Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law: Difference between revisions
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*[[Matt Ferguson]], President and CEO of [[Careerbuilder.com]]<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/careerbuildercom-names-matt-ferguson-president-72559942.html Matt Ferguson]</ref> |
*[[Matt Ferguson]], President and CEO of [[Careerbuilder.com]]<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/careerbuildercom-names-matt-ferguson-president-72559942.html Matt Ferguson]</ref> |
||
*[[Elbert Henry Gary]], co-founder, president, and chairman of [[United States Steel Corporation]]; namesake of Gary, Indiana<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Elbert_Henry_Gary.aspx#2 Elbert Henry Gary]</ref> |
*[[Elbert Henry Gary]], co-founder, president, and chairman of [[United States Steel Corporation]]; namesake of Gary, Indiana<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Elbert_Henry_Gary.aspx#2 Elbert Henry Gary]</ref> |
||
*[[Michael Goodkin]], Quantitative finance entrepreneur, founder of Arbitrage Management Company |
*[[Michael Goodkin]], Quantitative finance entrepreneur, founder of Arbitrage Management Company ("AMC")<ref>[http://www.ebooklibrary.org/articles/eng/Michael_Goodkin Michael Goodkine, ''World Heritage Encyclopedia'']</ref> |
||
*[[Randy Kaplan]], Founder of [[Akamai Technologies]]<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=60356501&privcapId=24522 Randy Kaplan]</ref> |
*[[Randy Kaplan]], Founder of [[Akamai Technologies]]<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=60356501&privcapId=24522 Randy Kaplan]</ref> |
||
*[[Marc J. Lane]], Founder of The Marc J. Lane Wealth Group |
*[[Marc J. Lane]], Founder of The Marc J. Lane Wealth Group |
Revision as of 16:17, 16 September 2016
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law | |
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Motto | Quaecumque sunt vera (Latin) Ὁ Λόγος πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας - Ho logos pleres charitos kai aletheias (Greek) |
Established | 1859 |
School type | Private |
Parent endowment | US $10.19 billion |
Dean | Daniel B. Rodriguez, Harold Washington Professor |
Location | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 41°53′47″N 87°37′03″W / 41.8963°N 87.6174°W |
Enrollment | 658[1] |
Faculty | 190[1] |
USNWR ranking | 12[1] |
Bar pass rate | 98.96%[1] |
Website | law |
ABA profile | Northwestern Law Profile |
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Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law[2] is a private American law school in Chicago, Illinois. Located in the North Side's Streeterville, it is one of the twelve constituent schools of Northwestern University. The law school was founded in 1859 as the Union College of Law of the Old University of Chicago.[3] The first law school established in Chicago, it became jointly controlled by Northwestern University in 1873 and fully incorporated into Northwestern in 1891. Northwestern Law is a member of the "T-14" law schools, a prestigious group of 14 schools that enjoy national recognition.[4] The law school was ranked 12th by the 2017 Edition of US News & World Report guide to the nation's top law schools.[1]
According to Northwestern's 2016 ABA-required disclosures, 91% of the Class of 2015 obtained full-time, long-term employment nine months after graduation.[5]
Campus
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Northwestern_Law_Rubloff_Building.jpg/400px-Northwestern_Law_Rubloff_Building.jpg)
Northwestern Law is located on Northwestern University's downtown campus in Chicago's Streeterville/Gold Coast neighborhood. The law school is on Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, adjacent to Lake Shore Park and Lake Michigan. It is a few blocks from the John Hancock Center, Magnificent Mile, Water Tower, Oak Street Beach, and Navy Pier.
Admissions
Admission to Northwestern Law is extremely competitive. For the class entering in the fall of 2016, 821 out of 4,070 applicants (20%) were offered admission, with 213 matriculating.[6] The 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2016 entering class were 164 and 171, respectively, with a median of 170.[6] The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.56 and 3.84, respectively, with a median of 3.77.[6]
The law school’s practical philosophy is manifested in a strong preference for applicants with at least two years of work experience. Approximately 90% of the school's students enter with at least one year of full-time work experience; 70% possess more than two years of experience.[7] In this respect, Northwestern Law is similar to many business schools.
Employment
According to U.S. News & World Report's 2017 Edition, 79% of the law school's 2016 graduates obtained prospective, full-time employment prior to graduation, with a median starting salary of $160,000.[1] According to Northwestern's official 2016 ABA-required disclosures, 91% of the Class of 2015 obtained full-time, long-term employment nine months after graduation.[5] Northwestern's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 8.8%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.[8]
Costs
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Magnificent_Mile_in_Chicago.jpg/400px-Magnificent_Mile_in_Chicago.jpg)
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, living expenses, books, and other miscellaneous expenses) at Northwestern Law for the 2015-2016 academic year is $79,904.[1] The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $292,586.[9]
Category | Per Annum |
---|---|
Tuition and Fees | $58,398 |
Room and board | $14,040 |
Books | $1,418 |
Miscellaneous expenses | $6,048 |
Total | $79,904 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Northwestern_Law_Levy_Mayer_Hall.jpg/200px-Northwestern_Law_Levy_Mayer_Hall.jpg)
Journals
The law school sponsors six student-run scholarly legal journals. Student staff members are selected based on a writing competition, editing competition, and first-year grades, or a publishable note or comment on a legal topic.[10]
Northwestern University Law Review
The Northwestern University Law Review was first published in 1906 when it was called the "Illinois Law Review." Prior editors include: Roscoe Pound, long-time dean of Harvard Law School; Judge Robert A. Sprecher of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit; US Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens; Dean James A. Rahl; Illinois Governor Daniel Walker; and former chairman of the Federal Communications Commission Newton N. Minow; US Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg and Presidential Candidate Adlai Stevenson.
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property addresses subjects relating to law at the intersection of technology and intellectual property, including law and biotechnology, copyrights, the Internet, media, patents, telecommunications, and trademarks.
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
The School states that its Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology "is one of the most widely read and widely cited publications in the world".[11] It is the second most widely subscribed journal published by any law school in the country.[11] It is one of the most widely circulated law journals in the country.[11] The journal was founded in 1910 by Dean John Henry Wigmore.[12]
Journal of Law and Social Policy
The Journal of Law and Social Policy is an interdisciplinary journal that explores the impact of the law on different aspects of society. Topics covered include race, gender, sexual orientation, housing, immigration, health care, juvenile justice, voting rights, family law, civil rights, poverty, the environment, and privacy rights.[13]
Journal of International Law and Business
The Journal of International Law and Business has a substantive focus on private international law, as opposed to public international law or human rights. It seeks scholarship analyzing transnational and international legal problems and their effect on private entities. The Journal's stated goal is to promote an understanding of the future course of international legal developments as they relate to private entities.[14]
Journal of Human Rights
The Journal of Human Rights is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to providing a dynamic forum for the discussion of human rights issues and law.[15] The Journal seeks contributions from professionals, scholars, and experienced field workers of every background, including but not limited to law, business, political science, public policy, economics, sociology, religion, and international relations. In addition to publication, the Journal seeks to promote the discussion of human rights law by organizing semi-annual Symposia and a Speaker Series. The Journal of Human Rights was founded in 2003 as the Journal of International Human Rights, but adopted its present name in 2016 to better reflect its focus.
Pritzker Legal Research Center
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Northwestern_Law_Pritzker_Library.jpg/350px-Northwestern_Law_Pritzker_Library.jpg)
The Pritzker Legal Research Center fulfills the research and information needs of the faculty and students of Northwestern Law. The Center is named after the Pritzker family, the Chicago family that is known for its international philanthropy. Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999) graduated from Northwestern University in 1941 and Northwestern University School of Law in 1947.
Bluhm Legal Clinic
Clinical education at Northwestern began in 1910 when Dean John Henry Wigmore developed a program with the Chicago Legal Aid Society that evolved into the Bluhm Legal Clinic. The clinic opened its doors in 1969 with two staff attorneys and 12 students. Today, more than 20 clinical professors mentor over 120 students who take clinical courses each year. Each center within the Clinic operates as a quasi-law firm, wherein students assist clients with practical legal matters under the tutelage of full-time faculty from the School.
Center on Wrongful Convictions
The Center on Wrongful Convictions[17] is dedicated to identifying and rectifying wrongful convictions and other serious miscarriages of justice.
The Center includes faculty, staff, cooperating outside attorneys, and Bluhm Legal Clinic students investigate possible wrongful convictions and represent imprisoned clients with claims of actual innocence. The Center also focuses on identifying systemic problems in the criminal justice system and, together with the community services component, on developing initiatives designed to raise public awareness of the prevalence, causes, and social costs of wrongful convictions and promote reform of the criminal justice system. In addition, the community services component helps exonerated former prisoners cope with the difficult process of reintegration into free society.
The Supreme Court Clinic
Northwestern offers a Supreme Court Clinic, allowing second- and third-year students the opportunity to work on cases pending before the Supreme Court of the United States. The clinic is run by Carter Phillips, from Sidley Austin's Washington, D.C. office.
Federal Appellate Clinic
The Federal Appellate Clinic[18] allows third-year students to obtain provisional law licenses and argue cases before the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Students in this clinic spend an entire year representing a criminal appellant, from merits briefing to oral argument. The Federal Appellate Clinic is run by Northwestern Clinical Professor and former Seventh Circuit law clerk Sarah Schrup.
Children and Family Justice Center
The Children and Family Justice Center, directed by Julie Biehl, was founded in 1992.[citation needed] Attorneys, a social worker, and affiliated professionals help second- and third-year law students meet with clients, research legal issues, and learn pretrial investigation, interviewing, and counseling skills and litigate cases. The Center represents young people on matters of delinquency and crime, family violence, school discipline, health and disability, and immigration and asylum.
MacArthur Justice Center
The MacArthur Justice Center, led by Profs. Locke E. Bowman and Joseph Margulies, does work on police misconduct, wrongful detention compensation, post-9/11 work, and other public interest and civil rights issues. Of particular note is the Guantanamo Bay detainee representation led by Joseph Margulies, author of Guantanamo and the Abuse of Presidential Power and lead counsel in Rasul v. Bush.
Entrepreneurship Law Center
The Law School's Entrepreneurship Law Center (ELC),[19] originally founded as the Small Business Opportunity Center (SBOC), is a transactional clinic that was founded in 1998. Clients include technology executives, consultants, inventors, manufacturers and sellers of consumer products, musical groups, and persons interested in establishing nonprofit organizations.
The Center is also heavily involved in teaching in the field of entrepreneurship law, and hosts symposia and conferences to facilitate that endeavor.
Center for International Human Rights
The Center for International Human Rights works to advance human rights while enabling students to test and refine their academic learning in real cases. Stressing a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, the center provides policy perspectives to the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the U.S. Department of State, foreign governments, and nongovernmental organizations.
Faculty, staff, and students, as well as volunteer lawyers, visiting fellows, and interns carry out research, public and professional education, technical assistance, and advocacy of pressing international issues.
The center also offers students an opportunity to earn an LLM in Human Rights. The degree program is designed for students from transitional democracies and for those with career interests in international human rights law.
Over the years faculty and staff working in the center have addressed, among other matters, the role of the International Criminal Court, international terrorism, U.S. death penalty laws, truth commissions, economic rights, NATO's humanitarian intervention, and political asylum cases. Students have investigated cases and had summer internships in Guatemala, Indonesia, and at the U.N. Human Rights Centre in Geneva.
Investor Protection Center
Northwestern Law's Investor Protection Center provides assistance to investors with limited income or small dollar claims who are unable to obtain legal representation. Law students, under the supervision of faculty attorneys, represent customers in handling their disputes with broker-dealers.
During the last few years, the (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority)(FINRA) and other organizations have taken steps to make more information and services available to investors. Northwestern Law's Investor Protection Center operates with the aid of grants from the FINRA Investor Education Foundation and other organizations to focus on priority areas. In particular, the center is focused on helping to meet the needs of women, novice investors, and the elderly, in connection with securities arbitration.
Fred Bartlit Center for Trial Advocacy
Named in honor of an innovative leader[20] in litigation and business strategies, the Fred Bartlit Center for Trial Advocacy was established in 1999 to conduct research and teach innovative and technologically advanced trial strategy. The Bartlit Center focuses on changes in trial craft brought on by new technologies and compensation approaches.
The Bartlit Center sponsors and conducts academic research on the litigation process; support teaching skills in the JD program; and holds national conferences to explore and teach innovative trial and trial management strategies. The Bartlit Center works to complement the Law School's program in simulation-based teaching of trial skills and builds on the research produced by Northwestern Law faculty.
Buildings gallery
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Atrium inside Rubloff Building
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McCormick Hall
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Lincoln Hall
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Rubloff Hall
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Thorne Auditorium
Rankings and honors
The 2016 edition of U.S. News & World Report Best Grad Schools[21] ranked Northwestern Law:
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Leiter’s Law School Rankings placed the law school:
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The Princeton Review most recently[23] placed the law school:
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Judging the Law Schools (2009)[24] ranked the law school:
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The 2010 National Law Journal "Go-To Schools" list [25] ranked Northwestern Law:
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Notable faculty
The 2016 student/faculty ratio was 6.5 to 1.[1]
Notable Northwestern Law faculty, past and present, include:
- David E. Van Zandt, former dean of Northwestern University School of Law
- Steven Calabresi, constitutional scholar and Founder and Chairman of the Federalist Society
- Andrew Koppelman, noted legal scholar on same-sex marriage
- Leon Green, former dean; renowned for pioneering work in the law of torts, especially causation and injuries to relations
- Charles T. McCormick, expert on evidence, damages, and federal court procedure; writings include the classic hornbooks, Handbook on the Law of Damages (1935) and Handbook on the Law of Evidence (1954).
- John O. McGinnis, renowned expert on trade law and one of nation's leading scholars in the field of Constitutional Law.
- Dawn Clark Netsch, prominent member of the Democratic Party and the first woman to be nominated by a major political party to run for Governor of Illinois.
- James E. Pfander, renowned civil procedure, federal courts, and constitutional law scholar
- Roscoe Pound, former dean of Harvard Law School, founder of the movement for "sociological jurisprudence"
- Martin Redish, civil procedure and constitutional law scholar
- David S. Ruder, former Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission
- David Scheffer, international law and war crimes expert who served as the first United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues
- Charles Taylor, internationally renowned political philosopher, Royal Society of Canada fellow, British Academy fellow, member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences
- John Henry Wigmore, the "father of modern evidence" and author of Treatise on Evidence
Popular media
- The Chicago Code was substantially filmed on the Northwestern Law campus in Chicago.[26] This television drama premiered on Fox on February 7, 2011.[27] Filming at Northwestern Law began in August 2010.[26] Classrooms in the Law School are depicted as interior offices for the fictional offices for City administration. Levy Mayer 212 served as the main taping location at the Law School.[26]
- In The Judge, Robert Downey Jr. plays the role of a Chicago defense attorney who is a Northwestern Law graduate.
Alumni
Selected prominent Northwestern Law alumni include:
Government / politics
- Simeon R. Acoba, Jr., Hawaii Supreme Court Justice[28]
- George Wildman Ball (1933), former Undersecretary of State, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations[29]
- Richard Ben-Veniste, Chief of the Watergate Special Prosecutor's Office Watergate Task Force[30]
- Dalveer Bhandari, Judge at the International Court of Justice, 2012–present[31]
- Judy Biggert (J.D. 1963), U.S. Representative, 1999–2013[32]
- William Jennings Bryan, former U.S. Secretary of State and three-time Democratic Nominee for President[33]
- Dale Bumpers, former Governor of Arkansas and U.S. Senator for Arkansas[34]
- Ruben Castillo, Chief U.S. District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois[35]
- Salem J. Chalabi, First General Director of the Iraqi Special Tribunal to try Saddam Hussein[36]
- Dennis Daugaard, Governor of South Dakota[37]
- Richard Devine, Cook County Former State's Attorney[38]
- Edward Dunne, Former Governor of Illinois, Former Mayor of Chicago[39]
- Carl R. Feld, Wisconsin State Assembly[40]
- Arthur Goldberg, former United States Supreme Court Justice, U.S. Secretary of Labor, and Ambassador to the United Nations[41]
- Jim Jones, Chief Justice of the Idaho Supreme Court[42]
- Ada Kepley, first American woman to obtain a law degree (1870)[43]
- Roberto A. Lange, U.S. District Judge for the United States District Court for the District of South Dakota[44]
- Joan H. Lefkow, U.S. District judge for United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois[45]
- Wendy E. Long, Law clerk for US Court of Appeals Judge Ralph Winter and Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas[46]
- Frank Orren Lowden, Former Governor of Illinois, third-place finisher in the 1920 Republican party convention, second-place finisher in the 1928 convention[47]
