbouring province of [[West Sumatra]]. Since many centuries ago, Pekanbaru a one of the Minang ''rantau'' (migration) area. After [[World War II]], Minangkabau migration to Pekanbaru surged, nearly doubling between the years 1943 and 1961. Many Minang in Pekanbaru had been there for generations and considered themselves as Malays.<ref>Andaya, B.W; The Unity of Southeast Asia: Historical approaches and questions, in Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1997.</ref> In addition to [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]], the largest of city's population, the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Riau Malays]] natives are the second, forming 26% of population. [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak]], and [[Chinese Indonesian|Tionghoa]] are the other main ethnic groups inhabiting Pekanbaru.
 ===Religions===
@@ Line 112: / Line 114: @@
 ===Languages===
-[[Bahasa Indonesia]] is the primary language that is spoken by the citizens of Pekanbaru. It is followed by the [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] and [[Malay language]]s which are widely spoken because of the great population of both ethnics in Pekanbaru. In addition, [[Hokkien]] is greatly spoken by [[Chinese Indonesian|Tionghoa]] as most of Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru are belong to [[Hokkien]] people. In fact, many Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru come from other regions in Riau such as [[Selat Panjang]], [[Bengkalis]] and [[Siak Regency|Siak]], alongside with the Chinese Indonesian who are originally from Pekanbaru itself. Moreover, many Chinese Indonesian especially from [[North Sumatra]], particularly Medan and [[West Sumatra]] regions have moved to Pekanbaru due to opportunities and rapid economical growth since the 1990s and 2000s.
+[[Bahasa Indonesia]] is the official language that is spoken by the citizens of Pekanbaru. For unofficial, Pekanbaru people are generally use [[Minangkabau language]] in their economic and daily activities, especially in the market area. In addition, [[Malay language]]s and [[Javanese language|Javanese]] which are widely spoken because of the great population of both ethnics in Pekanbaru. [[Hokkien]] is greatly spoken by [[Chinese Indonesian|Tionghoa]] as most of Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru are belong to [[Hokkien]] people. In fact, many Chinese Indonesian in Pekanbaru come from other regions in Riau such as [[Selat Panjang]], [[Bengkalis]] and [[Siak Regency|Siak]], alongside with the Chinese Indonesian who are originally from Pekanbaru itself. Moreover, many Chinese Indonesian especially from [[North Sumatra]], particularly Medan and [[West Sumatra]] regions have moved to Pekanbaru due to opportunities and rapid economical growth since the 1990s and 2000s.
+{{Bar box
-{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%"
+|title=Ethnicities of Pekanbaru - 2000 Census<ref>Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. ISBN 9812302123</ref>
-!colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" | Ethnic groups in Pekanbaru
+|titlebar=
-|-
+|left1=ethnic group
-! Ethnic
+|right1=percent
-! Census (%)
+|float=right
-|-----
+|bars=
-| [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] || align="center" |37.7
+{{Bar percent|[[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]]|Magenta|37.96}}
-|-----
+{{Bar percent|[[Ethnic Malays|Malays]]|DarkViolet|26.10}}
-| [[Malay people|Malay]] || align="center" |26.1
+{{Bar percent|[[Javanese people|Javanese]]|#89CFF0|15.70}}
-|-----
+{{Bar percent|[[Batak]]|Black|11.06}}
-| [[Javanese people|Javanese]] || align="center" |15.1
+{{Bar percent|[[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]|DarkGray|2.50}}
-|-----
+}}
-| [[Batak people|Batak]] || align="center" |10.8
-|-----
-| [[Chinese Indonesian|Tionghoa]] || align="center" |7.0
-|-----
-| Other || align="center" |3.3
-|-
-| colspan="2" | <small>Source: 2007 Census by Bappeda Pekanbaru</small>
-|}
 {{bar box
-|title=Religion in Pekanbaru - Indonesia 2010 Census
+|title=Religion in Pekanbaru - 2010 Census
 |titlebar=
 |left1=religion
@@ Line 142: / Line 137: @@
 |float=right
 |bars=
-{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|LimeGreen|85.49}}
+{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|LimeGreen|84.80}}
-{{bar percent|[[Protestantism]]|OrangeRed|9.68}}
+{{bar percent|[[Protestantism]]|OrangeRed|9.60}}
-{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Magenta|3.49}}
+{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Magenta|3.46}}
-{{bar percent|[[Catholicism]]|DarkViolet|1.27}}
+{{bar percent|[[Catholicism]]|DarkViolet|1.25}}
-{{bar percent|[[Confucianism]]|Gray|0.03}}
-{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DodgerBlue|0.03}}
 }}
 [[File:An-Nur panorama.jpg|thumb|700px|center|<center>The Great Mosque of An-Nur<center>]]
@@ Line 250: / Line 243: @@
 After oil was discovered in the region in the 1930s, Pekanbaru's economy has depended heavily on oil revenues which have made it the city with the highest per capita income in Indonesia.{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} Most of Indonesia's [[petroleum]] is produced in Riau, and much of Pekanbaru's economy is based on the [[petroleum industry]]. The international oil companies, prominently [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]] from US, as well as other Indonesian companies, have established their offices in the region. The city is connected by road to an oil refining and exporting port in [[Dumai]]. Many facilities and infrastructures, including airport, stadiums, housing areas, schools and several bridges that cross the Siak River in Pekanbaru as well as the roads in Rumbai area and the road to [[Dumai]] were partially and fully financed by oil companies in the area.
-Pekanbaru is really close with some of the home of mega-company, such as PT. Riau Andalan Pulp Paper, PT. Indah Kiat, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia, and PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V and some wood-sawmill, CPOs, and rubber-processing company and interestingly Pekanbaru is often said as one of the city with the highest money and banking rotation in Indonesia.
+Pekanbaru is really close with some of the home of mega-company, such as PT Riau Andalan Pulp Paper, PT. Indah Kiat, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia, and PT Perkebunan Nusantara V and some wood-sawmill, CPOs, and rubber-processing company and interestingly Pekanbaru is often said as one of the city with the highest money and banking rotation in Indonesia.
 As Pekanbaru is prominently known as a major gateway of Indonesia from Singapore and Malaysia, the city has become a favorite stop before travelers go further inland regions in Sumatra Island such as Padang and Jambi. The Pasar Pusat (Central Market) is a food-trip destination and is considered a household-goods trove. Pasar Bawah and Pasar Tengah, located near to the port and Siak Riverbank are particularly the places for selling Chinese goods, including ceramics and carpets.

v t e Regencies, cities, and islands of Riau
Capital: Pekanbaru
Regencies	Bengkalis Indragiri Hilir Indragiri Hulu Kampar Meranti Islands Kuantan Singingi Pelalawan Rokan Hulu Rokan Hilir Siak
Cities	Dumai Pekanbaru
Towns	Selatpanjang Bangkinang Bagansiapiapi Siak Sri Indrapura Teluk Kuantan Pangkalan Kerinci Rengat Tembilahan Pasirpengaraian
Islands	Basu Bengkalis Halang Niur Padang Rangsang Rupat Tebing Tinggi Island
See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia