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This is a list of the exoplanets that are more likely to have a rocky composition and maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 0.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 1.5 Earth radii or 0.1 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 5 Earth masses, and the planet is orbiting within the conservative habitable zone).
This is a list of the exoplanets that are more likely to have a rocky composition and maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 0.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 1.5 Earth radii or 0.1 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 5 Earth masses, and the planet is orbiting within the conservative habitable zone).
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Object ||Star||Star type||Planet type||Mass(M⊕)||Radius(R⊕)||Flux(F⊕)||Teq(K)||Period(Days)||Distance(Ly)||ESI||Ref
!Object ||Star||Star type||Mass(M⊕)||Radius(R⊕)||Flux(F⊕)||Period(Days)||Distance(Ly)||Ref
|-
|-
| [[Earth]] || [[Sun]] || {{StarG|G2V}} || warm terran || 1.00 || 1.00 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.00}} || 255 || 365.25 || - || {{ESIScore |esi=1.00}}
| [[Earth]] || [[Sun]] || {{StarG|G2V}} || 1.00 || 1.00 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.00}} || 365.25 || -
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 667 Cc]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} ||warm terran|| ≥3.8 || 1.1 - 1.5 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.88}} || 247 || 28.143 ± 0.029 || 23.62 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.84}} ||<ref name="ferozhobson2014">{{cite journal|title=Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets|author=Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P.|date=2014|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=437|issue=4|pages=3540–3549|arxiv=1307.6984|bibcode=2014MNRAS.437.3540F|doi = 10.1093/mnras/stt2148 }}</ref> <ref name="PHL">[http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog PHL's Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo]</ref>
| [[Gliese 667 Cc]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} || ≥3.8 || 1.1 - 1.5 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.88}} || 28.143 ± 0.029 || 23.62 ||<ref name="ferozhobson2014">{{cite journal|title=Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets|author=Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P.|date=2014|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=437|issue=4|pages=3540–3549|arxiv=1307.6984|bibcode=2014MNRAS.437.3540F|doi = 10.1093/mnras/stt2148 }}</ref> <ref name="PHL">[http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog PHL's Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo]</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-442b]] || [[Kepler-442]] || {{StarK|K}} ||warm terran|| 8.2 - 2.3 - 1.0 || 1.34 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.70}} || 233 || 112.3053 || 1291.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.84}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-442b]] || [[Kepler-442]] || {{StarK|K}} || 8.2 - 2.3 - 1.0 || 1.34 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.70}} || 112.3053 || 1291.6 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 667 Cf]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} ||warm terran|| ≥ 2.7 || 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.56}} || 221 || 39 || 23.62 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.77}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 667 Cf]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} || ≥ 2.7 || 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.56}} || 39 || 23.62 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Wolf 1061c]] || [[Wolf 1061]] || {{StarM|M3V}} ||warm terran|| ≥ 4.3 || 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || 223 || 17.9 || 13.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.76}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Wolf 1061c]] || [[Wolf 1061]] || {{StarM|M3V}} || ≥ 4.3 || 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || 17.9 || 13.8 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kapteyn b]] || [[Kapteyn's Star|Kapteyn]] || {{StarM|sdM1}} ||warm terran|| ≥ 4.8 || 1.2 - 1.6 - 2.1 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.43}} || 205 || 48.616 || 12.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.67}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kapteyn b]] || [[Kapteyn's Star|Kapteyn]] || {{StarM|sdM1}} || ≥ 4.8 || 1.2 - 1.6 - 2.1 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.43}} || 48.616 || 12.8 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-62f]] || [[Kepler-62]] || {{StarK|K2V}} ||warm terran|| 10.2 - 2.8 - 1.2 || 1.41 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.39}} || 201 || 267.291 || ~1200 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.67}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-62f]] || [[Kepler-62]] || {{StarK|K2V}} || 10.2 - 2.8 - 1.2 || 1.41 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.39}} || 267.291 || ~1200 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-186f]] || [[Kepler-186f]] || {{StarM|M1V}} ||warm terran|| 4.7 - 1.5 - 0.6 || 1.17 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.29}} || 188 || 129.9459 || ~1200 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.61}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-186f]] || [[Kepler-186f]] || {{StarM|M1V}} || 4.7 - 1.5 - 0.6 || 1.17 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.29}} || 129.9459 || ~1200 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 667 Ce]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} ||warm terran|| ≥ 2.7 || 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.30}} || 189 || 62.2 || 23.62 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 667 Ce]] || [[Gliese 667 C]] || {{StarM|M1.5V}} || ≥ 2.7 || 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.30}} || 62.2 || 23.62 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
|}
|}
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This is a list of the exoplanets that are less likely to have a rocky composition or maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 1.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 2.5 Earth radii or 5 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 10 Earth masses, or the planet is orbiting within the optimistic habitable zone).
This is a list of the exoplanets that are less likely to have a rocky composition or maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 1.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 2.5 Earth radii or 5 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 10 Earth masses, or the planet is orbiting within the optimistic habitable zone).
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Object ||Star||Star type||Planet type||Mass(M⊕)||Radius(R⊕)||Flux(F⊕)||Teq(K)||Period(Days)||Distance(Ly)||ESI||Ref
!Object ||Star||Star type||Mass(M⊕)||Radius(R⊕)||Flux(F⊕)||Period(Days)||Distance(Ly)||Ref
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-438b]] || [[Kepler-438]] || {{StarM|M}} || warm terran || 4.0 - 1.3 - 0.6 || 1.1 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.38}} || 276 || 35.2 || 473 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.88}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-438b]] || [[Kepler-438]] || {{StarM|M}} || 4.0 - 1.3 - 0.6 || 1.1 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.38}} || 35.2 || 473 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-296e]] || [[Kepler-296]] || {{StarM|M}} || warm terran || 12.5 - 3.3 - 1.4 || 1.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.22}} || 267 || 34.1 || 737 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.85}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-296e]] || [[Kepler-296]] || {{StarM|M}} || 12.5 - 3.3 - 1.4 || 1.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.22}} || 34.1 || 737 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-62e]] || [[Kepler-62]] || {{StarK|K}} || warm Superterran || 18.7 - 4.5 - 1.9 || 1.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.10}} || 261 || 122.4 || 1200 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.83}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-62e]] || [[Kepler-62]] || {{StarK|K}} || 18.7 - 4.5 - 1.9 || 1.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.10}} || 122.4 || 1200 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-452b]] || [[Kepler-452]] || {{StarG|G}} || warm Superterran || 19.8 - 4.7 - 1.9 || 1.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.11}} || 261 || 384.8 || 1402 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.83}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-452b]] || [[Kepler-452]] || {{StarG|G}} || 19.8 - 4.7 - 1.9 || 1.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.11}} || 384.8 || 1402 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 832 c]] || [[Gliese 832]] || {{StarM|M}} || warm Superterran || ≥ 5.4 || 1.2 - 1.7 - 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.00}} || 253 || 35.7 || 16 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.81}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 832 c]] || [[Gliese 832]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 5.4 || 1.2 - 1.7 - 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.00}} || 35.7 || 16 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[K2-3d]] || [[K2-3]] || {{StarM|M}} || warm terran || 11.1 || 1.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.46}} || 280 || 44.6 || 137 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.80}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[K2-3d]] || [[K2-3]] || {{StarM|M}} || 11.1 || 1.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.46}} || 44.6 || 137 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-283c]] || [[Kepler-283]] || {{StarK|K}} || warm Superterran || 35.3 - 7.0 - 2.8 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.90}} || 248 || 92.7 || 1741 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.79}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-283c]] || [[Kepler-283]] || {{StarK|K}} || 35.3 - 7.0 - 2.8 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.90}} || 92.7 || 1741 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Tau Ceti e]] || [[Tau Ceti]] || {{StarG|G}} || warm terran || ≥ 4.3 || 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.51}} || 282 || 168.1 || 12 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.78}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Tau Ceti e]] || [[Tau Ceti]] || {{StarG|G}} || ≥ 4.3 || 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.51}} || 168.1 || 12 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 180 c]] || [[Gliese 180]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 6.4 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.79}} || 239 || 24.3 || 38 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.77}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 180 c]] || [[Gliese 180]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 6.4 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.79}} || 24.3 || 38 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-440b]] || [[Kepler-440]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || 41.2 - 7.7 - 3.1 || 1.9 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.43}} || 273 || 101.1 || 851 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.75}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-440b]] || [[Kepler-440]] || {{StarK|K}} || 41.2 - 7.7 - 3.1 || 1.9 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.43}} || 101.1 || 851 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 180b]] || [[Gliese 180]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 8.3 || 1.3 - 1.9 - 2.4 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.23}} || 268 || 17.4 || 38 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.75}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 180b]] || [[Gliese 180]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 8.3 || 1.3 - 1.9 - 2.4 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.23}} || 17.4 || 38 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[HD 40307 g]] || [[HD 40307]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 7.1 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.68}} || 227 || 197.8 || 42 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.74}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[HD 40307 g]] || [[HD 40307]] || {{StarK|K}} || ≥ 7.1 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.68}} || 197.8 || 42 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 163 c]] || [[Gliese 163]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 7.3 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.66}} || 230 || 25.6 || 49 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.73}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 163 c]] || [[Gliese 163]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 7.3 || 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.66}} || 25.6 || 49 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[K2-18 b]] || [[K2-18]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 16.5 - 6.0 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.94}} || 251 || 32.9 || 111 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.73}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[K2-18 b]] || [[K2-18]] || {{StarM|M}} || ? - 16.5 - 6.0 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.94}} || 32.9 || 111 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-61b]] || [[Kepler-61]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 13.8 - 5.2 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.27}} || 267 || 59.9 || 1063 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.73}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-61b]] || [[Kepler-61]] || {{StarK|K}} || ? - 13.8 - 5.2 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.27}} || 59.9 || 1063 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-443b]] || [[Kepler-443]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 19.5 - 7.0 || 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.89}} || 247 || 177.7 || 2540 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.71}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-443b]] || [[Kepler-443]] || {{StarK|K}} || ? - 19.5 - 7.0 || 2.3 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.89}} || 177.7 || 2540 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-22 b]] || [[Kepler-22]] || {{StarG|G}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 20.4 - 7.2 || 2.4 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.11}} || 261 || 289.9 || 619 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.71}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-22 b]] || [[Kepler-22]] || {{StarG|G}} || ? - 20.4 - 7.2 || 2.4 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.11}} || 289.9 || 619 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 422 b]] || [[Gliese 422]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 9.9 || 1.4 - 2.0 - 2.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.68}} || 231 || 26.2 || 41 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.71}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 422 b]] || [[Gliese 422]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 9.9 || 1.4 - 2.0 - 2.6 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.68}} || 26.2 || 41 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[K2-9b]] || [[K2-9]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 16.8 - 6.1 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.38}} || 276 || 18.4 || 359 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.71}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[K2-9b]] || [[K2-9]] || {{StarM|M}} || ? - 16.8 - 6.1 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.38}} || 18.4 || 359 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 3293 c]] || [[Gliese 3293]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 8.6 || 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || 223 || 48.1 || 59 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.70}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 3293 c]] || [[Gliese 3293]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 8.6 || 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || 48.1 || 59 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-298d]] || [[Kepler-298]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 26.8 - 9.1 || 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.29}} || 271 || 77.5 || 1545 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.68}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-298d]] || [[Kepler-298]] || {{StarK|K}} || ? - 26.8 - 9.1 || 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=1.29}} || 77.5 || 1545 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-174 d]] || [[Kepler-174]] || {{StarK|K}} || Warm Superterran || ? - 14.8 - 5.5 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.43}} || 206 || 247.4 || 1174 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.61}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-174 d]] || [[Kepler-174]] || {{StarK|K}} || ? - 14.8 - 5.5 || 2.2 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.43}} || 247.4 || 1174 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Kepler-296f]] || [[Kepler-296]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || 28.7 - 6.1 - 2.5 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.34}} || 194 || 63.3 || 737 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.60}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Kepler-296f]] || [[Kepler-296]] || {{StarM|M}} || 28.7 - 6.1 - 2.5 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.34}} || 63.3 || 737 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[Gliese 682 c]] || [[Gliese 682]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || ≥ 8.7 || 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.37}} || 198 || 57.3 || 17 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.59}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[Gliese 682 c]] || [[Gliese 682]] || {{StarM|M}} || ≥ 8.7 || 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.37}} || 57.3 || 17 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
| [[KOI-4427 b]] || [[KOI-4427]] || {{StarM|M}} || Warm Superterran || 38.5 - 7.4 - 3.0 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.24}} || 179 || 147.7 || 782 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.52}} || <ref name="PHL"/>
| [[KOI-4427 b]] || [[KOI-4427]] || {{StarM|M}} || 38.5 - 7.4 - 3.0 || 1.8 || {{ESIScore |esi=0.24}} || 147.7 || 782 || <ref name="PHL"/>
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:13, 20 April 2016

For a more generic list, see List of exoplanets.

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets and possible exoplanets ranked by similarity with Earth using seven criteria. The list is based on methodology and estimations provided by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog, which is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1]

Potential habitable zone status

Main article: Habitable zone

In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ or sometimes "ecosphere", "liquid-water belt", "HZ", "life zone" or "Goldilocks zone") is the region around a star where a planet with sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid water on its surface.[2][3]

A potentially habitable planet implies a terrestrial planet within the CHZ and with conditions roughly comparable to those of Earth (i.e. an Earth analog) and thus potentially favourable to life.[original research?]

On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way,[4][5] 11 billion of which may be orbiting Sun-like stars.[6]

A review in 2015 came to the conclusion that the exoplanets Kepler-62f, Kepler-186f and Kepler-442b were likely the best candidates for being potentially habitable.[7] These are at a distance of 1200, 490 and 1,120 light-years away, respectively. Of these, Kepler-186f is similar in size to Earth with a 1.2-Earth-radius measure, and it is located towards the outer edge of the habitable zone around its red dwarf.

When looking at the nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates, Tau Ceti e is merely 11.9 light-years away. Its average surface temperature is estimated to be 68 °C (341 K; 154 °F).[8]

Notable exoplanets – Kepler Space Telescope
Confirmed small exoplanets in habitable zones.
(Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, Kepler-186f, Kepler-296e, Kepler-296f, Kepler-438b, Kepler-440b, Kepler-442b)
(Kepler Space Telescope; 6 January 2015).[9]
Notable exoplanets – Kepler Space Telescope
Comparison of small planets found by Kepler in the habitable zone of their host stars.

List from the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog

List of exoplanets in the conservative habitable zone

This is a list of the exoplanets that are more likely to have a rocky composition and maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 0.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 1.5 Earth radii or 0.1 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 5 Earth masses, and the planet is orbiting within the conservative habitable zone).

Object Star Star type Mass(M⊕) Radius(R⊕) Flux(F⊕) Period(Days) Distance(Ly) Ref
Earth Sun G2V 1.00 1.00 Template:ESIScore 365.25 -
Gliese 667 Cc Gliese 667 C M1.5V ≥3.8 1.1 - 1.5 - 2.0 Template:ESIScore 28.143 ± 0.029 23.62 [10] [11]
Kepler-442b Kepler-442 K 8.2 - 2.3 - 1.0 1.34 Template:ESIScore 112.3053 1291.6 [11]
Gliese 667 Cf Gliese 667 C M1.5V ≥ 2.7 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 Template:ESIScore 39 23.62 [11]
Wolf 1061c Wolf 1061 M3V ≥ 4.3 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 Template:ESIScore 17.9 13.8 [11]
Kapteyn b Kapteyn sdM1 ≥ 4.8 1.2 - 1.6 - 2.1 Template:ESIScore 48.616 12.8 [11]
Kepler-62f Kepler-62 K2V 10.2 - 2.8 - 1.2 1.41 Template:ESIScore 267.291 ~1200 [11]
Kepler-186f Kepler-186f M1V 4.7 - 1.5 - 0.6 1.17 Template:ESIScore 129.9459 ~1200 [11]
Gliese 667 Ce Gliese 667 C M1.5V ≥ 2.7 1.0 - 1.4 - 1.8 Template:ESIScore 62.2 23.62 [11]

List of exoplanets in the optimistic habitable zone

This is a list of the exoplanets that are less likely to have a rocky composition or maintain surface liquid water (i.e. 1.5 < Planet Radius ≤ 2.5 Earth radii or 5 < Planet Minimum Mass ≤ 10 Earth masses, or the planet is orbiting within the optimistic habitable zone).