- J. Curtis McKay, Wisconsin State Assembly[48]
- Albert E. Mead, former Governor of Washington[49]
- Newton Minow, former Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission[50]
- Dawn Clark Netsch, first woman to be elected to a constitutional office in Illinois[51]
- Roy L. Pearson Jr., former administrative law judge in the District of Columbia[52] and winner of the Stella Awards[53] for the case Pearson v. Chung
- Graham T. Perry, second African-American elected for assistant attorney general for the State of Illinois[54]
- Pat Quinn, former Governor of Illinois[55]
- Tom Railsback, former United States Representative[56]
- Henry T. Rainey, 45th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives[57]
- José Abad Santos, 5th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines[58]
- Jerry Springer, former Mayor of Cincinnati, television talk show host[59]
- Seymour Stedman, former shepherd with only three years of education, admitted while working as a janitor; Socialist Party of America nominee for Vice-President of the United States (and for Mayor of Chicago)[60]
- Halvor Steenerson, former U.S. Representative[61]
- John Paul Stevens, United States Supreme Court Justice[62]
- Adlai Stevenson, former Governor of Illinois, two-time Democratic Nominee for President, and Ambassador to the United Nations[63]
- Richard Tallman, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Judge[64]
- Charles M. Thomson, former U.S. Representative[65]
- Jim Thompson, former Governor of Illinois[66]
- Daniel Walker, former Governor of Illinois[67]
- Harold Washington, first black Mayor of Chicago (1983–87), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives[68]
- Richard E. Wiley, former Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission[69]
Academia
- Raoul Berger, one of America 's foremost legal historians, former Senior Fellow in American Legal History at Harvard University and author of Government by Judiciary: The Transformation of the Fourteenth Amendment[70]
- George Burditt, adjunct member of the faculty[71]
- G. Marcus Cole, Professor of Law, Helen L. Crocker Faculty Scholar, and Associate Dean for Curriculum, Stanford Law School[72]
- Thomas F. Geraghty, Associate Dean for Clinical Education; Professor of Law; Director, Bluhm Legal Clinic, Northwestern University School of Law[73]
- Charles P. Kindregan, Jr., expert in assisted reproduction law, Professor at Suffolk University Law School[74]
- Jonathan Turley, J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor of Public Interest Law, The George Washington University Law School[75]
For-profit / Non-profit organizations
- Eddie Einhorn, Owner of the Chicago White Sox[76]
- Matt Ferguson, President and CEO of Careerbuilder.com[77]
- Elbert Henry Gary, co-founder, president, and chairman of United States Steel Corporation; namesake of Gary, Indiana[78]
- Michael Goodkin, Quantitative finance entrepreneur, founder of Arbitrage Management Company ("AMC")[79]
- Randy Kaplan, Founder of Akamai Technologies[80]
- Marc J. Lane, Founder of The Marc J. Lane Wealth Group
- Kenesaw Mountain Landis, first Commissioner of Major League Baseball, for U.S. District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois[81]
- Robert R. McCormick, Owner of the Chicago Tribune[82] and founder of the white-shoe law firm Kirkland & Ellis[83]
- Morgan E. O'Brien, co-founder and former chairman of Nextel[84]
- J.B. Pritzker, Managing Partner of Pritzker Group Venture Capital[85]
- Jay A. Pritzker, Co-founder Hyatt Hotels Corporation[86]
- Frank C. Rathje, Founder of the Mutual National Bank of Chicago and President of the American Bankers Association[87]
- Jerry Reinsdorf, Owner of the Chicago White Sox and Chicago Bulls[88]
- Mark Walter, Founder and CEO of Guggenheim Partners and Chairman of Los Angeles Dodgers[89]
- Andrew Stroth, President of Impact Talent Associates[90]
Firsts
- Salem J. Chalabi, first General Director of the Iraqi Special Tribunal to try Saddam Hussein[91]
- Ada Kepley, first woman in the United States to graduate from a law school[92]
- Kenesaw Mountain Landis, first Commissioner of Major League Baseball, for U.S. District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois[93]
- Dawn Clark Netsch, first woman to be elected to a constitutional office in Illinois[94]
- Harold Washington, first black Mayor of Chicago (1983–87), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives[95]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i U.S. News & World Report 2017 Edition
- ^ "Northwestern Pritzker School of Law Logo and Identity".
- ^ "Celebrating 150 Years", Northwestern University School of Law, accessed November 1, 2010.
- ^ "Best Law Schools. Ranked in 2012", U.S.News & World Report, accessed April 10, 2012.
- ^ a b "Employment Statistics" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d U.S. News & World Report 2017 Premium Edition
- ^ Northwestern Law Admissions, accessed 2013-06-14.
- ^ "Northwestern University Profile".
- ^ "Northwestern University Profile".