Object Star Star type Mass(M⊕) Radius(R⊕) Flux(F⊕) Period(Days) Distance(Ly) Ref
Kepler-438b Kepler-438 M 4.0 - 1.3 - 0.6 1.1 Template:ESIScore 35.2 473 [11]
Kepler-296e Kepler-296 M 12.5 - 3.3 - 1.4 1.5 Template:ESIScore 34.1 737 [11]
Kepler-62e Kepler-62 K 18.7 - 4.5 - 1.9 1.6 Template:ESIScore 122.4 1200 [11]
Kepler-452b Kepler-452 G 19.8 - 4.7 - 1.9 1.6 Template:ESIScore 384.8 1402 [11]
Gliese 832 c Gliese 832 M ≥ 5.4 1.2 - 1.7 - 2.2 Template:ESIScore 35.7 16 [11]
K2-3d K2-3 M 11.1 1.5 Template:ESIScore 44.6 137 [11]
Kepler-283c Kepler-283 K 35.3 - 7.0 - 2.8 1.8 Template:ESIScore 92.7 1741 [11]
Tau Ceti e Tau Ceti G ≥ 4.3 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.0 Template:ESIScore 168.1 12 [11]
Gliese 180 c Gliese 180 M ≥ 6.4 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 Template:ESIScore 24.3 38 [11]
Kepler-440b Kepler-440 K 41.2 - 7.7 - 3.1 1.9 Template:ESIScore 101.1 851 [11]
Gliese 180b Gliese 180 M ≥ 8.3 1.3 - 1.9 - 2.4 Template:ESIScore 17.4 38 [11]
HD 40307 g HD 40307 K ≥ 7.1 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 Template:ESIScore 197.8 42 [11]
Gliese 163 c Gliese 163 M ≥ 7.3 1.3 - 1.8 - 2.3 Template:ESIScore 25.6 49 [11]
K2-18 b K2-18 M ? - 16.5 - 6.0 2.2 Template:ESIScore 32.9 111 [11]
Kepler-61b Kepler-61 K ? - 13.8 - 5.2 2.2 Template:ESIScore 59.9 1063 [11]
Kepler-443b Kepler-443 K ? - 19.5 - 7.0 2.3 Template:ESIScore 177.7 2540 [11]
Kepler-22 b Kepler-22 G ? - 20.4 - 7.2 2.4 Template:ESIScore 289.9 619 [11]
Gliese 422 b Gliese 422 M ≥ 9.9 1.4 - 2.0 - 2.6 Template:ESIScore 26.2 41 [11]
K2-9b K2-9 M ? - 16.8 - 6.1 2.2 Template:ESIScore 18.4 359 [11]
Gliese 3293 c Gliese 3293 M ≥ 8.6 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 Template:ESIScore 48.1 59 [11]
Kepler-298d Kepler-298 K ? - 26.8 - 9.1 2.5 Template:ESIScore 77.5 1545 [11]
Kepler-174 d Kepler-174 K ? - 14.8 - 5.5 2.2 Template:ESIScore 247.4 1174 [11]
Kepler-296f Kepler-296 M 28.7 - 6.1 - 2.5 1.8 Template:ESIScore 63.3 737 [11]
Gliese 682 c Gliese 682 M ≥ 8.7 1.4 - 1.9 - 2.5 Template:ESIScore 57.3 17 [11]
KOI-4427 b KOI-4427 M 38.5 - 7.4 - 3.0 1.8 Template:ESIScore 147.7 782 [11]

Previous candidates

HD 85512 b was initially found to be potentially habitable,[12][13] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[14][15] and it is now considered non-habitable.[11] Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially believed to be potentially habitable,[16] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[17] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[11]

Similarly, Tau Ceti f was initially considered potentially habitable,[18] but the improved model of the circumstellar habitable zone places the planet exterior to the outer limits of habitability, so it is now considered non-habitable.[11]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered even the single-most potentially habitable exoplanet after its discovery in 2011, until it was proved a false positive by NASA in 2015.[19]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Habitable Exoplanets Catalog". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  2. ^ "VPL Glossary". washington.edu.
  3. ^ "The Goldilocks Zone". NASA. 2 October 2003.
  4. ^ Overbye, Dennis (4 November 2013). "Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy". New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  5. ^ Petigura, Erik A.; et al. (31 October 2013). "Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. arXiv:1311.6806. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019273P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319909110. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  6. ^ Khan, Amina (4 November 2013). "Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  7. ^ Paul Gilster, Andrew LePage (30 January 2015). "A Review of the Best Habitable Planet Candidates". Centauri Dreams, Tau Zero Foundation. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  8. ^ Giovanni F. Bignami (2015). The Mystery of the Seven Spheres: How Homo sapiens will Conquer Space. Springer. ISBN 9783319170046., Page 110
  9. ^ Clavin, Whitney; et al. (6 January 2015). "NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  10. ^ Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P. (2014). "Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (4): 3540–3549. arXiv:1307.6984. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.3540F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2148.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj PHL's Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
  12. ^ Kaltenegger, L.; et al. (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?". arXiv:1108.3561. Bibcode:2011arXiv1108.3561K. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ Mendez, Abel (1 August 2012). "Five Potential Habitable Exoplanets Now" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  14. ^ Kopparapu, Ravi kumar; et al. (2013). "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates". arXiv:1301.6674. Bibcode:2013ApJ...765..131K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ Mendez, Abel (29 January 2013). "A New Habitable Zone" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  16. ^ Barclay, Thomas; et al. (2013). "A super-Earth-sized planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone around Sun-like star". arXiv:1304.4941. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ Kane, Stephen R.; et al. (2013). "A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System". arXiv:1305.2933. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770L..20K. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ Mendez, Abel (28 December 2012). "Two Nearby Habitable Worlds?" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  19. ^ "Kepler Candidate Overview Page: KOI-1686.01". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
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