- ^ Northwestern Law Journals
- ^ a b c TLS Profile on Northwestern Law
- ^ Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Northwestern University
- ^ Journal of Law and Social Policy, Northwestern University
- ^ Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, Northwestern University
- ^ Journal of Human Rights, Northwestern University
- ^ U.S. News & World Report LP
- ^ Center on Wrongful Convictions, Bluhm Legal Clinic
- ^ http://www.law.northwestern.edu/legalclinic/appellate/
- ^ http://www.law.northwestern.edu/legalclinic/elc/
- ^ Bartlit Center for Trial Advocacy
- ^ http://pdfserver.amlaw.com/ca/USNews.pdf U.S. News & World Report 2016 Top Law School Rankings
- ^ "Top 20 Law School Endowments", Leiter Law School, accessed September 25, 2006.
- ^ "The Best 172 Law Schools", The Princeton Review, 2011.
- ^ "10th Annual Judging the Law Schools is Released", Judging the Law Schools, 2009 edition, accessed May 2, 2009.
- ^ http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202443758843&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1
- ^ a b c "Lights, Camera, Action! New Police Drama Filmed at Northwestern Law", E-Briefs: November 2010, Northwestern University School of Law, accessed December 1, 2010.
- ^ Seidman, Robert (November 3, 2010). "'The Chicago Code' (FKA 'Ride Along') Premieres Night After Super Bowl XLV, Monday, February 7". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ Associate Justice Simeon R. Acoba Jr.
- ^ George Ball
- ^ Richard Ben-Veniste
- ^ The Honorable Dalveer Bhandari
- ^ Judy Biggert
- ^ William Jennings Bryan
- ^ Dale Bumpers
- ^ Chief Judge Ruben Castillo
- ^ Salem J. Chalabi
- ^ Dennis Daugaard
- ^ Richard A. Devine
- ^ Edward F. Dunne
- ^ State of Wisconsin Blue Book, Volume 1887
- ^ Justice Arthur Goldberg
- ^ Chief Justice Jim Jones
- ^ Ada Kepley
- ^ The Honorable Roberto A. Lange
- ^ The Honorable Joan H. Lefkow
- ^ Wendy E. Long
- ^ Frank Orren Lowden
- ^ J. Curtis McKay
- ^ "Washington Governor Albert E. Mead". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ Newton Minow
- ^ Dawn Clark Netsch
- ^ Honorable Roy L. Pearson
- ^ Stella Awards
- ^ Graham T. Perry
- ^ Pat Quinn
- ^ "RAILSBACK, Thomas Fisher, (1932 - )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ^ Henry T. Rainey
- ^ Chief Justice Santos
- ^ Jerry Springer
- ^ A Political Guide for the Workers: Socialist Party Campaign, Book 1920, The Socialist Party of the United States, 1920, p. 15.
- ^ Compendium of History and Biography of Central and Northern Minnesota, G.A. Ogle & Company, 1904, p. 143.
- ^ Justice John Paul Stevens
- ^ Adlai Stevenson
- ^ The Honorable Richard Tallman
- ^ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, THOMSON, Charles Marsh (1877-1943)
- ^ James Thompson
- ^ Daniel Walker
- ^ Harold Washington
- ^ Richard E. Wiley
- ^ Raoul Berger
- ^ Bob Goldsborough (March 28, 2013). "George Miller Burditt Jr., former Illinois state representative, 1922–2013". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ G. Marcus Cole
- ^ Thomas F. Geraghty
- ^ Charles Kindregan
- ^ Jonathan Turley
- ^ Eddie Einhorn
- ^ Matt Ferguson
- ^ Elbert Henry Gary
- ^ Michael Goodkine, World Heritage Encyclopedia
- ^ Randy Kaplan
- ^ Kenesaw Mountain Landis
- ^ Robert R. McCormick
- ^ History of Kirkland & Ellis LLP
- ^ Morgan O'Brien
- ^ J.B. Pritzker
- ^ Jay A. Pritzker
- ^ Frank C. Rathje
- ^ Jerry Reinsdorf
- ^ Mark Walter
- ^ Andrew Stroth
- ^ Salem J. Chalabi
- ^ Charlton Thomas Lewis, Joseph H. Willsey. "Harper's book of facts: a classified history of the world; embracing science, literature, and art". Harper & Brothers, 1895, p. 939.
- ^ Kenesaw Mountain Landis
- ^ Dawn Clark Netsch
- ^ Harold Washington